Talaan ng mga pelikulang nasa pampublikong dominyo sa Estados Unidos

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Karamihan sa mga pelikula ay napapailalim sa copyright, ngunit ang mga nakalista dito ay pinaniniwalaan na nasa public domain sa United States. Nangangahulugan ito na walang gobyerno, samahan, o indibidwal na nagmamay-ari ng anumang copyright sa trabaho, at dahil dito ito ay karaniwang pag-aari.[1] Ang listahang ito ay hindi komprehensibo; ang karamihan sa mga pelikulang pampubliko na domain ay hindi kasama dito sa iba`t ibang mga kadahilanan. Ang mga pelikula sa listahang ito ay maaaring magsama ng mga elemento mula sa iba pang mga gawa na nasa ilalim pa rin ng copyright, kahit na ang pelikula mismo ay wala sa copyright.

May copyright na mga elemento ng isang pelikula[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]

Walang opisyal na listahan ng mga pelikula (o iba pang mga gawa) sa pampublikong domain. Mahirap matukoy ang katayuan ng pampublikong domain ng isang pelikula dahil maaaring kasama dito ang anuman o lahat ng mga sumusunod na may copyright na elemento:

  • Sinematograpiya
  • Drama
  • Panitikan
  • Musika
  • Art
  • Mga guhit-larawang karakter (hal., Bugs Bunny)[2]
  • Mga kathang-isip na tauhan (hal., James Bond)[3]

Pagdodokumento ng katayuan sa pampublikong domain[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]

Padron:Ref improve section Kung ang isang pelikula ay lilitaw sa listahan sa ibaba, malaki ang posibilidad na nawala ang ilan o lahat ng proteksyon sa copyright ng Estados Unidos o sa kaso ng mga pelikula ng gobyerno ng Estados Unidos, ay hindi kailanman protektado ng copyright.

Walang iisang pamamaraan para sa pagtukoy kung ang isang pelikula, o mga bahagi nito, ay nasa pampublikong domain. Mayroong maraming mga pamamaraan na maaaring magamit upang idokumento ang katayuan sa pampublikong domain ng isang pelikula. Kabilang dito ang mga sumusunod:

Kawalan ng pagbabago[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]

Bago ang taong 1988, ang lahat ng pelikula ng pelikula ay inilathala pagkatapos ng 1909 na may paunawa sa copyright kung saan magaganap ang ika-28 taon ng copyright bago ang taong 1988, na kailangang irehistro at bago ang ika-28 taon, ang pagrehistro ay kailangang i-renew, o ang copyright para sa pelikula ay mag-e-expire at papasok ito sa pampublikong domain. Nalalapat ito sa lahat ng mga pelikulang nakarehistro para sa copyright bago ang taong 1960. Ang mga pag-renew ng copyright ay naging opsyonal noong 1988.

Tukuyin ang pagpaparehistro sa copyright[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]

Ang mga pagrehistro ng copyright ng larawan ng paggalaw bago ang 1978 ay na-publish sa semi-taunang Catalog ng Copyright s. Nag-publish din ang Library of Congress ng pinagsama-sama na Mga Catalog ng Copyright ng mga pagarehistro ng larawan para sa mga yugto

  • 1894–1911
  • 1912–1939[4]
  • 1940–1949
  • 1950–1959
  • 1960–1969
  • 1970–1979
  • 1980–1989

Katayuan sa pag-renew ng copyright[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]

Para sa mga pelikulang nakarehistro sa 1929 - kasama ang 1963, mahalagang malaman ang katayuan sa pag-renew. Ang semi-taunang mga booklet ng Copyright Catalog ay may halos kumpleto (hindi bababa sa 99.99%) na mga listahan ng mga pag-renew para sa mga pelikulang nakarehistro 28 taon na ang nakalilipas. Ang mga buklet na semi-taunang iyon lahat ay hindi naka-print. Gayunpaman, para sa 1929 hanggang 1959, tumutugma ang mga aklat ng Film Superlist sa mga pag-renew ng copyright sa mga naunang pagrehistro. Ang mga pagrerehistro at pag-update ng copyright ay matatagpuan sa

Noong 1992, binago ng Kongreso ang batas sa copyright upang gawing awtomatiko ang pag-renew para sa mga copyright na nakarehistro noong 1964 at mas bago.

