Tingnan ang wikitext ng Digmaang Biyetnam

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Vietnam War
| partof            = mga Digmaang Indotsina at [[Digmaang Malamig]] sa [[Asya]]
| image             = {{multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=2/2/2|total_width=300
| image1= U.S. Army UH-1H Hueys insert ARVN troops at Khâm Đức, Vietnam, 12 July 1970 (79431435).jpg
| alt1=
| image2=Pavnbattle.jpg
| alt2=
| image3=Hue Massacre Interment.jpg
| alt3=
| image4=Flame Thrower. Operation New Castle. - NARA - 532488.tif
| alt4=
| image5=A-4C Skyhawks of VA-146 fly past USS Kearsarge (CVS-33) in the South China Sea on 12 August 1964 (USN 1107965).jpg
| alt5=
| image6=Execution of Nguyen Van Lem.jpg
| alt6=}}'''Paikot sa kanan mula sa itaas na kaliwa:''' {{flatlist|
* Mga Amerikanong [[helikopter]] na Huey na pinapasok ang mga tropang Hukbo ng Republika ng Biyetnam, 1970.
* Mga sundalong Hilagang Biyetnames na nasa aksyon {{circa|1966}}.
* Gumamit ang mga marinong Amerikano ng ''flamethrower'' (sandatang bumubuga ng apoy), 1967.
* Binitay ni Heneral Nguyễn Ngọc Loan ng Timog Biyetnam ang opisyal ng Viet Cong na si Nguyễn Văn Lém noong Opensibang Tet.
* Dalawang Douglas A-4C Skyhawk na lumilipad sa itaas ng kontra-submarinong tapagpadala ng sasakyang panghimpapawid na USS Kearsarge (CVS-33), 1964.
* Nilibing ang mga namatay na sibilyan mula sa Masaker sa Huế.
}}
| date              = 1 Nobyembre 1955 – 30 Abril 1975<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=11|day1=1|year1=1955|month2=04|day2=30|year2=1975}}){{Refn|Dahil sa maagang presensya ng mga tropang Estados Unidos sa Biyetnam, pinagtatalunan ang simula ng Digmaang Biyetnam. Noong 1998, pagkatapos ng mataas na antas ng pagrepaso ng Departmento ng Depensa (DoD) at sa pamamagitan ng mga pagsisikap ng pamilya ni Richard B. Fitzgibbon, opisyal na nabago ang simula ng Digmaang Biyetnam sa 1 Nobyembre 1955 sang-ayon sa [[pamahalaan ng Estados Unidos]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Name of Technical Sergeant Richard B. Fitzgibbon to be added to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial |publisher=Department of Defense (DoD) |url=http://www.defense.gov/Releases/Release.aspx?ReleaseID=1902 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020044326/http://www.defense.gov/Releases/Release.aspx?ReleaseID=1902 |archive-date=20 October 2013}}</ref> Kasalukuyang binabanggit sa mga ulat ng pamahalaan ng Estados Unidos ang 1 Nobyembre 1955 bilang simulang petsa ng "Labanang Biyetnam", dahil minarkahan ng petsang ito nang ang ''Military Assistance Advisory Group'' (MAAG) ng Estados Unidos sa Indotsina (ipinakalat sa [[Timog-silangang Asya]] sa ilalim ni [[Pangulo ng Estados Unidos|Pangulo]] [[Harry Truman]] ng Estados Unidos) ay muling inorganisa sa mga yunit partikular sa bansa at naitatag ang MAAG sa Biyetnam.<ref name="Lawrence">{{Cite book |last=Lawrence |first=A.T. |title=Crucible Vietnam: Memoir of an Infantry Lieutenant |publisher=McFarland |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-7864-4517-2|language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|20}}
Kabilang sa ibang simulang petsa ay nang inawtorisa ng Hanoi ang puwersa Viet Cong sa Timog Biyetnam upang simulan ang mababang-antas na insurhensiya noong Disyembre 1956,{{Sfn|Olson|Roberts|2008|p=67}} samantalang may iba na tinitingnan ang 26 Setyembre 1959, nang naganap ang unang labanan sa pagita ng Viet Cong at ang hukbong Timog Biyetnames, bilang simulang petsa.<ref name="WarBegan">{{Cite book |title=The Pentagon Papers (Gravel Edition), Volume 1 |publisher=Beacon Press |year=1971 |location=Boston |at=Section 3, pp. 314–346 |chapter=Chapter 5, Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 1954–1960 |access-date=17 Agosto 2008 |chapter-url=http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent14.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019184424/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent14.htm |archive-date=19 Oktubre 2017 |url-status=dead |via=International Relations Department, Mount Holyoke College}}</ref> |group="A"|name="start date"}}<ref name="mtholyoke.edu" />
| place             = {{flatlist|
*Timog Biyetnam
*[[Hilagang Vietnam]]
*[[Kambodya]]
*[[Laos]]
*[[Timog Dagat Tsina]]
*Gulpo ng Taylandiya (umapaw ang labanan sa [[Tsina]], at [[Taylandiya]])}}
| territory         = Muling Pag-iisa ng [[Hilagang Biyetnam]] at Timog Biyetnam sa [[Vietnam|Republika Sosyalista ng Biyetnam]] noong 1976
| result            = Tagumpay ng Hilagang Biyetnam at Viet Cong/Probisyunal na Pamahalaan ng Republika ng Timog Korea
* Pagtanggal ng mga koalisyong puwersa ng Estados Unidos mula Biyetnam noong 1973 pagkatapos ng Kasunduang Paris para sa Kapayapaan
* Naluklok sa kapangyarihan ang mga puwersang komunista sa Timog Biyetnam, Kambodya at Laos
* Simula ng mga krisis ng taong bangka at repuhiyado
* Simula ng henosidyo Kamboyano at ang Ikatlong Digmaang Indotsina
| combatant2        = {{Plainlist}}
* {{Flagdeco|South Vietnam}} Timog Biyetnam
* {{Flagdeco|United States|1960}} Estados Unidos
* {{Flagcountry|Third Republic of Korea}}
* {{Flag|Australia}}
* {{Flag|New Zealand}}
* {{Flag|Kingdom of Laos|name=Laos}}
* {{Flagdeco|Cambodia}} Kambodya (1967–1970)
* {{Nowrap|{{Flagdeco|Cambodia|1970}} Republikang Khmer (1970–1975)}}
* {{Flag|Thailand|1932|name=Taylandiya}}
* {{Flagcountry|Fourth Philippine Republic}}
{{Endplainlist}}
| combatant1        = {{Plainlist}}
* {{Flagdeco|North Vietnam}} Hilagang Biyetnam
* {{Flagdeco|Republic of South Vietnam}} [[Viet Cong]] at PRG
* {{Flagdeco|Laos}} Pathet Lao
* {{Flagdeco|Cambodia|1975}} Khmer Rohos
* {{Nowrap|{{Flagdeco|Cambodia|1973}} GRUNK (1970–1975)}}
* {{Flagicon|China}} Tsina
* {{Flag|Soviet Union|1955}}
* {{Flag|North Korea|1948}}
{{Endplainlist}}
| strength1         = '''≈860,000 (1967)'''
{{Plainlist}}
* {{Flagdeco|North Vietnam}} '''Hilagang Biyetnam:'''<br />690,000 (1966, kabilang ang  Hukbong Bayan ng Biyetnam at Viet Cong).{{Refn|group="A"|Sang-ayon sa opisyal na kasaysayan ng Hanoi, isang sangay ang Viet Cong ng Hukbong Bayan ng Biyetnam.<ref>{{Harvnb|Military History Institute of Vietnam|2002|p=182}}. "By the end of 1966 the total strength of our armed forces was 690,000 soldiers." (sa Ingles)</ref>}}
