Kontrobersiya sa pagpapanibago ng prangkisa ng ABS-CBN: Pagkakaiba sa mga binago

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Ipinagmamalaki ang Pilipinas bilang bansang may "pinakamalaya at pinakamasiglang pamamahayag" sa Asya,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tuazon |first1=Ramon R. |title=The Print Media: A Tradition of Freedom |url=https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-disseminationscd/communication/the-print-media-a-tradition-of-freedom/ |website=National Commission for Culture and the Arts |accessdate=May 8, 2020 |date=2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Our History |url=https://pcij.org/about/history |website=Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism |accessdate=May 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Howard |title=Why Rappler is raising Philippine press freedom fears |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42713897 |accessdate=May 8, 2020 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=January 17, 2018}}</ref> kung saan itinuturing na [[Peryodismong tagapagbantay|tagapagbantay]]<ref name="Coronel2010">Coronel, S. S. (2010), 'Corruption and the watchdog role of the news media.' In P. Norris (ed.), Public Sentinel: News Media and Governance Reform, 111–36.Washington, DC: World Bank.</ref> at “[[ika-apat na estado]]” ang midya, na nakatutulong sa pagpapanatili ng sistema ng kontrol at katatagan (''checks and balances'') na kinakailangan ng demokratikong pamamahala.<ref name="Flor2005">{{Cite thesis |last=Flor |first=Alexander Gonzalez |title=The Fifth Theory of the Press |url=https://www.academia.edu/178798/The_Fifth_Theory_of_the_Press |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Severino2003">{{cite book|last=Quintos de Jesus|first=Melinda|title=Whither the Philippines in the 21st Century?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XCBqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT104|date=August 1, 2003|publisher=Flipside Digital Content Company Inc.|isbn=978-981-4517-58-4|pages=104–|editor-last1=Severino |editor-first1=Rodolfo |editor-last2=Salazar |editor-first2=Lorraine Carlos| chapter=The Philippine Press: A Study in Contrasts and Contradictions}}</ref>
Ipinagmamalaki ang Pilipinas bilang bansang may "pinakamalaya at pinakamasiglang pamamahayag" sa Asya,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tuazon |first1=Ramon R. |title=The Print Media: A Tradition of Freedom |url=https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-cultural-disseminationscd/communication/the-print-media-a-tradition-of-freedom/ |website=National Commission for Culture and the Arts |accessdate=May 8, 2020 |date=2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Our History |url=https://pcij.org/about/history |website=Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism |accessdate=May 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Howard |title=Why Rappler is raising Philippine press freedom fears |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42713897 |accessdate=May 8, 2020 |work=[[BBC News]] |date=January 17, 2018}}</ref> kung saan itinuturing na [[Peryodismong tagapagbantay|tagapagbantay]]<ref name="Coronel2010">Coronel, S. S. (2010), 'Corruption and the watchdog role of the news media.' In P. Norris (ed.), Public Sentinel: News Media and Governance Reform, 111–36.Washington, DC: World Bank.</ref> at “[[ika-apat na estado]]” ang midya, na nakatutulong sa pagpapanatili ng sistema ng kontrol at katatagan (''checks and balances'') na kinakailangan ng demokratikong pamamahala.<ref name="Flor2005">{{Cite thesis |last=Flor |first=Alexander Gonzalez |title=The Fifth Theory of the Press |url=https://www.academia.edu/178798/The_Fifth_Theory_of_the_Press |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Severino2003">{{cite book|last=Quintos de Jesus|first=Melinda|title=Whither the Philippines in the 21st Century?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XCBqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT104|date=August 1, 2003|publisher=Flipside Digital Content Company Inc.|isbn=978-981-4517-58-4|pages=104–|editor-last1=Severino |editor-first1=Rodolfo |editor-last2=Salazar |editor-first2=Lorraine Carlos| chapter=The Philippine Press: A Study in Contrasts and Contradictions}}</ref>