Listahan ng mga pelikula sa pampublikong dominyo sa Estados Unidos[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]

Ang lahat ng mga pelikulang inilabas bago ang 1929, o gawa ng gobyerno ng Estados Unidos, ay nasa pampublikong domain na ngayon sa United States. Ang mga ito ay hindi nakalista dito upang mapanatili ang listahang ito sa isang mapapamahalaang laki. Tingnan ang Category:Films by year para sa mga pre-1929 na pelikula.

Tandaan: Ang listahang ito ay hindi komprehensibo; hindi nakalista dito ang karamihan sa mga pampublikong domain na pelikula. Kasama sa listahang ito ang isang seleksyon ng mga kilalang pelikula kung saan available ang isang maaasahang pangalawang mapagkukunan na tumatalakay sa katayuan ng pampublikong domain.
Film title Release year Director Studio / Distributor Entered the public domain in (year) Reason for entering the public domain Note(s)
Abraham Lincoln 1930 D. W. Griffith United Artists 1958[5] Copyright not renewed[5]
Africa Screams 1949 Charles Barton United Artists 1977 Copyright not renewed[6][7]
Algiers 1938 John Cromwell United Artists 1966 Copyright not renewed[8]
Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp 1939 Dave Fleischer Paramount Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[9] The third of three Popeye Technicolor two-reel specials
The Amazing Mr. X 1948 Bernard Vorhaus Eagle-Lion Films Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[10] Also known as The Spiritualist
Angel and the Badman 1947 James Edward Grant Republic Pictures 1975 Copyright not renewed[11]
The Animal Kingdom 1932 Edward H. Griffith RKO Radio Pictures 1960 Copyright not renewed[8]
At War with the Army 1950 Hal Walker Paramount Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[12]
Attack of the Giant Leeches 1959 Bernard L. Kowalski American International Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[13]
The Bat 1959 Crane Wilbur Allied Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[14]
Beat the Devil 1953 John Huston United Artists 1980 Copyright not renewed[15] The 2016 restoration is not in the public domain.
Beau Ideal 1931
(copyright notice: 1930)
Herbert Brenon RKO Radio Pictures 1958 Copyright not renewed[16]
Becky Sharp 1935 Rouben Mamoulian RKO Radio Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[17]
Behind Office Doors 1931 Melville W. Brown RKO Radio Pictures 1959 Copyright not renewed[16]
Bird of Paradise 1932 King Vidor RKO Radio Pictures 1960 Copyright not renewed[8]
Blood on the Sun 1945 Frank Lloyd United Artists 1973 Copyright not renewed[11]
Blue Steel 1934 Robert N. Bradbury Lone Star Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm.[18]
Bowery at Midnight 1942 Wallace Fox Monogram Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[19]
The Brain That Wouldn't Die 1962
(completed: 1959)
Joseph Green American International Pictures 1962 Missing copyright notice[20] Originally completed in 1959 under the title The Black Door (it was then changed to The Head That Wouldn't Die), it was not released until May 3, 1962, where failure to add the copyright notice resulted in the film entering the public domain.[20]
Brideless Groom 1947 Edward Bernds Columbia Pictures 1960s[21] Copyright not renewed[21] Short film
A Bucket of Blood 1959 Roger Corman American International Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[22]
Captain Kidd 1945 Rowland V. Lee United Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[23]
Carnival of Souls 1962 Herk Harvey Herts-Lion International Corp. 1962 Missing copyright notice[24] There was a dispute about the rights to the film from 1990 to 1995.[25]
The entirety of the film rights might have been granted to John Clifford in 1996.[26]
The DVD release of the film by The Criterion Collection lists copyright by Harold Harvey and John Clifford.
Charade 1963 Stanley Donen Universal Pictures 1963 Defective copyright notice[27] Original music still in copyright[28]
Original story by Peter Stone still in copyright[27][29]
Check and Double Check 1930 Melville W. Brown RKO Radio Pictures 1958 Copyright not renewed[30]
Conspiracy 1930 Christy Cabanne RKO Radio Pictures 1958 Copyright not renewed[16]
Cyrano de Bergerac 1950 Michael Gordon United Artists 1980s Padron:Dm[31][32]
The Dance of Life 1929 John Cromwell Paramount Pictures 1957 Copyright not renewed[8]
Danger Lights 1930 George B. Seitz RKO Radio Pictures 1958 Copyright not renewed[16]
The Deadly Companions 1961 Sam Peckinpah Pathé-America 1961 Missing copyright notice[33]
Debbie Does Dallas 1978 Jim Clark VCX 1981 Missing copyright notice[34] The Dallas Cowboys hold veto power on commercial publication due to unauthorized use of their cheerleaders' trademarks.[35]