* {{Flagdeco|Republic of South Vietnam}} '''Viet Cong:'''<br />{{Nowrap|~200,000 (tinaya, 1968)}}<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Doyle |first1=Edward |title=The Vietnam Experience The North |last2=Lipsman |first2=Samuel |last3=Maitland |first3=Terence |publisher=Time Life Education |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-939526-21-5 |pages=45–49|language=en}}</ref>
* {{Flagdeco|China|1949}} '''Tsina:'''<br />170,000 (1968)<br />320,000 kabuuan<ref name="Toledo Blade 320,000 Chinese troops"/><ref name="Roy">{{Cite book |last=Roy |first=Denny |url=https://archive.org/details/chinasforeignrel0000royd/page/27 |title=China's Foreign Relations |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8476-9013-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/chinasforeignrel0000royd/page/27 27]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Womack">{{Cite book |last=Womack |first=Brantly |title=China and Vietnam |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-521-61834-2 |page=[{{GBurl|id=GaZvX2BzeegC|p=176}} 179]|publisher=Cambridge University Press |language=en}}</ref>
* {{Flagdeco|Cambodia|1975}} '''Khmer Rohos:'''<br />70,000 (1972)<ref name="Tucker">{{Cite book |last=Tucker |first=Spencer C |title=The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-85109-960-3|language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|376}}
* {{Flagdeco|Laos}} '''Pathet Lao:'''<br />48,000 (1970)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Area Handbook Series Laos |url=http://www.country-data.com/frd/cs/laos/la_glos.html#Lao |access-date=1 Nobyembre 2019|language=en}}</ref>
* {{Flagdeco|Soviet Union}} '''Unyong Sobyet:''' ~3,000<ref>{{Cite book |last=O'Ballance |first=Edgar |title=Tracks of the bear: Soviet imprints in the seventies |url=https://archive.org/details/tracksofbearsovi0000obal |publisher=Presidio |year=1982 |isbn=978-0-89141-133-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/tracksofbearsovi0000obal/page/171 171]|language=en}}</ref>
* {{Flagdeco|North Korea|1948}} '''Hilagang Korea:''' 200<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pham Thi Thu Thuy |date=1 Agosto 2013 |title=The colorful history of North Korea-Vietnam relations |work=NK News |url=https://www.nknews.org/2013/08/the-colorful-history-of-north-korea-vietnam-relations/ |access-date=3 Oktubre 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424055821/http://www.nknews.org/2013/08/the-colorful-history-of-north-korea-vietnam-relations/|archive-date=Abril 24, 2015|language=en}}</ref>
{{Endplainlist}}
| strength2         = '''≈1,420,000 (1968)'''
{{Plainlist}}
* {{Flagdeco|South Vietnam}} '''Timog Biyetnam:'''<br />850,000 (1968)<br />1,500,000 (1974–1975)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Le Gro |first=William |url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/090/90-29/CMH_Pub_90-29.pdf |title=Vietnam from ceasefire to capitulation |publisher=US Army Center of Military History |year=1985 |isbn=978-1-4102-2542-9 |page=28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202012033/https://history.army.mil/html/books/090/90-29/CMH_Pub_90-29.pdf|archive-date=Pebrero 2, 2023|language=en}}</ref>
* {{Flagdeco|United States|1960}} '''Estados Unidos:'''<br />2,709,918 nagsisilbi sa kabuuan sa Biyetnam<br />Tugatog: 543,000 (Abril 1969)<ref name=Tucker/>{{Rp|xlv}}
* {{Flagdeco|Cambodia|1970}} '''Republikang Khmer:'''<br />200,000 (1973)
* {{Flagdeco|Laos|1952}} '''Laos:'''<br />72,000 (Hukbong Real ng milisyang Hmong)<ref>{{Cite web |title=The rise of Communism |url=http://www.footprinttravelguides.com/c/4999/the-rise-of-communism |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101117114707/http://footprinttravelguides.com/c/4999/the-rise-of-communism/ |archive-date=17 November 2010 |access-date=31 May 2018 |website=www.footprinttravelguides.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hmong rebellion in Laos |url=http://members.ozemail.com.au/~yeulee/Topical/Hmong%20rebellion%20in%20Laos.html |access-date=11 Abril 2021 |website=Members.ozemail.com.au|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404230156/http://members.ozemail.com.au/~yeulee/Topical/Hmong%20rebellion%20in%20Laos.html|archive-date=Abril 4, 2023|language=en}}</ref>
* {{Flagdeco|Third Republic of Korea}} '''Timog Korea:'''<br />48,000 bawat taon (1965–1973, 320,000 kabuuan)
* {{Flagdeco|Thailand|1939}} '''Taylandiya:''' 32,000 bawat taon (1965–1973)<br />(sa Biyetnam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vietnam War Allied Troop Levels 1960–73 |url=http://www.americanwarlibrary.com/vietnam/vwatl.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802134052/http://www.americanwarlibrary.com/vietnam/vwatl.htm |archive-date=2 Agosto 2016 |access-date=2 Agosto 2016|language=en}}, hinango noong 7 Nobyembre 2017</ref>)
* {{Flagdeco|Australia}} '''Australya:''' 50,190 kabuuan<br />(Tugatog: 8,300 tropang lumalaban)<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Doyle |first1=Jeff |last2=Grey |first2=Jeffrey |last3=Pierce |first3=Peter |date=2002 |title=Australia's Vietnam War – A Select Chronology of Australian Involvement in the Vietnam War |url=https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/14206/3/14206_Doyle_et_al_2002_Back_Pages.pdf |publisher=Texas A&M University Press|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110165929/https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/14206/3/14206_Doyle_et_al_2002_Back_Pages.pdf|archive-date=Nobyembre 10, 2022|language=en}}</ref>
* {{Flagdeco|New Zealand}} '''[[Bagong Selandya]]:''' Tugatog: 552 noong 1968<ref name=Blackburn>{{cite book|last=Blackburn|first=Robert M.|title=Mercenaries and Lyndon Johnson's "More Flage": The Hiring of Korean, Filipino, and Thai Soldiers in the Vietnam War|url=https://archive.org/details/mercenarieslyndo0000blac|language=en|publisher=McFarland|year=1994|isbn=0-89950-931-2}}</ref>{{rp|158}}