Sa kabila nito, palaging niraranggo ang bansa bilang isa sa mga pinakamapanganib na bansa sa mundo para sa mga mamamahayag.<ref name="DiplomatWar">{{Cite news |last=Hunt |first=Luke |title=Duterte’s Media War in the Philippines |language=en-US |url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/09/dutertes-media-war-in-the-philippines/ |access-date=May 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Dancel|first1=Raul|date=November 2, 2018|title=Philippines: Most dangerous place for journalists in Asia|work=[[The Straits Times]]|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/most-dangerous-place-for-journalists-in-asia|url-status=live|accessdate=May 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bagayas |first1=Samantha |title=Philippines deadliest country for journalists in Southeast Asia – IFJ |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/219393-philippines-deadliest-country-journalists-southeast-asia-ifj |accessdate=May 8, 2020 |work=[[Rappler]] |date=December 21, 2018}}</ref> Noong Mayo 2020, bumaba ito sa ika-136 puwesto (sa 180 bansa) sa Talatuntunan ng Pandaigdigang Kalayaan ng Pamamahayag (''World Press Freedom Index''), mas mababa ng dalawang puwesto.<ref name="RSF2020a">{{cite web |title=2020 World Press Freedom Index: “Entering a decisive decade for journalism, exacerbated by coronavirus” |url=https://rsf.org/en/2020-world-press-freedom-index-entering-decisive-decade-journalism-exacerbated-coronavirus |website=Reporters Without Borders |accessdate=May 8, 2020}}</ref>
Sa kabila nito, palaging niraranggo ang bansa bilang isa sa mga pinakamapanganib na bansa sa mundo para sa mga mamamahayag.<ref name="DiplomatWar">{{Cite news |last=Hunt |first=Luke |title=Duterte’s Media War in the Philippines |language=en-US |url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/09/dutertes-media-war-in-the-philippines/ |access-date=May 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Dancel|first1=Raul|date=November 2, 2018|title=Philippines: Most dangerous place for journalists in Asia|work=[[The Straits Times]]|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/most-dangerous-place-for-journalists-in-asia|url-status=live|accessdate=May 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bagayas |first1=Samantha |title=Philippines deadliest country for journalists in Southeast Asia – IFJ |url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/219393-philippines-deadliest-country-journalists-southeast-asia-ifj |accessdate=May 8, 2020 |work=[[Rappler]] |date=December 21, 2018}}</ref> Noong Mayo 2020, bumaba ito sa ika-136 puwesto (sa 180 bansa) sa Pandaigdigang Talatuntunan ng Kalayaan ng Pamamahayag (''World Press Freedom Index''), mas mababa ng dalawang puwesto.<ref name="RSF2020a">{{cite web |title=2020 World Press Freedom Index: “Entering a decisive decade for journalism, exacerbated by coronavirus” |url=https://rsf.org/en/2020-world-press-freedom-index-entering-decisive-decade-journalism-exacerbated-coronavirus |website=Reporters Without Borders |accessdate=May 8, 2020}}</ref>


Binatikos ang kautusan ng pagsasara ng mga grupong pang-midya at samahang panlipunan bilang kawalan ng demokrasya, malayang pagpapahayag at kalayaan sa pamamahayag.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A loss of democracy: NUJP chair hits NTC cease and desist order vs. ABS-CBN|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/05/20/a-loss-of-democracy-nujp-chair-hits-ntc-cease-and-desist-order-vs-abs-cbn|last=|first=|date=May 5, 2020|website=ABS-CBN News|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=May 9, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Baguio groups show support for ABS-CBN|url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1855545|last=Catajan|first=Maria Elena|date=May 7, 2020|website=Sunstar|language=English|access-date=May 9, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Press Freedom Further Restricted Amid Covid-19 Pandemic|url=https://pcij.org/article/4009/state-of-media-freedom-in-ph-2|last=|first=|date=May 4, 2020|website=PCIJ|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=May 9, 2020}}</ref>
Binatikos ang kautusan ng pagsasara ng mga grupong pang-midya at samahang panlipunan bilang kawalan ng demokrasya, malayang pagpapahayag at kalayaan sa pamamahayag.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A loss of democracy: NUJP chair hits NTC cease and desist order vs. ABS-CBN|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/05/20/a-loss-of-democracy-nujp-chair-hits-ntc-cease-and-desist-order-vs-abs-cbn|last=|first=|date=May 5, 2020|website=ABS-CBN News|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=May 9, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Baguio groups show support for ABS-CBN|url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph//article/1855545|last=Catajan|first=Maria Elena|date=May 7, 2020|website=Sunstar|language=English|access-date=May 9, 2020}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Press Freedom Further Restricted Amid Covid-19 Pandemic|url=https://pcij.org/article/4009/state-of-media-freedom-in-ph-2|last=|first=|date=May 4, 2020|website=PCIJ|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=May 9, 2020}}</ref>