Dementia 13 1963 Francis Ford Coppola American International Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[13] Also known as The Haunted and the Hunted
Detour 1945 Edgar G. Ulmer Producers Releasing Corporation Padron:Dm Copyright not renewed[36]
The Devil Bat 1940 Jean Yarbrough Producers Releasing Corporation Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[19]
Disorder in the Court 1936 Preston Black Columbia Pictures 1960s[21] Copyright not renewed[21] Short film
Dixiana 1930 Luther Reed RKO Radio Pictures 1958 Copyright not renewed[30]
D.O.A. 1949 Rudolph Maté United Artists 1977 Copyright not renewed[37]
Ella Cinders 1926 Alfred E. Green First National Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[38]
The Emperor Jones 1933 Dudley Murphy United Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[39]
Father's Little Dividend 1951
(copyright notice: 1950)
Vincente Minnelli MGM 1978 Copyright not renewed[40]
Farewell to Arms, AA Farewell to Arms 1932 Frank Borzage Paramount Pictures 1960 Copyright not renewed[41] Based on the copyrighted (R177406) novel by Ernest Hemingway
Fear and Desire 1953 Stanley Kubrick Joseph Burstyn Padron:Dm Copyright not renewed[42]
The Flying Deuces 1939 A. Edward Sutherland RKO Radio Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[43]
The Front Page 1931 Lewis Milestone United Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[44] Source material (the stage play The Front Page) rights under copyright until 2024[45]
The General 1926 Clyde Bruckman
Buster Keaton
United Artists 1955 Copyright not renewed[45]
Glen or Glenda 1953 Ed Wood Columbia Classics Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[46]
Go for Broke! 1951
(copyright notice: 1950)
Robert Pirosh MGM 1978 Copyright not renewed[40]
God's Little Acre 1958 Anthony Mann United Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[47] The colorized version is not in the public domain.[47]
The Gorilla 1939 Allan Dwan 20th Century Fox Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[48]
The Great Flamarion 1945 Anthony Mann Republic Pictures Padron:Dm Copyright not renewed[49]
Gulliver's Travels 1939 Dave Fleischer Paramount Pictures 1967 Copyright not renewed[50][51]
Half Shot at Sunrise 1930 Paul Sloane RKO Radio Productions 1958 Copyright not renewed[16]
His Girl Friday 1940
(copyright date: 1939)
Howard Hawks Columbia Pictures 1967 Copyright not renewed[45] Source material (the stage play The Front Page) rights under copyright until 2024[45]
The Hitch-Hiker 1953 Ida Lupino RKO Radio Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[52]
Hook, Line and Sinker 1930 Edward F. Cline RKO Radio Pictures 1958 Copyright not renewed[16]
House on Haunted Hill 1959 William Castle Allied Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[53][54]
Indestructible Man 1956 Jack Pollexfen Allied Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[55]
Inside the Lines 1930 Roy Pomeroy RKO Radio Productions 1958 Copyright not renewed[16]
The Inspector General 1949 Henry Koster Warner Bros. Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[56]
It's a Wonderful Life 1946
(copyright notice: 1947)
Frank Capra Liberty Films
RKO Pictures
1975 Copyright not renewed[57] While the film images are public domain, under rulings of Stewart v. Abend, the film text (script) is based on the copyrighted short story "The Greatest Gift" by Philip Van Doren Stern.[57][58][59]
Republic also purchased the exclusive rights to the film's copyrighted music to further shore up its rights.[60]
The Jackie Robinson Story 1950 Alfred E. Green Eagle-Lion Films Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[61] Ancillary rights owned by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
The Joe Louis Story 1953 Robert Gordon United Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[62]
Kansas City Confidential 1952 Phil Karlson United Artists Padron:Dm Copyright not renewed[63]
Kept Husbands 1931 Lloyd Bacon RKO Radio Productions 1959 Copyright not renewed[16]
The Lady Refuses 1931 George Archainbaud RKO Radio Productions 1959 Copyright not renewed[16]
Lady to Love, AA Lady to Love 1930 Victor Sjöström MGM 1958 Copyright not renewed[8] Based on the play They Knew What They Wanted
The Last Man on Earth 1964 Ubaldo Ragona, Sidney Salkow American International Pictures, 20th Century Fox 1992[64] Copyright not renewed[64]
The Last Time I Saw Paris 1954
(copyright notice: 1944)
Richard Brooks MGM 1972 Defective copyright notice[65] Music score still protected by copyright[66]
Lawful Larceny 1930 Lowell Sherman RKO Radio Productions 1958 Copyright not renewed[16]
Leathernecking 1930 Edward F. Cline RKO Radio Productions 1958 Copyright not renewed[16]
