Tingnan ang wikitext ng Kaharian ng Italya

{{Short description|Kingdom in Southern Europe from 1861 to 1946}}
{{About|the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox former country
| conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Italy
| native_name            = {{native name|it|Regno d'Italia}}
| event_start            = [[Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy|Unification]]
| year_start             = 1861
| date_start             = 17 March
| event1                 = [[Treaty of Vienna (1866)|Treaty of Vienna]]
| date_event1            = 3 October 1866
| event2                 = [[Capture of Rome]]
| date_event2            = 20 September 1870
| event3                 = [[Triple Alliance (1882)|Triple Alliance]]
| date_event3            = 20 May 1882
| event4                 = [[Treaty of London (1915)|Treaty of London]]
| date_event4            = 26 April 1915
| event5                 = [[March on Rome]]
| date_event5            = 28 October 1922
| event6                 = [[Pact of Steel]]
| date_event6            = 22 May 1939
| event7                 = [[Tripartite Pact]]
| date_event7            = 27 September 1940
| event8                 = [[Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy|Fall of Fascism]]
| date_event8            = 25 July 1943
| event_end              = [[1946 Italian institutional referendum|Republic]]
| year_end               = 1946
| date_end               = 2 June
| common_languages       = [[Italian language|Italian]]
| p1                     = Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861){{!}}'''1861:'''<br />Kingdom of Sardinia
| flag_p1                = Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg
| p2                     = Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia{{!}}'''1866:'''<br />Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
| flag_p2                = Flag of the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia.svg
| p3                     = Papal States{{!}}'''1870:'''<br />Papal States
| flag_p3                = Flag of the Papal States (1825-1870).svg
| p4                     = Free State of Fiume{{!}}'''1924:'''<br />Free State of Fiume
| flag_p4                = Flag of the Free State of Fiume.svg
| p5                     = Italian Social Republic{{!}}'''1945:'''<br />Italian Social Republic
| flag_p5                = War flag of the Italian Social Republic.svg
| s1                     = Vatican City{{!}}'''1929:'''<br />Vatican City
| flag_s1                = Flag of the Vatican City.svg
| s2                     = Italian Social Republic{{!}}'''1943:'''<br />Italian Social Republic
| flag_s2                = War flag of the Italian Social Republic.svg
| s3                     = History of the Italian Republic#Birth of the Republic (1946–1948){{!}}'''1946:'''<br />Italian Republic
| flag_s3                = Flag of Italy.svg
| s4                     = Free Territory of Trieste
| flag_s4                = Free Territory Trieste Flag.svg
| s5                     = Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia{{!}}SFR Yugoslavia
| flag_s5                = Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg
| s6                     = Second Hellenic Republic{{!}}Greece
| flag_s6                = Flag of Greece.svg
| image_map              = {{Switcher|[[File:Kingdom of Italy (1936).svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|The Kingdom of Italy in 1936|[[File:Kingdom of Italy 1861.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|The Kingdom of Italy in 1861|default=1}}
| image_flag             = Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg
| flag_type              = [[Flag of Italy#Italian unification|Flag]]
| image_coat             = Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Italy (1890).svg
| symbol_type            = [[Emblem of Italy#Kingdom of Italy|Greater coat of arms<br />(1890–1929; 1943–1946)]]
| coa_size               = 75px
| national_motto         = [[FERT]]<br />(Motto for the [[House of Savoy]])
| national_anthem        = <br />(1861–1943; 1944–1946)<br />''[[Marcia Reale|Marcia Reale d'Ordinanza]]''<br />("Royal March of Ordinance") <div class="center" style="margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Marcia Reale.ogg]]</div>
        <br />(1924–1943)<br />''[[Giovinezza]]''<br />("Youth") <div class="center" style="margin-top:0.4em;">
[[File:Giovinezza.ogg]]</div>
        <br />(1943–1944)<br />''[[La Leggenda del Piave]]''<br />("The Legend of Piave") <div class="center" style="margin-top:0.4em;">
[[File:La leggenda del Piave.ogg]]</div>
| capital                = {{plainlist|
* [[Turin]] (1861–1865)
* [[Florence]] (1865–1871)
* [[Rome]] (1871–1946)
* [[Brindisi]] (''de facto'') (1943–1944)}}
| largest_city           = Rome
| religion               = 96% [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] ([[state religion]])
| government_type        = [[Political unitarism|Unitary]] [[Constitutional monarchy]]
*under a [[Italian fascism|fascist]] totalitarian dictatorship<br />(1922–1943)
*under [[military occupation]]<br>(1943–1945)
| stat_year1             = 1861<ref name= "Italy in 150 years">{{cite web|title=Italy in 150 years – summary of historical statistics 1861–2011|url=http://www3.istat.it/dati/catalogo/20120118_00/cap_2.pdf|publisher=[[Istat]]|access-date=27 November 2016|language=it|page=135|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319042115/http://www3.istat.it/dati/catalogo/20120118_00/cap_2.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| stat_pop1              = 21,777,334
| stat_area1             = 250320
| stat_year2             = 1936<ref name= "Italy in 150 years"/>
| stat_pop2              = 42,993,602
| stat_area2             = 310190
| leader1                = [[Victor Emmanuel II]]
| year_leader1           = 1861–1878
| leader2                = [[Umberto I of Italy|Umberto I]]
| year_leader2           = 1878–1900
| leader3                = [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy|Victor Emmanuel III]]
| year_leader3           = 1900–1946
| leader4                = [[Umberto II of Italy|Umberto II]]
| year_leader4           = 1946
| title_leader           = [[King of Italy|King]]
| title_deputy           = [[Prime Minister of Italy|Prime Minister]]
| deputy1                = [[Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour|Count of Cavour]]
| year_deputy1           = 1861 (first)
| deputy2                = [[Benito Mussolini]]{{efn|group=infobox|''[[Duce|Il Duce]]'' from 1925.}}
| year_deputy2           = 1922–1943
| deputy3                = [[Alcide De Gasperi]]{{efn|group=infobox|While the Kingdom of Italy ended in 1946, de Gasperi continued as Prime Minister of the Republic until 1953.}}
| year_deputy3           = 1945–1946 (last)
| legislature            = [[Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy|Parliament]] (1861–1943)<br />[[National Council (Italy)|National Council]] (1945–1946)