Pagbabago noong 13:48, 13 Mayo 2020

Kontrobersiya sa pagpapanibago ng prangkisa ng ABS-CBN
Ang ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center sa Lungsod Quezon, na nagsisilbing punong himpilan ng ABS-CBN Corporation
Petsa5 Mayo 2020–kasalukuyan
Kilala rin bilangPaghinto sa brodkast ng ABS-CBN
Dahilan
  • Mga kontrobersiya sa pagsasahimpapawid ng patalastas noong panahon ng halalan ng 2016
  • Mapunahing pamamahayag sa gawain ng pamahalaan at ni Pangulong Rodrigo Duterte
  • Ipinaparatang na paglabag sa umiiral na prangkisa sa pag-brodkast
Mga sangkot
Kinalabasan
  • Napaso noong 4 Mayo 2020 ang prangkisa sa pag-brodkast ng ABS-CBN, habana nakabinbin sa Kongreso ang pagpapanibago nito
  • Nagbigay sa ABS-CBN ang Pambansang Komisyon sa Telekomunikasyon ng kautusang cease and desist, na nagpapahinto sa mga operasyong pambrodkast nito noong 5 Mayo
  • Naghain ng mga petisyon sa Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas ang ABS-CBN Corporation noong 7 Mayo, na balak ipawalang-bisa ang kautusang cease and desist ng NTC

Tumutukoy ang kontrobersiya sa pagpapanibago ng prangkisa ng ABS-CBN sa 'di-pagpapanibago ng prangkisang pambatas ng ABS-CBN,[1][2] isa sa mga pinakamatanda at pinakamakaimpluwensiyang kalambatan ng midya (media network) sa Pilipinas.[3] Humantong ito sa pagkawalang-bisa ng prangkisa nito noong 4 Mayo 2020, at ang pansamantalang paghinto sa pag-brodkast ng kalambatan sa susunod na araw,[4] makatapos itong atasan ng Pambansang Komisyon sa Telekomunikasyon (NTC) sa bisa ng isang kautusang cease and desist ("tumigil at huminto") na may kinalaman sa pagkawalang-bisa ng mismong prangkisa.[1]

Mula 2014, humiling ang kalambatan sa pagpapanibago ng prangkisa nito sa bisa ng mga panukalang batas na nakabinbin sa Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan, ngunit hindi ito inaksiyunan ng Ika-16, 17 at 18 Kongreso ng Pilipinas.[1][2] Ibinandera ng mga grupong pang-midya sa Pilipinas,[2] at ng midya sa labas ng bansa,[1][4] ang kontrobersiya bilang isyu ng kalayaan ng pamamahayag dahil sa paulit-ulit na pagpuna ni Pangulong Rodrigo Duterte, na kung saan may supermayorya ang kaniyang mga kaalyado sa magkaparehong kapulungan ng Kongreso,[5][6] sa pamamahayag ng brodkaster.[7] Dati rin niyang idineklara na hindi mapapanibago ang prangkisa nito.[8]

Ang paghinto sa pagbrodkast ng ABS-CBN ay ang kauna-unahang beses na naghinto ang pagbrodkast nito mula pa noong 1986, kung saan nagbukas muli ito makatapos itong isara noong 1972 sa panahon ng batas militar.[1] Nakabitin din ang seguridad ng 11,000 manggagawa ng ABS-CBN na mananatili ang kanilang mga trabaho habang panahon ng pandemya ng COVID-19 sa Pilipinas.[1][4]

Sanligan

Pangangailangan ng prangkisa upang magpatakbo ng mga himpilan ng telebisyon at radyo