* {{Flagdeco|Fourth Philippine Republic}} '''Pilipinas:''' 2,061
{{Endplainlist}}
| commander1        = {{Plainlist}}
* {{Flagicon|North Vietnam}} [[Ho Chi Minh|Hồ Chí Minh]]
* {{Flagicon|North Vietnam}} Lê Duẩn
* {{Flagicon|North Vietnam}} Võ Nguyên Giáp
* {{Flagicon|North Vietnam}} Phạm Văn Đồng
* {{Flagdeco|South Vietnam|1975}} Trần Văn Trà
* ''...{{Nbsp}}at iba pa''
{{Endplainlist}}
| commander2        = {{Plainlist}}
* {{Flagicon|South Vietnam}} Ngô Đình Diệm{{Assassinated|Aresto at pagpaslang ni Ngo Dinh Diem}} {{Refn|1955–1963| group="A"}}
* {{Flagicon|South Vietnam}} Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
* {{Flagicon|South Vietnam}} Nguyễn Cao Kỳ
* {{Flagicon|US|1960}} [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]{{Refn|1963–1969| group="A"}}
* {{Flagicon|US|1960}} [[Richard Nixon]]
* {{Flagicon|US|1960}} Robert McNamara
* {{Nowrap|{{Flagicon|US|1960}} [[William Westmoreland]]}}{{Refn|1964–1968| group="A"}}
* {{Flagicon|US|1960}} Creighton Abrams
* ''...{{Nbsp}}at iba pa''
{{Endplainlist}}
| casualties1       = {{Plainlist}}
* {{Flagdeco|North Vietnam}}{{Flagdeco|Republic of South Vietnam}} '''Hilagang Biyetnam & Viet Cong'''<br />30,000–182,000 patay na sibilyan<ref name=Tucker/>{{Rp|176}}<ref name="Hirschman"/><ref name=Lewy/>{{Rp|450–453}}<ref name=bfvietnam>{{Cite web |title=Battlefield:Vietnam – Timeline |url=http://www.pbs.org/battlefieldvietnam/timeline/index2.html |publisher=PBS|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604101618/http://www.pbs.org/battlefieldvietnam/timeline/index2.html|archive-date=Hunyo 4, 2023}}</ref><br />849,018 patay na militar (ayon sa Biyetnam; 1/3 kamatayan na mga di-lumalaban)<ref name="Moyar, Mark" /><ref name="Chuyen">{{Cite web |title=Chuyên đề 4 CÔNG TÁC TÌM KIẾM, QUY TẬP HÀI CỐT LIỆT SĨ TỪ NAY ĐẾN NĂM 2020 VÀ NHỮNG NĂM TIẾP THEO |url=http://datafile.chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/Qu%E1%BA%A3n%20l%C3%BD%20ch%E1%BB%89%20%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o/Chuy%C3%AAn%20%C4%91%E1%BB%81%204.doc |access-date=11 Abril 2021 |website=Datafile.chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404230151/http://datafile.chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/Qu%E1%BA%A3n%20l%C3%BD%20ch%E1%BB%89%20%C4%91%E1%BA%A1o/Chuy%C3%AAn%20%C4%91%E1%BB%81%204.doc|archive-date=Abril 4, 2023|language=vi}}</ref><ref name="VNMOD">{{Cite web |title=Công tác tìm kiếm, quy tập hài cốt liệt sĩ từ nay đến năm 2020 và những năn tiếp theo |trans-title=The work of searching and collecting the remains of martyrs from now to 2020 and the next |url=http://chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/tinbai/309/Tap-huan-cong-tac-chinh-sach |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217065036/http://chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/tinbai/309/Tap-huan-cong-tac-chinh-sach |archive-date=17 Disyembre 2018 |access-date=11 Hunyo 2018 |publisher=Ministry of Defence, Government of Vietnam |language=vi}}</ref><br />666,000–950,765 namatay<br />(taya ng Estados Unidos 1964–1974){{Refn|Paunang taya ng mas mataas na pigura, na inisip sa kalaunan na pinalobo na hindi bababa sa 30% (mas mababang pigura)<ref name=Hirschman/><ref name=Lewy/>{{Rp|450–453}}|name=USclaim|group=A}}<ref name=Hirschman/><ref name=Lewy/>{{Rp|450–451}}<br />232,000–300,000+ nawawalang militar (ayon sa Biyetnam)<ref name="Moyar, Mark">Moyar, Mark. "Triumph Regained: The Vietnam War, 1965–1968." Encounter Books, Disyembre 2022. Indeks ng Kabanata 17 sa Ingles: "Communists provided further corroboration of the proximity of their casualty figures to American figures in a postwar disclosure of total losses from 1960 to 1975. During that period, they stated, they lost 849,018 killed plus approximately 232,000 missing and 463,000 wounded. Casualties fluctuated considerably from year to year, but a degree of accuracy can be inferred from the fact that 500,000 was 59 percent of the 849,018 total and that 59 percent of the war's days had passed by the time of Fallaci's conversation with Giap. The killed in action figure comes from "Special Subject 4: The Work of Locating and Recovering the Remains of Martyrs From Now Until 2020 And Later Years," dinowload mula sa websayt pamahalaang Biyetnames na datafile noong 1 Disyembre 2017. Ang mga pigura sa itaas sa mga nawawala at nasugatan ay kinalkula gamit ang mga [[rasyo]] dineklerang nasawa sa panahon mula 1945 hanggang 1979, sa panahon na ang mga Komunista ay natamo ang 1.1 milyong pinatay, 300,000 nawawala, at 600,000 nasugatan. Ho Khang, ed, ''Lich Su Khang Chien Chong My, Cuu Nuoc 1954–1975, Tap VIII: Toan Thang'' (Hanoi: Nha Xuat Ban Chinh Tri Quoc Gia, 2008), 463." (sa Ingles)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Joseph Babcock |date=29 Abril 2019 |title=Lost Souls: The Search for Vietnam's 300,000 or More MIAs |url=https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/lost-souls-search-vietnams-300000-or-more-mias |access-date=28 Hunyo 2021 |website=Pulitzer Centre|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110165934/https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/lost-souls-search-vietnams-300000-or-more-mias|archive-date=Nobyembre 10, 2022|language=en}}</ref><br />600,000+ nasugatang militar<ref name="Hastings"/>{{Rp|739}}
* '''{{Flagdeco|Cambodia|1975}}''' '''Khmer Rohos:''' Di alam
* '''{{Flagicon|Laos}}''' '''Pathet Lao:''' Di alam
* '''{{Flagicon|China}} Tsina:''' ~1,100 namatay and 4,200 nasugatan<ref name=Womack/>
* '''{{Flagicon|Soviet Union}} Unyong Sobyet:''' 16 namatay<ref>{{Cite book |last1=James F. Dunnigan |title=Dirty Little Secrets of the Vietnam War: Military Information You're Not Supposed to Know |last2=Albert A. Nofi |publisher=Macmillan |year=2000 |language=en |isbn=978-0-312-25282-3 }}</ref>