| house1                 = [[Senate of the Kingdom of Italy|Senate]]
| house2                 = {{plainlist| *[[Chamber of Deputies (Kingdom of Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]] (1861–1939)<br />[[Chamber of Fasces and Corporations]] (1939–1943)}}
| currency               = [[Italian lira|Lira]] (₤)
| footnotes              = {{notelist|group=infobox}}
| demonym                = [[Italians|Italian]]
| area_km2               = 
| area_rank              = 
| GDP_PPP                = 151 billion<br />(2.82 trillion in 2019)
| GDP_PPP_year           = 1939
| HDI                    = 
| HDI_year               = 
}}
Ang '''Kaharian ng Italya''' ({{Lang-it|Regno d'Italia}}, {{IPA-it|ˈreɲɲo diˈtaːlja|pron}}) ay isang estado na umiiral mula noong Marso 17, 1861—nang ipahayag na Hari ng Italya si [[Victor Emmanuel II]] ng [[Cerdeña]]—hanggang Hunyo 12, 1946, nang pamunuan ng sibil na deskontento ang isang referendum sa institusyon na talikuran ang monarkiya at buuin ang modernong [[Italya|Italyanong Republika]]. Ang estado ay itinatag bilang isang resulta ng [[Pag-iisa ng Italya]] sa ilalim ng impluwensya ng [[Kaharian ng Cerdeña]] na pinangunahan ng Saboya, na maaaring ituring itong estado bilang legal na hinalinhan nito.

==Pangkalahatang-ideya==
===Teritoryo===
[[File:Kingdom of Italy 1924 map.svg|thumb|Ang Kaharian ng Italya noong 1924]]

Sinasakop ng Kaharian ng Italya ang lupain na minsa'y nilagpasan ang kasalukuyang [[Italya]]. Unti-unting lumawak ang nasasakupan ng Kaharian sa pamamagitan ng pag-iisang Italyano hanggang until 1870. Noong 1919, dumugtong dito ang [[Trieste]] at [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]]. Nangako ang Ententeng Triple na igawad sa Italya – kung sasali ang estado sa mga Alyado ng [[Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] – ang ilang rehiyon, kabilang ang dating Litoral Austriyako, kanlurang bahagi ng dating Dukado ng Karniyola, Hilagang Dalmasya at kapansin-pansin ang Zara, Šibenik at karamihan ng kapuluuang Dalmasyo (maliban sa Krk at [[Rab]]), sang-ayon sa lihim na Kasunduang Londres ng 1915.<ref name="firstworldwar.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/london1915.htm|title=Primary Documents – Treaty of London, 26 April 1915|website=FirstWorldWar.com |access-date=10 Setyembre 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830061218/http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/london1915.htm|archive-date=30 Agosto 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|language=en}}</ref>

Pagkatapos ng pagtanggi ni Pangulo ng Estados Unidos na si [[Woodrow Wilson]] na kilalanin ang Kasunduang Londres at pirmahan ang [[Kasunduan sa Versailles]] noong 1919, kasama ang Kasunduan sa Rapallo noong 1920, inabandona ang pag-angkin ng Italya sa Hilagang Dalmasya. Sa panahon ng [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]], nakuha ng Kaharian ang karagdagang teritoryo sa [[Slovenia]] at Dalmasya mula sa [[Kaharian ng Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] pagkatapos tumiwalag nito noong 1941.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/discussion-of-italian-claims-begins-at-paris-peace-conference|title=Discussion of Italian claims begins at Paris peace conference – Apr 19, 1919|website=history.com|access-date=10 Setyembre 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910172926/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/discussion-of-italian-claims-begins-at-paris-peace-conference|archive-date=10 September 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|language=en}}</ref>

===Mga monarko===

Ang mga monarko ng Bahay ng Saboya na namuno sa Italya ay ang mga sumusunod:
* [[Victor Emmanuel II]] ({{r.|1861|1878}}) – huling Hari ng Cerdaña at unang hari ng pinag-isang Italya. Hiniram ang lumang titulong [[Latin]] na ''Pater Patriae'' ng mga [[Romanong Emperador]], binigyan siya ng epiteto ng mga {{lang-it|Padre della Patria}} (o Ama ng Amang Bayan).
* Umberto I ({{r.|1878|1900}}) – inaprubahan ang Alyansang Triple kasama ang [[Alemanya]] at [[Austria-Hungriya|Austriya-Ungariya]], pinaslang noong 1900 ng anarkistang si Gaetano Bresci.
* [[Victor Emmanuel III]] ({{r.|1900|1946}}) – Hari ng Italya noong [[Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] at sa panahon ng rehimeng pasista ni [[Benito Mussolini]].
* Umberto II ({{r.|1946|1946}}) – ang huling hari ng Italya, na napilitang tumawag ng reperendum na pinalitan ang [[monarkiya]]ng pangkonstitusyon sa isang [[republika]].

== Mga sanggunian ==