Robert Mugabe: Pagkakaiba sa mga binago

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* [http://web.archive.org/web/20060108200647/http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/12/27/opinion/edellis.php Indict Zimbabwe's demagogue before the International Criminal Court]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20060108200647/http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/12/27/opinion/edellis.php Indict Zimbabwe's demagogue before the International Criminal Court]
* [http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr92.html "Zimbabwe and the Politics of Torture"]
* [http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr92.html "Zimbabwe and the Politics of Torture"]
* [http://www.hrw.org/doc?t=africa&c=zimbab Human Rights Watch on Zimbabwe]
* [https://archive.is/20121220224211/www.hrw.org/doc?t=africa&c=zimbab Human Rights Watch on Zimbabwe]
* [http://zimbabwemetro.com/2007/11/30/comrade-mugabe-is-our-leader%e2%80%9dwar-vets-march-for-mugabe/ “Comrade Mugabe is our leader”, War Vets million man march for Mugabe] Zimbabwe Metro
* [http://zimbabwemetro.com/2007/11/30/comrade-mugabe-is-our-leader%e2%80%9dwar-vets-march-for-mugabe/ “Comrade Mugabe is our leader”, War Vets million man march for Mugabe] Zimbabwe Metro
* [http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/10/27/081027fa_fact_anderson "The Destroyer: ''Robert Mugabe and the destruction of Zimbabwe''".]
* [http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/10/27/081027fa_fact_anderson "The Destroyer: ''Robert Mugabe and the destruction of Zimbabwe''".]

Pagbabago noong 00:44, 29 Agosto 2014

Robert Gabriel Mugabe
Pangulo ng Simbabwe
Kasalukuyang nanunungkulan
Unang araw ng panunungkulan
31 Disyembre 1987
Punong MinistroMorgan Tsvangirai
Pangalawang PanguloSimon Muzenda
Joseph Msika
Joice Mujuru
Nakaraang sinundanCanaan Banana
Punong Ministro ng Simbabwe
Nasa puwesto
18 Abril 1980 – 31 Disyembre 1987
PanguloCanaan Banana
Nakaraang sinundanAbel Muzorewa (Simbabwe Rhodesia)
Sinundan niNilansag Muling binuhay 2009: Morgan Tsvangirai
Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement
Nasa puwesto
6 Setyembre 1986 – 7 Setyembre 1989
Nakaraang sinundanZail Singh
Sinundan niJanez Drnovsek
Pansariling detalye
Ipinanganak (1924-02-21) 21 Pebrero 1924 (edad 100)
Kutama, Salisbury, Katimugang Rhodesia
Partidong pampolitikaZANU-PF (1987 – kasalukuyan)
ZANU (1963–1987)
ZAPU (1961–1963)
AsawaSally Hayfron (patay na)
Grace Marufu
Alma materPamantasan ng Fort Hare
Pamantasan ng Oxford
Pamantasan ng Timog Aprika
Pamantasan ng London
Pirma

Si Robert Gabriel Karigamombe Mugabe (ipinanganak 21 Pebrero 1924) ang kasalukuyang Pangulo ng Simbabwe. Nanungkulan siya bilang pinuno ng pamahalaan simula 1980, bilang Punong Ministro mula 1980 hanggang 1987, at kauna-unaang pinuno ng estado simula 1987.[1] In 2008, his party suffered a defeat in national elections, but Mugabe retained power after his party's violence against opposition supporters caused the opposition candidate to pull out of a subsequent run-off.[2].



Tingnan din

Mga sanggunian

Mga tala

  1. Chan, Stephen (2003). Robert Mugabe: A Life of Power and Violence. p. 123.
  2. "Africa | Tsvangirai 'leads' Simbabwe vote". BBC News. 2008-05-01. Nakuha noong 2009-06-14.

Talambuhay

  • Chan, Stephen (2003). Robert Mugabe: A life of power and violence. London: IB Taurus. ISBN 9781860648731.
  • East, R. and Thomas, Richard J. Profiles of People in Power: The World ´s Government Leaders, 2003 ISBN 185743126X.
  • Holland, Heidi. Dinner with Mugabe, 2008. Penguin, South Africa. ISBN 9780143025573.
  • Meredith, Martin : Mugabe: Power and Plunder in Simbabwe , 2003. Oxford [rev. updated ed.] ISBN 1586482130 (American ed.: Our votes, our guns
  • Mwakikagile, Godfrey. Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era, 2006, Chapter Eight: "The Rhodesian Crisis: Tanzania's Role." New Africa Press, South Africa. ISBN 9780980253412.
  • Nolan, Cathal J. Notable U.S. Ambassadors Since 1775: A Biographical Dictionary, 1997 ISBN 0313291950
  • The Times (SA) Online. 'The angry little boy who showed them all'. Published: 01 Mar 2008.
  • Who's Who : African Nationalist Leaders in Rhodesia by Robert Cary and Diana Mitchell, 1977,1980,1994 Reprinted by Mardon Printers (PTY) Ltd, Harare.

Mga kawing panlabas

Tuklasin ang iba pa hinggil sa Robert Mugabe mula sa mga kapatid na proyekto ng Wikipedia:
Kahulugang pangtalahuluganan
Mga araling-aklat
Mga siping pambanggit
Mga tekstong sanggunian
Mga larawan at midya
Mga salaysaying pambalita
Mga sangguniang pampagkatuto
Mga tungkuling pampolitika
Sinundan:
Abel Muzorewa
Prime Minister of Zimbabwe
1980–1987
Vacant
Post abolished 1987 – 2009
Title next held by
Morgan Tsvangirai
Sinundan:
Zail Singh
Secretary General of Non-Aligned Movement
1986–1989
Susunod:
Janez Drnovšek
Sinundan:
Canaan Banana
President of Zimbabwe
1987 – kasalukuyan
Kasalukuyan
Sinundan:
Paul Biya
Cameroon
Chairperson of the African Union
1997–1998
Susunod:
Blaise Compaoré
Burkina Faso
Mga tungkuling pangpartido pampolitika
Sinundan:
Herbert Chitepo
Leader of the Zimbabwe African National Union
1975–1987
Merged with ZAPU
Bagong partidong politikal
ZANU/ZAPU merger
Leader of the Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front
1987 – kasalukuyan
Kasalukuyan