* '''{{Flagicon|North Korea}} Hilagang Korea:''' 14 namatay<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 Marso 2000 |title=North Korea fought in Vietnam War |work=[[BBC News Online]] |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/696970.stm |access-date=18 Oktubre 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312063506/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/696970.stm|archive-date=Marso 12, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/publication/NKIDP_eDossier_2_North_Korean_Pilots_in_Vietnam_War.pdf|title=North Korean Pilots in the Skies over Vietnam|last=Pribbenow|first=Merle|publisher=Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars|date=Nobyembre 2011|language=en|access-date=3 Marso 2023|page=1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605173651/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/publication/NKIDP_eDossier_2_North_Korean_Pilots_in_Vietnam_War.pdf|archive-date=Hunyo 5, 2023}}</ref>
'''Kabuuang namatay/nawawalang militar:<br />≈1,100,000'''<br />'''Kabuuang nasugatang militar:<br />≈604,200'''<br />(kabilang ang GRUNK/Khmer Rouge at Pathet Lao)
{{Endplainlist}}
| casualties2       = {{Plainlist}}
* '''{{Flagicon|South Vietnam}} Timog Biyetnam:'''<br />195,000–430,000 namatay na sibilyan<ref name=Hirschman/><ref name="Lewy">{{Cite book |last=Lewy |first=Guenter |title=America in Vietnam |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1978 |language=en|isbn=978-0-19-987423-1 }}</ref>{{Rp|450–453}}<ref name="Thayer">{{Cite book |last=Thayer |first=Thomas C. |title=War Without Fronts: The American Experience in Vietnam |url=https://archive.org/details/warwithoutfronts0000thay |publisher=Westview Press |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-8133-7132-0|language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|}}<br />Namatay na militar: 313,000 (kabuuan)<ref name="Rummel">{{Citation |last=Rummel |first=R.J |title=Table 6.1A. Vietnam Democide : Estimates, Sources, and Calculations |url=http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB6.1A.GIF |work=Freedom, Democracy, Peace; Power, Democide, and War, University of Hawaii System |year=1997 |format=GIF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313125242/http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/SOD.TAB6.1A.GIF|archive-date=Marso 13, 2023|language=en}}</ref>{{Bulletedlist|254,256 namatay (sa pagitan ng 1960 at 1974)<ref name="Clarke">{{Cite book |last=Clarke |first=Jeffrey J. |title=United States Army in Vietnam: Advice and Support: The Final Years, 1965–1973 |publisher=Center of Military History, United States Army |year=1988 |quote=The Army of the Republic of Vietnam suffered 254,256 recorded combat deaths between 1960 and 1974, with the highest number of recorded deaths being in 1972, with 39,587 combat deaths|language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|275}}}}<br />1,170,000 nasugatang militar<ref name=Tucker/>{{Rp|}}<br />≈ 1,000,000 nabihag<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Fall of South Vietnam |url=https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/reports/2005/R2208.pdf |access-date=11 Abril 2021 |website=Rand.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129192039/https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/reports/2005/R2208.pdf|archive-date=Enero 29, 2023|language=en}}</ref>
* '''{{Flagicon|United States}} Estados Unidos:'''<br />58,281 namatay<ref name="2new">{{Cite press release |title=2021 NAME ADDITIONS AND STATUS CHANGES ON THE VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL |date=4 May 2021 |url=https://www.vvmf.org/News/2021-Name-Additions-and-Status-Changes-on-the-Vietnam-Veterans-Memorial/ |author=Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429132111/https://www.vvmf.org/News/2021-Name-Additions-and-Status-Changes-on-the-Vietnam-Veterans-Memorial/|archive-date=Abril 29, 2023|language=en}}</ref> (47,434 mula sa lumalaban)<ref>{{Citation |title=National Archives–Vietnam War U.S. Military Fatal Casualties |date=15 Agosto 2016 |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/military/vietnam-war/casualty-statistics#hostile |access-date=29 Hulyo 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://www.archives.gov/research/military/vietnam-war/casualty-statistics#hostile "Vietnam War U.S. Military Fatal Casualty Statistics: HOSTILE OR NON-HOSTILE DEATH INDICATOR."] U.S. National Archives. 29 Abril 2008. Hinango noong 13 Hulyo 2019 (sa Ingles).</ref><br />303,644 nasugatan (kabilang ang 150,341 na hindi nangangailangan ng pangangalaga ng ospital){{Refn|Nagmula ang mga pigurang 58,220 at 303,644 para sa mga namatay at nasugatan para sa Estados Unidos sa ''Department of Defense Statistical Information Analysis Division'' (SIAD), ''Defense Manpower Data Center'', gayon din mula tala ng katunayan ng ''Department of Veterans'' na nakapetsang Mayo 2010; ang kabuuan ay 153,303 WIA na di kabilang ang 150,341 tao na hindi nangangailangan ng pangangalaga ng ospital<ref>{{Cite report |url=http://www1.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf |title=America's Wars |date=May 2010 |publisher=Department of Veterans Affairs |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140124020810/http://www.va.gov/opa/publications/factsheets/fs_americas_wars.pdf |archive-date=24 Enero 2014 |language=en |url-status=dead}}</ref> ang CRS (''Congressional Research Service'') Ulat para sa Kongreso, Mga Nasawi sa Digmaang Amerikano at Operasyong Militar: Mga Tala at Estadistika, pinetsahan ng 26 Pebrero 2010,<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf |title=American War and Military Operations: Casualties: Lists and Statistics |last1=Anne Leland |last2=Mari–Jana "M-J" Oboroceanu |date=26 Pebrero 2010 |publisher=Congressional Research Service|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514171012/https://sgp.fas.org/crs/natsec/RL32492.pdf|archive-date=Mayo 14, 2023|language=en}}</ref> at ang aklat na ''Crucible Vietnam: Memoir of an Infantry Lieutenant''.<ref name=Lawrence/>{{Rp|65,107,154,217}} May ilang ibang sanggunian ang nagibigay ng ibang mga pigura (e.g. binanggit ng dokumentaryo noong 2005/2006 na ''Heart of Darkness: The Vietnam War Chronicles 1945–1975'' ang pigurang 58,159 patay sa Estados Unidos,<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.amazon.com/Heart-Darkness-Vietnam-Chronicles-1945-1975/dp/B000GDIBT8 |title=Heart of Darkness: The Vietnam War Chronicles 1945–1975 |type=Documentary |publisher=Koch Vision |time=321 minutes |format=Box set, Color, Dolby, DVD-Video, Full Screen, NTSC, Dolby, Vision Software |isbn=1-4172-2920-9 |people=Aaron Ulrich (editor); Edward FeuerHerd (producer and director) (2005, 2006)}}</ref> at ang aklat noong 2007 na ''Vietnam Sons'' ay nagbigay na pigurang 58,226)<ref name="Kueter">{{Cite book |last=Kueter |first=Dale |title=Vietnam Sons: For Some, the War Never Ended |url=https://archive.org/details/vietnamsonsforso0000kuet |publisher=AuthorHouse |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-4259-6931-8}}</ref>|name=USd&w|group=A}}