Ayon sa itinakda ng Batas Blg. 3846 o ang Radio Control Act, na itinakda noong 1932, kailangan ng mga kalambatang pambrodkast na kumuha ng prangkisang pambatas upang magpatakbo ng mga himpilan ng telebisyon at radyo, na karaniwang tumatagal ng 25 taon.[54] Huling binigyan ang ABS-CBN, na unang itinatag noong 13 Hunyo 1946 at unang nagbrodkast sa telebsyon noong 23 Oktubre 1953, ng 25-taong pagpapalawig ng prangkisa nito noong 30 Marso 1995 sa bisa ng Batas Republika Blg. 7966 (ngunit kalaunang ipinatupad mula 4 Mayo 1995). Napawalang-bisa ito noong 4 Mayo 2020, na pinatilihan ng Kagawaran ng Katarungan.[55]

Mga isyu sa kalayaan ng pamamahayag at demokrasya

Ipinagmamalaki ang Pilipinas bilang bansang may "pinakamalaya at pinakamasiglang pamamahayag" sa Asya,[56][57][58] kung saan itinuturing na tagapagbantay[59] at “ika-apat na estado” ang midya, na nakatutulong sa pagpapanatili ng sistema ng kontrol at katatagan (checks and balances) na kinakailangan ng demokratikong pamamahala.[60][61]

Sa kabila nito, palaging niraranggo ang bansa bilang isa sa mga pinakamapanganib na bansa sa mundo para sa mga mamamahayag.[62][63][64] Noong Mayo 2020, bumaba ito sa ika-136 puwesto (sa 180 bansa) sa Pandaigdigang Talatuntunan ng Kalayaan ng Pamamahayag (World Press Freedom Index), mas mababa ng dalawang puwesto.[65]

Binatikos ang kautusan ng pagsasara ng mga grupong pang-midya at samahang panlipunan bilang kawalan ng demokrasya, malayang pagpapahayag at kalayaan sa pamamahayag.[66][67][68]

Naitala ng mga tagapagbantay sa midya tulad ng Reporters Without Borders,[69] Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility,[70] Amnesty International,[71] Photojournalists' Center of the Philippines (PCP), Foreign Correspondents Association of the Philippines (FOCAP), at Consortium on Democracy and Disinformation (D&D)[72] ang pagtaas sa mga sari-spring uri ng pag-atake laban sa pamamahayag mula noong nailuklok ang administrasyong Duterte noong 2016 – kung saan naging mga partikular na tudlaan ang Philippine Daily Inquirer, Rappler, mga organisasyon sa midya na 'di-kumikinabang tulad ng Vera Files at Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism, at ABS-CBN dahil sa pagbabalitang mapamintas sa administrasyon.[72][62][73]

Nagpahayag ang karamihan sa mga tagapagbantay na ito[72] kung saan inilagay ang pagpapatigil sa pag-brodkast ng ABS-CBN sa kontesksto ng mapamaraang pag-atake laban sa kalayaan sa pamamahayag sa Pilipinas.[72][73] Inilagay din ito ng mga ilang grupo sa konteksto ng mga pag-atake at panggugulo na nakatuon sa mga nagbabatikos sa pamahalaan.[74][68]

Merkado ng ABS-CBN

Kinikilala ang kalambatang pagbrodkast ng ABS-CBN bilang isa sa mga pinakamatanda at pinakamaimpluwensiyang kalambatan ng midya sa Pilipinas, na pinatatakbo ng pamilyang Lopez.[3] Nanggagaling ang halos 50 hanggang 60 porsiyento ng kabuuang taunang kita ng grupo sa pagbebenta ng oras sa pagsasahimpawid ng mga ari-arian nito sa telebisyon at radyo sa mga tagapatalastas. Nanggagaling ang natitirang kita mula sa panininda sa pamamagitan ng pamamahagi ng mga kanal nito sa telebisyong de-kable at pandaigdig, pati na rin ang mga operasyon ng over-the-top platform services, at isang sentro ng libanganng pampamilya sa Taguig. Ayon sa Komisyon sa Kompetisyon ng Pilipinas, kinontrol ng ABS-CBN Corporation ang "halos sa pagitan ng 31% at 44%" ng kabuuang merkado sa telebisyon ng Pilipinas pagsapit ng 2020.[75]