Letter of Introduction 1938 John M. Stahl Universal Pictures 1966 Copyright not renewed[67]
Life with Father 1947 Michael Curtiz Warner Bros. 1975 Copyright not renewed[68]
The Little Princess 1939 Walter Lang 20th Century Fox 1967 Copyright not renewed[57]
Little Shop of HorrorsThe Little Shop of Horrors 1960 Roger Corman Filmgroup 1988 Copyright not renewed[45][69]
Lonely Wives 1931 Russell Mack RKO Radio Pictures 1959 Copyright not renewed[16]
Love Affair 1939 Leo McCarey RKO Radio Pictures 1967 Copyright not renewed[8]
Love Laughs at Andy Hardy 1945 Willis Goldbeck MGM Padron:Dm Copyright not renewed[70]
The Lucky Texan 1934 Robert N. Bradbury Lone Star Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm.[18]
Made for Each Other 1939 John Cromwell United Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[71]
Malice in the Palace 1949 Jules White Columbia Pictures 1960s[21] Copyright not renewed[21] Short film
The Man from Utah 1934 Robert N. Bradbury Lone Star Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm.[18]
The Man with the Golden Arm 1955 Otto Preminger United Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[72]
Maniac 1934 Dwain Esper Roadshow Attractions Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[73] Also known as Sex Maniac
Manos: The Hands of Fate 1966 Harold P. Warren Emerson Film Enterprises 1968 Failure to display copyright notice[74] Original script may have been copyrighted[74]
March of the Wooden Soldiers 1950 Gus Meins Lippert Pictures 1950 Failure to display copyright notice[27] This is a later abridgement of Babes in Toyland (1934), which is still in copyright. Its public domain status remains unclear.[27]
McLintock! 1963 Andrew V. McLaglen United Artists 1991 Copyright not renewed[75][76] Music score still under copyright[75]
Meet John Doe 1941 Frank Capra Warner Bros. 1969 Copyright not renewed[57]
Millie 1931 John Francis Dillon RKO Radio Pictures 1959 Copyright not renewed[16]
Mr. Imperium 1951
(copyright notice: 1950)
Don Hartman MGM 1978 Copyright not renewed[40]
My Dear Secretary 1948 Charles Martin United Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[77]
My Favorite Brunette 1947 Elliott Nugent Paramount Pictures 1975 Copyright not renewed[11]
My Man Godfrey 1936 Gregory La Cava Universal Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[78] While the film images are public domain, under rulings of Stewart v. Abend, the film text (script) is based on the copyrighted 1935 book My Man Godfrey by Eric S. Hatch.[79]
Night of the Living Dead 1968 George A. Romero Walter Reade 1968 Missing copyright notice and errors from the distributor[80] The restored version released on home media by The Criterion Collection is under copyright by Image Ten, Inc.[81]
Nothing Sacred 1937 William A. Wellman Selznick,
United Artists
1965 Copyright not renewed[45]
Of Human Bondage 1934 John Cromwell RKO Radio Pictures 1962 Copyright not renewed[8]
One-Eyed Jacks 1961
(copyright notice:1960)
Marlon Brando Pennebaker Productions, Paramount Pictures 1988 Copyright not renewed[82][83]
Our Town 1940 Sam Wood United Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[84]
The Outlaw 1943 Howard Hughes Howard Hughes Prod., United Artists 1971 Copyright not renewed[16]
The Painted Hills 1951 Harold F. Kress MGM 1979 Copyright not renewed[40]
The Pay-Off 1930 Lowell Sherman RKO Radio Pictures 1958 Copyright not renewed[16]
Penny Serenade 1941 George Stevens Columbia Pictures 1968 Copyright not renewed[85]
Plan 9 from Outer Space 1959 Ed Wood Distributors Corporation of America 1987 Padron:Dm[86]
Popeye the Sailor Meets Ali Baba's Forty Thieves 1937 Dave Fleischer Paramount Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[9] The second of three Popeye Technicolor two-reel specials
Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor 1936 Dave Fleischer Paramount Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[9] The first of three Popeye Technicolor two-reel specials
Pot o' Gold 1941 George Marshall United Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[87]
Quicksand 1950 Irving Pichel United Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[88]
Rage at Dawn 1955 Tim Whelan RKO Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[89]
Rain 1932 Lewis Milestone United Artists 1960 Copyright not renewed[11]
Randy Rides Alone 1934 Harry L. Fraser Lone Star Pictures 1934 Copyright notice lacks claimant[18]
The Red House 1947 Delmer Daves United Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[90]
Reefer Madness 1936 Louis J. Gasnier Motion Picture Ventures 1936 Improper copyright notice[91][92] Also called The Burning Question, Dope Addict, and Tell Your Children