* '''{{Flagu|Laos|1952}}:''' 15,000 namatay na hukbo<ref>T. Lomperis, From People's War to People's Rule (1996) (sa Ingles)</ref>
* '''{{Flagdeco|Cambodia|1970}}''' '''Republikang Khmer:''' Di alam
* '''{{Flagdeco|Third Republic of Korea}}''' '''Timog Korea''': 5,099 namatay; 10,962 nasugatan; 4 nawawala
* '''{{Flagu|Australia}}:''' 521 namatay; 3,129 nasugatan<ref>{{Cite web |title=Australian casualties in the Vietnam War, 1962–72 |url=http://www.awm.gov.au/encyclopedia/vietnam/statistics |access-date=29 June 2013 |publisher=Australian War Memorial|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214111653/https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/encyclopedia/vietnam/statistics|archive-date=Pebrero 14, 2023|language=en}}</ref>
* '''{{Flagicon|Thailand|1939}} Taylandiya:''' 351 namatay<ref name=Tucker/>{{Rp|}}
* '''{{Flagicon|New Zealand}} Bagong Selandya:''' 37 namatay<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 Hulyo 1965 |title=Overview of the war in Vietnam |url=http://vietnamwar.govt.nz/resources |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726010609/http://vietnamwar.govt.nz/resources |archive-date=26 Hulyo 2013 |access-date=29 Hunyo 2013|language=en |publisher=New Zealand and the Vietnam War}}</ref>
* '''{{Flagicon|Republic of China}} Republika ng Tsina:''' 25 namatay<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2013 |title=America Wasn't the Only Foreign Power in the Vietnam War |url=http://militaryhistorynow.com/2013/10/02/the-international-vietnam-war-the-other-world-powers-that-fought-in-south-east-asia/ |access-date=10 Hunyo 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418045659/http://militaryhistorynow.com/2013/10/02/the-international-vietnam-war-the-other-world-powers-that-fought-in-south-east-asia/|archive-date=Abril 18, 2023|language=en}}</ref><br />17 nabihag<ref>{{Cite news |date=1964 |title=Vietnam Reds Said to Hold 17 From Taiwan as Spies |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/07/13/archives/vietnam-reds-said-to-hold-17-from-taiwan-as-spies.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307170856/https://www.nytimes.com/1964/07/13/archives/vietnam-reds-said-to-hold-17-from-taiwan-as-spies.html|archive-date=Marso 7, 2023|language=en}}</ref>
* '''{{Flagdeco|Fourth Philippine Republic}}''' '''Pilipinas:''' 9 namatay;<ref>{{Cite book |last=Larsen |first=Stanley |url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/090/90-5-1/CMH_Pub_90-5-1.pdf |title=Vietnam Studies Allied Participation in Vietnam |publisher=Department of the Army |year=1975 |isbn=978-1-5176-2724-9|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606061125/https://history.army.mil/html/books/090/90-5-1/CMH_Pub_90-5-1.pdf|archive-date=Hunyo 6, 2023|language=en}}</ref> 64 nasugatan<ref>{{Cite web |date=Marso 1970 |title=Asian Allies in Vietnam |url=http://175thengineers.homestead.com/Philcav.pdf |access-date=18 October 2015 |publisher=Embassy of South Vietnam|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521032045/http://175thengineers.homestead.com/Philcav.pdf|archive-date=Mayo 21, 2023|language=en}}</ref>
{{Endplainlist}}
'''Kabuuang patay na militar:<br />333,620 (1960–1974) – 392,364 (kabuuan)'''<br />'''Kabuuang nasugatang militar:<br />≈1,340,000+'''<ref name=Tucker/>{{Rp|}}<br />(kabilang ang FARK at FANK)<br />'''Kabuuang nabihag na militar:<br />≈1,000,000+'''
| casualties3       = {{Plainlist}}
* '''Namatay na sibilyang Biyetnames''': 405,000–2,000,000<ref name=Lewy/>{{Rp|450–453}}<ref name="Shenon">{{Cite news |last=Shenon |first=Philip |date=23 Abril 1995 |title=20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/23/world/20-years-after-victory-vietnamese-communists-ponder-how-to-celebrate.html |access-date=24 Pebrero 2011 |quote=The Vietnamese government officially claimed a rough estimate of 2 million civilian deaths, but it did not divide these deaths between those of North and South Vietnam.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527230912/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/23/world/20-years-after-victory-vietnamese-communists-ponder-how-to-celebrate.html|archive-date=Mayo 27, 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Obermeyer">{{Cite journal |last1=Obermeyer |first1=Ziad |last2=Murray |first2=Christopher J L |last3=Gakidou |first3=Emmanuela |date=23 Abril 2008 |title=Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme|language=en |journal=British Medical Journal |volume=336 |issue=7659 |pages=1482–1486 |doi=10.1136/bmj.a137 |pmc=2440905 |pmid=18566045 |quote=From 1955 to 2002, data from the surveys indicated an estimated 5.4 million violent war deaths{{Nbsp}}... 3.8 million in Vietnam|language=en}}</ref>
* '''Kabuuang namatay na Biyetnames''': 966,000<ref name=Hirschman/>–3,010,000<ref name=Obermeyer/>
* '''Namatay sa Digmaang Sibil ng Kambodya''': 275,000–310,000<ref name="Heuveline"/><ref name="Banister"/><ref name="Sliwinski"/>
* '''Namatay sa Digmaang Sibil ng Laos''': 20,000–62,000<ref name=Obermeyer/>
* '''Namatay na militar na di Indotsino''': 65,494
* '''Kabuuang namatay''': 1,326,494–3,447,494
{{Endplainlist}}
| notes             = {{flagicon image|Flag of FULRO.svg}} Lumaban ang FULRO ng isang insurhensiya laban sa parehong Timog Biyetnam at Hilagang Biyetnam kasama ang [[Viet Cong]] at sinuportahan ng [[Kambodya]] sa karamihan ng digmaan.