Talasanggunian

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Cabato, Regine (5 Mayo 2020). "Philippines orders its largest broadcaster off the air as nation fights virus". The Washington Post (sa Ingles). Nakuha noong 6 Mayo 2020.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Congressional Franchises as a Weapon to Defeat a Free Press". Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility. 17 Hunyo 2016. Inarkibo mula sa ang orihinal noong 2 Setyembre 2016. Nakuha noong 6 Mayo 2020.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Gomez, Jim (5 Mayo 2020). "Philippines Orders Leading TV Network to Shut Down as Watchdogs Accuse President of Muzzling Independent Media". Time (sa Ingles). Nakuha noong 7 Mayo 2020.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Gutierrez, Jason (5 Mayo 2020). "Leading Philippine Broadcaster, Target of Duterte's Ire, Forced Off the Air". The New York Times (sa Ingles). ISSN 0362-4331. Nakuha noong 7 Mayo 2020.
  5. Gutierrez, Jason (14 Mayo 2019). "Philippines Election: Duterte Allies Sweep Senate, Unofficial Results Indicate". The New York Times (sa Ingles). ISSN 0362-4331. Nakuha noong 7 Mayo 2020.
  6. Corrales, Nestor (19 Hulyo 2019). "Palace on impeach raps: Duterte has supermajority in Congress" (sa Ingles). Nakuha noong 7 Mayo 2020.
  7. "Philippines' top broadcaster ordered off air". BBC News (sa Ingles). 5 Mayo 2020. Nakuha noong 7 Mayo 2020.
  8. Aurelio, Julie M.; Inquirer Research (4 Disyembre 2019). "I'll see to it that you're out, President tells ABS-CBN". Inquirer.net. Nakuha noong 25 Enero 2020. "Your franchise will end next year. If you are expecting that it will be renewed, I'm sorry. You're out. I will see to it that you're out," he said, addressing ABS-CBN.
  9. Padron:Cite act
  10. "House Bill No. 4997" (PDF). Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  11. 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 Abad, Michelle. "TIMELINE: Duterte against ABS-CBN's franchise renewal". Rappler. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  12. Ranada, Pia (Mayo 6, 2016). "Anti-Duterte ad by Trillanes riles up Duterte supporters". Rappler. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  13. "Cayetano gets TRO vs anti-Duterte ad". ABS-CBN News. Mayo 6, 2016. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  14. "House Bill No. 4349" (PDF). Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  15. Ranada, Pia (Marso 30, 2017). "Duterte tells 'rude' media: Beware of 'karma'". Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  16. "House Bill No. 8163" (PDF). Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  17. "Duterte says he will object to renewal of ABS-CBN franchise". CNN Philippines. Nobyembre 9, 2018. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020. Yung franchise ninyo, matatapos. But let me ask you questions first. Kasi ako talaga mag-object na marenew kayo.
  18. "House Bill No. 00676" (PDF). Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  19. 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 Lopez, Melissa Luz. "TIMELINE: ABS-CBN franchise". CNN Philippines. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  20. "House Bill No. 3521" (PDF). Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  21. "House Bill No. 3713" (PDF). Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  22. "House Bill No. 3947" (PDF). Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  23. "Senate Bill No. 981 RENEWING THE FRANCHISE GRANTED TO ABS-CBN BROADCASTING CORPORATION". Agosto 28, 2019. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  24. "House Bill No. 4305" (PDF). Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  25. "House Bill No. 5608" (PDF). Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  26. "House Bill No. 5705" (PDF). Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  27. "House Bill No. 5753" (PDF). Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  28. Rey, Aika (Disyembre 30, 2019). "Duterte to ABS-CBN: Better to sell the network". Rappler. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020. Itong ABS, mag-expire ang contract ninyo. Magrenew kayo, ewan ko lang kung may mangyari diyan. Kung ako sa inyo, ipagbili 'nyo na 'yan