Riders of Destiny 1933 Robert N. Bradbury Lone Star Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm.[18]
Road to Bali 1952 Hal Walker Paramount Pictures 1980 Copyright not renewed on time[93][94] Ancillary rights now owned by FremantleMedia
Rock, Rock, Rock! 1956 Will Price Distributors Corporation of America 1984 Copyright not renewed[69] The Chuck Berry soundtrack of the film may not be in the public domain.
The Royal Bed 1931
(copyright notice: 1930)
Lowell Sherman RKO Radio Pictures 1958 Copyright not renewed[16]
Royal Wedding 1951
(copyright notice: 1950)
Stanley Donen MGM 1978 Copyright not renewed[40]
Sagebrush Trail 1933 Armand Schaefer Lone Star Pictures 1933 Copyright notice lacks claimant[95] Remake of Partners of the Trail (Wallace Fox, 1931)
Salt of the Earth 1954 Herbert Biberman Independent Productions 1982[96] Copyright expired[96] Selected for preservation in the National Film Registry in 1992.[96]
Santa Claus Conquers the Martians 1964 Nicholas Webster Embassy Pictures Corporation Padron:Dm Missing copyright notice[97][98] Musical score owned by Famous Music
Santa Fe Trail 1940 Michael Curtiz Warner Bros. 1968 Copyright not renewed[99][100]
Scarlet Street 1945 Fritz Lang Universal Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[101][102]
The Screaming Skull 1958 Alex Nicol American International Pictures 1958 Not registered for copyright[13][103]
Second Chorus 1940 H.C. Potter Paramount Pictures Padron:Dm Copyright not renewed[104]
The Secret Hour 1928 Rowland V. Lee Paramount Pictures 1956 Copyright not renewed[8] Based on the play They Knew What They Wanted
The Silver Horde 1930 George Archainbaud RKO Radio Pictures 1958 Copyright not renewed[16]
Sin Takes a Holiday 1930 Paul L. Stein RKO Radio Pictures 1958 Copyright not renewed[16]
Sing a Song of Six Pants 1947 Jules White Columbia Pictures 1960s[21] Copyright not renewed[21] Short film
Sinners in Paradise 1938 James Whale Universal Pictures 1966 Copyright not renewed[67]
Sita Sings the Blues 2008 Nina Paley GKIDS 2010 Released into the public domain with a CC0 license[105]
The Snows of Kilimanjaro 1952 Henry King 20th Century Fox Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[106] Based on the copyrighted novel by Ernest Hemingway
The Southerner 1945 Jean Renoir United Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[107]
Star Is Born, AA Star Is Born 1937 William A. Wellman Selznick,
United Artists
1965 Copyright not renewed[41][45]
The Star Packer 1934 Robert N. Bradbury Lone Star Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm.[18]
The Strange Love of Martha Ivers 1946 Lewis Milestone Paramount Pictures 1974 Copyright not renewed[11]
The Stranger 1946 Orson Welles International Pictures, RKO Radio Productions 1973 Copyright not renewed[108]
Suddenly 1954 Lewis Allen United Artists 1983 Copyright not renewed[109]
Superman (1940s cartoons) 1941-1943 Dave Fleischer, various Paramount Pictures Padron:Dm[110] Padron:Dm[110] Ancillary rights such as merchandising contract rights, as well as the original 35mm master elements, are currently owned by Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. through Superman's publisher, DC Comics
Swing High, Swing Low 1937 Mitchell Leisen Paramount Pictures 1965 Copyright not renewed[8]
Teenagers from Outer Space 1959 Tom Graeff Warner Bros. 1987 Copyright not renewed[45]
The Terror 1963 Roger Corman American International Pictures, Filmgroup 1963 Missing copyright registration[111] In the early 1990s, Corman asked Mark Griffiths to shoot 12 minutes of additional footage starring Dick Miller, thus making a new film titled The Return of the Terror (1991), so Corman could claim his copyright.[112]
Three Guys Named Mike 1951
(copyright notice: 1950)
Charles Walters MGM 1978 Copyright not renewed[40]
Till the Clouds Roll By 1946 Richard Whorf MGM 1974 Copyright not renewed[40]
Too Late for Tears 1949 Byron Haskin United Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[113]
Topper Returns 1941 Roy Del Ruth United Artists 1969 Copyright not renewed[69]
Utopia (a.k.a. Atoll K) 1951 Léo Joannon and John Berry (uncredited) Franco London Films 1951 No U.S. copyright filed [114]
Vengeance Valley 1951
(copyright notice: 1950)
Richard Thorpe MGM 1978 Copyright not renewed[40]
The Wasp Woman 1959 Roger Corman Filmgroup Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[115]
West of the Divide 1934 Robert N. Bradbury Lone Star Pictures Padron:Dm Padron:Dm.[18]
White Zombie 1932 Victor Halperin United Artists Padron:Dm Padron:Dm[116] The source material for the film may not be in the public domain.[117]
Wives Under Suspicion 1938 James Whale Universal Pictures 1966 Copyright not renewed[67]