}}

Ang '''Digmaang Biyetnam''' ay ang labanan sa [[Biyetnam]], [[Laos]], at [[Kambodiya]] mula 1 Nobyembre 1955<ref group=A name="start date" />  hanggang sa [[pagbagsak ng Saigon]] noong 30 Abril 1975.<ref name="mtholyoke.edu">{{Cite report |url=https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/paris.htm |title=The Paris Agreement on Vietnam: Twenty-five Years Later |date=Abril 1998 |publisher=The Nixon Center |location=Washington, DC |access-date=5 Setyembre 2012 |type=Conference Transcript |via=International Relations Department, Mount Holyoke College |archive-date=1 Setyembre 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901153020/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/paris.htm |url-status=dead |language=en}}</ref> Ito ang ikalawa sa mga Digmaang Indotsina at opisyal na pinaglaban ng [[Hilagang Biyetnam]] at Timog Biyetnam. Sinuportahan ng [[Unyong Sobyet]], [[Tsina]],<ref name="Toledo Blade 320,000 Chinese troops">{{Cite news |date=16 Mayo 1989 |title=China admits 320,000 troops fought in Vietnam |work=Toledo Blade |agency=Reuters|language=en|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19890516&id=HkRPAAAAIBAJ&pg=3769,1925460 |access-date=24 Disyembre 2013}}</ref> at ibang mga estadong [[komunista]] ang hilaga, habang sinuportahan ang timog ng Estados Unidos at ibang alyado na kontra-[[komunismo|komunista]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Vietnam War |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/628478/Vietnam-War |access-date=5 Marso 2008 |quote=Meanwhile, the United States, its military demoralized and its civilian electorate deeply divided, began a process of coming to terms with defeat in its longest and most controversial war|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Friedman |first=Herbert |title=Allies of the Republic of Vietnam |url=http://www.psywarrior.com/AlliesRepublicVietnam.html |access-date=1 Mayo 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307112918/http://www.psywarrior.com/AlliesRepublicVietnam.html|archive-date=Marso 7, 2012|language=en}}</ref> Malawak na tinuturing ang digmaan bilang ang pamalit na digmaan sa [[Digmaang Malamig]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lind |first=Michael |year=1999 |title=Vietnam, The Necessary War: A Reinterpretation of America's Most Disastrous Military Conflict |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/l/lind-vietnam.html |access-date=17 Enero 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307092630/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/l/lind-vietnam.html|archive-date=Marso 7, 2023|language=en}}</ref> Tumagal ito ng halos 20 taon, kasama ang direktang pagkakasangkot ng Estados Unidos, na natapos noong 1973. Umapaw ang damdamin ng labanan sa mga katabing bansa, na pinalubha ang Digmaang Sibil sa Laos at ang Digmaang Sibil sa Kambodya, na natapos sa pagiging opisyal na estadong komunista ng tatlong bansang yaon noong 1976.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-28 |title=Vietnam War: Causes, Facts & Impact |url=https://www.history.com/topics/vietnam-war/vietnam-war-history |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=HISTORY |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-16 |title=Vietnam War {{!}} Facts, Summary, Years, Timeline, Casualties, Combatants, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

Sa pagkatalo ng Unyong Pranses sa Unang Digmaang Indotsina at ang pagtanggap nito sa pagtanggal ng militar mula sa Biyetnam alinsunod sa kasunduang [[Geneva|Hinebra]] para sa kapayapaan sa Biyetnam na nagkaroon ng bisa noong Hulyo 23, 1954, nakamit ng bansa ang kalayaan mula sa [[Pransya]] subalit nahati sa dalawang lugar ng pagtitipong militar: ang [[Viet Minh]] na kinontrol ang Hilagang Biyetnam, habang kinontrol ng Estados Unidos ang suportang pananalapi at militar ang Timog Biyetnam.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eckhardt |first=George |url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/Vietnam/Comm-Control/index.htm |title=Vietnam Studies Command and Control 1950–1969 |publisher=Department of the Army |year=1991 |page=6 |access-date=31 Oktubre 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019184830/https://history.army.mil/books/Vietnam/Comm-Control/index.htm |archive-date=19 Oktubre 2017|language=en |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="advisors" group="A">Bago dito, ang Pagpapayong Pangkat ng Tulong Militar ng Indochina (na may inawtorisang lakas na 128 tao) ay itinayo noong Setyembre 1950 na may misyong pangasiwaan ang paggamit at pamamahagi ng kagamitang militar ng Estados Unidos ng Pransya at kanilang mga kakampi.</ref> Nagsimula ng digmaang gerilya sa timog ang [[Viet Cong]] (VC), isang prenteng karaniwan sa Timog Biyetnam na nasa ilalim ng direksyon ng hilaga. Sumagupa ang Hukbong Bayan ng Biyetnam, na kilala din bilang ang Hukbong Hilagang Biyetnam, sa maraming digmaang kumbensyunal sa Estados Unidos at sa Hukbo ng Republika ng Biyetnam. Nilusob ng Hilagang Biyetnam ang Laos noong 1958, na itinatag ang Landas ng [[Ho Chi Minh]] upang panustusan at palakasin ang VC.