  29. "Resolution No. 639" (PDF). Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  30. Mercado, Neil Arwin (Pebrero 17, 2020). "Nearly 100 solons want House panel to now tackle ABS-CBN's franchise renewal". INQUIRER.NET. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  31. 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 Esguerra, Christian (Mayo 4, 2020). "TIMELINE: Will ABS-CBN get a new broadcast franchise?". ABS-CBN news. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  32. "House Bill No. 6052" (PDF). Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  33. "House Bill No. 6138" (PDF). Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  34. Esguerra, Christian; Navallo, Mike (Pebrero 10, 2020). "Solicitor General questions ABS-CBN franchise before Supreme Court". ABS-CBN news. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  35. Esguerra, Christian (Pebrero 10, 2020). "Quo warranto Calida's weapon of choice vs Duterte critics?". ABS-CBN news. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  36. "House Bill No. 6293" (PDF). Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  37. Punzalan, Jamaine (Pebrero 14, 2020). "Speaker Cayetano: ABS-CBN franchise bills 'not that urgent'". ABS-CBN news. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  38. "Drilon seeks to extend ABS-CBN franchise to end of 2022". senate.gov.ph. Pebrero 17, 2020. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  39. Domingo, Katrina (Pebrero 17, 2020). "Drilon files joint resolution extending ABS-CBN's franchise until 2022". ABS-CBN news. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  40. "SolGen asks Supreme Court to issue gag order vs ABS-CBN". ABS-CBN news. Pebrero 18, 2020. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  41. Dela Cruz, Divina (Marso 8, 2020). "ABS-CBN Franchise Timeline". Manila Times. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  42. Esguerra, Christian (Marso 10, 2020). "NTC to lawmakers: ABS-CBN can continue broadcast on provisional authority". ABS-CBN news. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020. May I assure this committee that barring a gross violation of its franchise of the NTC rules and regulations, the NTC will follow the latest advice of the DOJ (Department of Justice) and let ABS-CBN continue operations based on equity.
  43. "WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 Marso 2020". World Health Organization. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020. WHO has been assessing this outbreak around the clock and we are deeply concerned both by the alarming levels of spread and severity, and by the alarming levels of inaction. We have therefore made the assessment that COVID-19 can be characterized as a pandemic.
  44. Talabong, Rambo (Marso 12, 2020). "Metro Manila to be placed on lockdown due to coronavirus outbreak". Rappler. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  45. "World Press Freedom Day". UNESCO. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong Mayo 8, 2020. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  46. "Calida warns NTC against granting provisional authority to ABS-CBN". Rappler. Mayo 3, 2020. Nakuha noong Mayo 7, 2020.
  47. Al S. Vitangcol III (2020-05-16). "SC bound to deny ABS-CBN petition". The Manila Times (sa Ingles). Nakuha noong 2020-06-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  48. Robie de Guzman (2020-05-19). "SC directs NTC, Congress to answer ABS-CBN vs closure order". UNTV News (sa Ingles). Nakuha noong 2020-06-25 – sa pamamagitan ng Yahoo! News Philippines.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  49. Nakpil, Danielle (30 Hunyo 2020). "NTC stops broadcasts of Sky Direct, ABS-CBN's TV Plus channels in Metro Manila". CNN Philippines (sa Ingles). Nakuha noong 17 Hulyo 2020.
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  52. Cervantes, Filane Mikee (10 Hulyo 2020). "House panel junks ABS-CBN's bid for a 25-year franchise". Philippine News Agency. Inarkibo mula sa ang orihinal noong 10 Hulyo 2020. Nakuha noong 10 Hulyo 2020.
  53. Cervantes, Filane Mikee (10 Hulyo 2020). "Several issues led to denial of ABS-CBN franchise bid: House body". Philippine News Agency. Inarkibo mula sa ang orihinal noong 10 Hulyo 2020. Nakuha noong 10 Hulyo 2020.
  54. ACWS-UBN v. NTC, 445 Phil. 621 (February 17, 2003).
  55. "ABS-CBN franchise to expire on May 4, 2020 – DOJ". CNN Philippines. February 24, 2020. Nakuha noong May 7, 2020.
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