Silipin din[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]

Mga talaan[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]

Mga sanggunian[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]

  1. "An Introduction to Films and Motion Pictures" at RoyaltyFreeMusic.com Naka-arkibo October 7, 2011, sa Wayback Machine. Retrieved August 4, 2009
  2. Rich, Lloyd L. (1998). "Protection of Graphic Characters". The Publishing Law Center. Inarkibo mula sa ang orihinal noong September 4, 2015. Nakuha noong January 20, 2012.
  3. Adler, Kenneth A. (October 1, 1999). "Using Dramatic Characters in Multimedia Works – Avoiding the Pitfalls". Thelen LLP. Inarkibo mula sa ang orihinal noong Oktubre 1, 2011. Nakuha noong October 31, 2010.
  4. Catalog of Copyright Entries: Cumulative Series. Motion Pictures 1912-1939 (51,112 films), published in 1951. L.C. card, 51-60018. (copy)
  5. 5.0 5.1 Paolo Cherchi Usai (2008). The Griffith Project: Essays on D.W. Griffith. British Film Institute. p. 208. Nakuha noong January 16, 2016.
  6. Bob Furmanek (February 6, 2004). "8 Abbott & Costello Films Coming!". hometheaterforum.com. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong February 13, 2019. Nakuha noong February 13, 2019.
  7. John M. Miller, "Africa Screams, Home Video Reviews", Turner Classic Movies
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 Pierce (2007), pp. 131-134.
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 Grandinetti, Fred (2004). Popeye: an illustrated cultural history. McFarland & Company. p. 125.
  10. Sullivan, Monica (1998). VideoHound's independent film guide. Visible Ink Press. pp. 12–13.
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 Pierce, David (March 29, 2001). Legal Limbo: How American Copyright Law Makes Orphan Films (mp3 in "file3"). Orphans of the Storm II: Documenting the 20th Century. Nakuha noong January 5, 2012.
  12. Erickson, Hal (2012). Military Comedy Films: A Critical Survey and Filmography of Hollywood Releases Since 1918. McFarland. ISBN 9780786492671.page 68
  13. 13.0 13.1 13.2 Smith, Gary A. (2009). The American International Pictures video guide. McFarland & Company. p. 8.
  14. Thompson, Nathaniel. "The Bat". Tcm.com. Nakuha noong 9 May 2019.
  15. Bailey, Jason (February 15, 2017). "A New Cut and Restoration Reframes Bogart and Huston's Strangest Film". Flavorwire. Nakuha noong April 2, 2018.
  16. 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 16.12 16.13 16.14 16.15 16.16 16.17 Pierce (2007), pp. 140-143.
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  18. 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 Eyman, Scott (2014). John Wayne. The Life and Legend. New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-4391-9958-9.
  19. 19.0 19.1 Lennig, Arthur (2003). The Immortal Count: The Life and Films of Bela Lugosi. The University Press of Kentucky. p. 465.
  20. 20.0 20.1 Nathaniel Thompson, "Cult Movies, The Brain that Wouldn't Die", Turner Classic Movies
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  22. Coffel, Chris (November 24, 2015). "HOME VIDEO[Blu-ray Review] 'A Bucket of Blood' is a Bucket of Fun!". Bloody Disgusting. Nakuha noong June 23, 2017.
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  26. "Carnival Of Souls 720p 1962 | Public Domain Movies". publicdomainmovie.net. Nakuha noong 2019-11-18.