<ref name="Ang">{{Cite book |last=Ang |first=Cheng Guan |title=The Vietnam War from the Other Side |publisher=RoutledgeCurzon |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7007-1615-9|language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|16}} Pagdating ng 1963, nagpadala ang hilaga ng 40,000 sundalo upang labanan ang timog.<ref name=Ang/>{{Rp|16}} Tumaas ang pagkakasangkot ng Estados Unidos sa ilalim ni Pangulong [[John F. Kennedy]], mula sa isang mga tagapayong militar noong 1959 hanggang sa 23,000 noong 1964.<ref name="AWL">{{Cite web |title=Vietnam War Allied Troop Levels 1960–73 |url=http://www.americanwarlibrary.com/vietnam/vwatl.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802134052/http://www.americanwarlibrary.com/vietnam/vwatl.htm |archive-date=2 August 2016 |access-date=1 Hunyo 2018|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Hastings">{{Cite book |last=Hastings |first=Max |title=Vietnam an epic tragedy, 1945–1975 |publisher=Harper Collins |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-06-240567-8|language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|131}}

Kasunod ng insidente sa Golpo ng Tonkin noong Agosto 1964, pinasa ng Kongreso ng Estados Unidos ang isang resolusyon na binibigyan ang Pangulong [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] ng malawak na awtoridad na dagdagan ang presensyang militar ng Estados Unidos sa Biyetnam, na walang pormal na pagpapahayag ng digmaan. Iniutos ni Johnson ang pagpapalawak ng mga yunit na lumalaban sa unang pagkakataon, at kapansin-pansing tumaas ang tropang Amerikano sa 184,000.<ref name=AWL/> Umasa ang puwersang Estados Unidos at Timog Biyetnames sa superyoridad sa himpapawid at napakalaking kapangyarihang-armas upang isagawa ang mga operasyong hanapin at wasakin, na kinakasangkutan ng puwersa sa lupain, [[artilerya]], at mga [[pagsalakay mula sa himpapawid]]. Nagsagawa din ang Estados Unidos ng malakihang kampanyang [[pagbombang estratehiko]] laban sa Hilagang Biyetnam,<ref name=Hastings/>{{Rp|371–374}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Li |first=Xiaobing |title=Voices from the Vietnam War: Stories from American, Asian, and Russian Veterans |url=https://archive.org/details/voicesfromvietna0000lixi |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8131-7386-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/voicesfromvietna0000lixi/page/85 85]|language=en}}</ref> at pinagpatuloy ang mahalagang pagtataguyod ng mga puwersa nito, sa kabila ng maliit na progreso na ginawa. Noong 1968, inilunsad ng mga puwesang Timog Biyetnames ang Opensibang Tet; bagaman, natalo ang militar nila dito, naging isa itong tagumpay pampolitika, dahil nagdulot ito ng paghina ng suportang domestiko ng Estados Unidos sa digmaan.<ref name="Hastings" />{{Rp|481}} Sa katapusan ng taon, nakuha ng VC ang maliit na teritoryo at iniwan ng Hukbong Bayan ng Biyetnam.{{Sfn|Military History Institute of Vietnam|2002|pp=247–249|language=en}} Noong 1969, nagdeklera ang Hilagang Biyetnam ng Pansamantalang Pamahalaang Rebolusyonaryo ng Republika ng Timog Biyetnam. Tumawid ang mga operasyon sa mga pambansang hangganan, at binomba ng Estados Unidos ang mga ruta ng  panustos sa Laos at Kambodya. Nagresulta ang pagpapatalsik ng monarko ng Kambodya, si Norodom Sihanouk, sa pagsalakay ng Hukbong Bayan ng Biyetnam sa bansa (sa hiling Khmer Rohos), at ang noo'y kontra-salakay ng Estados Unidos-Hukbo ng Republika ng Biyetnam, na pinataas ang Digmaang Sibil ng Kambodya. Pagkatapos ng mahalal ni [[Richard Nixon]] noong 1969, nagsimula ang polisiyang "Biyetnamisasyon", na nakita ang labanan sa isang pinalawak na Hukbo ng Republika ng Biyetnam, habang tinanggal ang mga puwersang Estados Unidos noong maagang bahagi ng 1972, at nalimitahan ang kanilang operasyon sa suporta sa himpapawid, suporta sa artilerya, mga tagapayo, at pagpadala ng mga ''materiel''. Nakita ng mga Kasunduang Paris para sa Kapayapaan noong Enero 1973 ang pagtanggal ng lahat ng puwersa ng Estados Unidos;<ref name="Kolko">{{Cite book |last=Kolko |first=Gabriel |url=https://archive.org/details/anatomyofwarviet00kolk |title=Anatomy of a War: Vietnam, the United States, and the Modern Historical Experience |publisher=Pantheon Books |year=1985 |isbn=978-0-394-74761-3 |url-access=registration|language=en}}</ref>{{Rp|457}} nasira ang kasunduan ng halos kaagad-agad, nagpatuloy ang labanan ng hanggang dalawa pang taon. Bumagsak ang [[Phnom Penh]] sa Khmer Rohos noong Abril 17, 1975, habang nakita ng opensibang tagsibol ng 1975 ng [[Pagbagsak ng Saigon]] sa Hukbong Bayan ng Biyetnam noong Abril 30, na minarkahan ang katapusan ng digmaan; muling pinagkaisa ang Hilaga at Timog Biyetnam noong Hulyo 2 ng sumunod na taon.

Siningil ng digmaan ang napakalaking halaga ng pagkasawi ng mga tao: tinatayang ang bilang ng mga namatay na mga sundalong Biyetnames at sibilyan ay mula sa 966,000<ref name="Hirschman">{{Cite journal |last1=Hirschman |first1=Charles |last2=Preston |first2=Samuel |last3=Vu |first3=Manh Loi |date=December 1995 |title=Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate |url=http://faculty.washington.edu/charles/new%20PUBS/A77.pdf |journal=Population and Development Review|language=en |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=783 |doi=10.2307/2137774 |jstor=2137774|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012055340/http://faculty.washington.edu/charles/new%20PUBS/A77.pdf|archive-date=Oktubre 12, 2013}}</ref> hanggang 3&nbsp;milyon.<ref name="Obermeyer"/> Namatay din sa labanan ang 275,000–310,000 Kamboyano,<ref name="Heuveline">{{Cite book |last=Heuveline |first=Patrick |title=Forced Migration and Mortality |url=https://archive.org/details/forcedmigrationm0000unse_t3v0 |publisher=National Academies Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-309-07334-9 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/forcedmigrationm0000unse_t3v0/page/102 102]–104, 120, 124 |chapter=The Demographic Analysis of Mortality Crises: The Case of Cambodia, 1970–1979 |quote=As best as can now be estimated, over two million Cambodians died during the 1970s because of the political events of the decade, the vast majority of them during the mere four years of the 'Khmer Rouge' regime.{{Nbsp}}... Subsequent reevaluations of the demographic data situated the death toll for the [civil war] in the order of 300,000 or less.|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Banister">{{Cite book |last1=Banister |first1=Judith |url=https://archive.org/details/genocidedemocrac00kier |title=Genocide and Democracy in Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge, the United Nations and the International Community |last2=Johnson |first2=E. Paige |publisher=Yale University Southeast Asia Studies |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-938692-49-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/genocidedemocrac00kier/page/97 97] |quote=An estimated 275,000 excess deaths. We have modeled the highest mortality that we can justify for the early 1970s. |url-access=registration|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Sliwinski">{{Cite book |last=Sliwinski |first=Marek |title=Le Génocide Khmer Rouge: Une Analyse Démographique |publisher=L'Harmattan |year=1995 |isbn=978-2-7384-3525-5 |language=en|pages=42–43, 48 |trans-title=The Khmer Rouge genocide: A demographic analysis}}</ref> 20,000–62,000 taga-Laos,<ref name="Obermeyer" /> at 58,220 kasapi ng serbisyong Estados Unidos.<ref name="USd&w" group="A" /> Kaagad nagdulot ang katapusan ng Digmaang Biyetnam ng krisis repuhiyado (''refugee'') sa mga taong bangkang Biyetnames at mas malaking Indotsina, na nakita ang mga milyong repuhiyado na umalis sa Indotsina, na tinatayang 250,000 sa kanila ang nasawi sa dagat. Nang nasa kapangyarihan, nagsagawa ang Khmer Rohos ng [[pagpatay ng lahi|henosodyo]] ng mga Kamboyano, habang tumaas sa kalaunan ang labanan sa pagitan nila at ng pinag-isang Biyetnam sa Digmaang Kamboyano–Biyetnames, na pinabagsak ang pamahalaang Khmer Rohos noong 1979. Bilang tugon, sinalakay ng Tsina ang Biyetnam na sinundan ng mga labanan sa teritoryo na tumagal hanggang 1991. Sa loob ng Estados Undios, nagdulot ang digmaan sa pag-usbong ng tinatawag na Sindromeng Biyetnam (''Vietnam Syndrome''), isang pag-ayaw ng publiko sa mga pag-sangkot ng Amerikanong militar sa ibayong-dagat,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kalb |first=Marvin |date=22 Enero 2013 |title=It's Called the Vietnam Syndrome, and It's Back |url=http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/up-front/posts/2013/01/22-obama-foreign-policy-kalb |access-date=12 Hunyo 2015 |publisher=Brookings Institution|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224132036/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2013/01/22/its-called-the-vietnam-syndrome-and-its-back/|archive-date=Disyembre 24, 2022|language=en}}</ref> na, kasama ng iskandalo sa Watergate ay nag-ambag sa krisis ng kumpiyansa na nakaapekto sa Amerika sa buong dekada 1970.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Horne |first=Alistair |title=Kissinger's Year: 1973 |url=https://archive.org/details/kissingersyear190000unse |publisher=Phoenix Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-7538-2700-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/kissingersyear190000unse/page/370 370]–371|language=en}}</ref>

Sinira ng [[Hukbong Himpapawid ng Estados Unidos]] ang 20% ng gubat ng Timog Biyetnam at 20–50% ng mga kagubatang [[bakawan]] sa pagdilig ng 20 milyong galon ng nakakalasong pamatay-halaman (mga ''defoliant'') kabilang ang ''Agent Orange'' (o [[Ahenteng Kahel|Ahenteng Naranha]]).<ref name=":02" />{{sfn|Kolko|1994|pp=144–145}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Westing |first=Arthur H. |url={{GBurl|id=4SfwtAEACAAJ}} |title=Herbicides in War: The Long-term Ecological and Human Consequences |date=1984 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |pages=5ff|language=en}}</ref> Ang digmaan ay isa sa pinakakaraniwang ginagamit na halimbawa ng ekosidiyo.<ref name=":02">{{cite book |last=Fox |first=Diane N. |url=http://college.holycross.edu/faculty/dnfox/pdf/chemical_politics.pdf |chapter=Chemical Politics and the Hazards of Modern Warfare: Agent Orange |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727144516/http://college.holycross.edu/faculty/dnfox/pdf/chemical_politics.pdf|archive-date=2010-07-27 |title=Synthetic Planet: Chemical Politics and the Hazards of Modern Life |editor-last=Monica |editor-first=Casper |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge Press|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Falk |first=Richard A. |date=1973 |title=Environmental Warfare and Ecocide — Facts, Appraisal, and Proposals |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44480206 |journal=Bulletin of Peace Proposals |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=80–96 |doi=10.1177/096701067300400105 |jstor=44480206 |s2cid=144885326 |issn=0007-5035|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |first=Giovanni |last=Chiarini |date=1 Abril 2022 |title=Ecocide: From the Vietnam War to International Criminal Jurisdiction? Procedural Issues In-Between Environmental Science, Climate Change, and Law |ssrn=4072727 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4072727 |journal=Cork Online Law Review|language=en}}</ref>

==Mga anotasyon==
{{Reflist|group="A"|30em}}

==Mga sanggunian==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Commonscat|Vietnam War}}

[[Kategorya:Kasaysayan ng Vietnam]]
[[Kategorya:Digmaan sa Biyetnam]]
[[Kategorya:Imperyalismo]]