  27. 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 Pierce (2007), p. 130.
  28. Online search results for keywords "Henry Mancini Charade", from US Copyright Office.
  29. The original story basis for Charade is The Unsuspecting Wife by Peter Stone and Marc Behm, which appeared in the July 1961 issue of Redbook magazine. The copyright to the story was renewed by Stone in 1989 (see source: David Pierce (2007), Note #20, pg. 141).
  30. 30.0 30.1 Pierce (2007), p. 137.
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  35. Miller, Jeffrey (2002). Ardor in the Court!: Sex and the Law. ECW Press. p. 152. ISBN 1-55022-528-6.
  36. Herzogenrath, Bernd (2009). The Films of Edgar G. Ulmer. Scarecrow Press. p. 151.
  37. Researching the Copyright Status of a Work from Copyright Registration and Renewal Information Chart and Web Site
  38. Codori, Jeff (February 28, 2012). Colleen Moore: A Biography of the Silent Film Star. McFarland. p. 251. ISBN 0-786-48899-9. Nakuha noong July 19, 2018.
  39. Slide, Anthony (2013). Nitrate Won't Wait: A History of Film Preservation in the United States. McFarland. ISBN 9781476604572.[pahina kailangan]
  40. 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.4 40.5 40.6 40.7 Pierce (2007), pp. 138-139.
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  42. Hutchinson, Sean (6 April 2017). "Fear and Desire: The Movie Stanley Kubrick Didn't Want You to See". Mental Floss. Nakuha noong 26 May 2019.
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  47. 47.0 47.1 Stim, Richard (2016). Getting Permission: How to License & Clear Copyrighted Materials Online & Off. Nolo. ISBN 9781413323139.page 268
  48. Brotherton, Jamie; Okuda, Ted (2013). Dorothy Lee: The Life and Films of the Wheeler and Woolsey Girl. McFarland. ISBN 9780786433636.page 152
  49. Peros, Mike (2016). Dan Duryea: Heel with a Heart. Univ. Press of Mississippi. ISBN 9781496809933. The Great Flamarion is among Duryea's more visible efforts because it fell into the public domain when the original copyright lapsed.[pahina kailangan]
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  80. Night of the Living Dead entered the public domain because the original theatrical distributor, the Walter Reade Organization, neglected to place a copyright indication on the prints. In 1968, United States copyright law required a proper notice for a work to maintain a copyright. See U.S. Copyright Office, Circular 92, Copyright Law of the United States of America, Chapter 4: Copyright Notice, Deposit, and Registration, Omission of notice on certain copies and phonorecords. Image Ten displayed such a notice on the title frames of the film beneath its original title, Night of the Flesh Eaters, but the distributor removed the statement when it changed the title. See Boluk, Stephanie; Lenz, Wylie (June 16, 2011). "Introduction: Generation Z, the Age of Apocalypse". In Boluk, Stephanie; Lenz, Wylie (mga pat.). Generation Zombie: Essays on the Living Dead in Modern Culture. Jefferson, North Carolina, US: McFarland & Company. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-7864-6140-0. Nakuha noong August 26, 2011.
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