Tingnan ang wikitext ng Melanesya


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}}{{Infobox islands|name=Melanesia|nickname="Isla ng itim [na mga tao]" ([[Tagalog]])<br>"Island of black [people]" ([[Ingles]]) |etymology=Antiguong Griyegong "μέλας" (''mélas'') at <br>"νήσος" (''nísos'')|archipelago='''Melanesia'''<br>[[Kapuluang Solomon]]<br>[[Kapuluang Bismarck]]<br>[[Vanuatu]]<br>[[Kapuluang Louisiade]]<br>[[Kapuluang Trobriand]]<br>[[Kapuluang D'entrecasteaux]]<br>[[Kapuluang Admiralty]]<br>[[Grupong Viti Levu]]<br>[[Kapuluang Loyalty]]||major_islands=[[Bagong Ginea]]<br>[[Bagong Britanya]]<br>[[Grande Terre]]<br>[[Bagong Ireland]]<br>[[Isla ng Bougainville]]<br>[[Guadalcanal]]<br>[[Malaita]]<br>[[Isla ng Santa Isabel|Santa Isabel]]<br>[[Viti Levu]]<br>[[Vanua Levu]]<br>[[Isla ng Espiritu Santo|Espiritu Santo]]<br>[[Malekula]]|image=Melanesian Cultural Area.png|image_caption=Mapa ng timog-kanlurang [[Karagatang Pasipiko]] (Melanesya ay kulay-bughaw na malilim)|waterbody= [[Kipot ng Torres]]<br>[[Dagat Arafura]]<br>[[Look ng Cenderawasih]]<br>[[Dagat Bismarck]]<br>[[Dagat Solomon]]<br>[[Karagatang Pasipiko]]|area_sqmi=386000|area_footnotes=<ref>{{Cite web |title=Melanesia - New World Encyclopedia |url=https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Melanesia |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=www.newworldencyclopedia.org}}</ref>|highest_mount=[[Puncak Jaya]] (16,024ft.)|country1=Papua New Guinea|country1_capital_and_largest_city=[[Port Moresby]]|country1_largest_city_population=364,145 (2011)<ref>{{Cite web |title=2011 CENSUS REPORT {{!}} Papua New Guinea Environment Data Portal |url=https://png-data.sprep.org/dataset/2011-census-report |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=png-data.sprep.org}}</ref>|country1_area_km2=462,840|country2=Kapuluang Solomon|country2_capital_and_largest_city=[[Honiara]]|country2_largest_city_population=84,520 (2017)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honiara Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/honiara-population |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref>|country2_area_km2=28,896|country3=Fiji|country3_capital_and_largest_city=[[Suva]]|country3_largest_city_population=93,970 (2017)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fiji: Divisions and Provinces, Major Urban Areas & Urban Areas - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/fiji/cities/ |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref>|country4_area_km2=12,189|country4=Vanuatu|country4_capital_and_largest_city=[[Port Vila]]|country4_largest_city_population=49,034 (2020)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vnso.gov.vu/images/Pictures/Census/2020_census/Census_Volume_1/2020NPHC_Volume_1_-_Version_2.pdf |title=2020 National Population and Housing Census - Basic Tables Report, Volume 1, Version 2 |date=2021-11-17 |website=vnso.gov.vu |publisher=[[Vanuatu National Statistics Office]] |access-date=2023-09-05 |archive-date=2023-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905022046/https://vnso.gov.vu/images/Pictures/Census/2020_census/Census_Volume_1/2020NPHC_Volume_1_-_Version_2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>|country3_area_km2=18,274|country5=[[Kanlurang Papua]], [[Indonesya]]|country6=Bagong Kaledonya (Teritoryo ng [[Pransiya]])|country5_largest_city_population=303,760 (2020)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jayapura |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/0005/m029bfb |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=Google Arts & Culture}}</ref>|country5_area_km2=412,215|country5_largest_city=[[Jayapura]]|country6_largest_city_population=94,285 (2019)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nouméa (Commune, New Caledonia) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/newcaledonia/admin/sud/98818__noum%C3%A9a/ |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref>|country6_area_km2=18,576|country6_capital_and_largest_city=[[Nouméa]]|country6_capital_type=[[commune]]|demonym=Melanesyan<br>Melanesyano|population_as_of=2020|population=17,396,848|population_footnotes=<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Open Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/ |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=World Bank Open Data}}</ref>{{citation needed}}|density_km2=17.4|languages='''Mga Pambansang Wika''':<br>[[Papuan Malay]]<br>[[Tok Pisin]]<br>[[Hiri Motu]]<br>[[Bislama]]<br>[[Fijian]]<br>'''Mga Pandayuhang Wika''':<br>[[Ingles]]<br>[[Pranses]]<br>[[Hindi]]|ethnic_groups=[[:en:Indigenous_people_of_New_Guinea|Mga Pangkat-Etniko ng Bagong Ginea (listahan)]]<br>[[:en:Melanesians|Melanesyano]]<br>[[:en:Ni-Vanuatu|Ni-Vanuatu]]<br>[[Fijian]]<br>[[:en:Kanak|Kanak]]|timezone1=[[UTC]]+9 (Western New Guinea)<br>UTC+10 (Papua New Guinea, except Bougainville Region)<br>UTC+11 (New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and Bougainville Region)<br>UTC+12 (Fiji)<br>UTC+13 (Fiji ([[Daylight Saving Time]]))|iso_code=QX<ref>{{Cite web |last=Flad |first=Régis |date=June 22, 2021 |title=List of ISO 3166 Country Codes |url=https://support.isan.org/hc/en-us/articles/360012636280-List-of-ISO-3166-Country-Codes |access-date=2024-04-13 |website=ISAN}}</ref>|iso_code_type=[[ISO 3166]]}}
Ang '''Melanesia''' o '''Melanesya''' ay isang rehiyon na matatagpuan sa timog ng [[Micronesia]], kanluran ng [[Polynesia]], hilagang-silangan ng [[Australya]], at silangan ng [[Kapuluang Malay]]. Ito ay matatagpuan sa bandang timog-kanlurang bahagi ng Pasipiko. Ang mga pangunahing bahagi nito ay ang [[Bagong Ginea|Isla ng Bagong Ginea]], [[Bagong Kaledonia|Bagong Kaledonya]], [[Fiji]], [[Kapuluang Solomon]], [[Kapuluan sa Kipot ng Torres]] sa [[Australya]] at [[Vanuatu]]. Ang rehiyon ay matatagpuan sa timog-kanluran ng [[Pacific Ring of Fire|Singsing na Apoy ng Pasipiko]].

Ang mga unang tao sa Melanesya ay [[Asyatiko]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shutler |first=Mary Elizabeth |last2=Shutler |first2=Richard |date=1967 |title=Origins of the Melanesians |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40386005 |journal=Archaeology & Physical Anthropology in Oceania |volume=2 |issue=2 |page=36 |issn=0003-8121 |via=}}</ref> Ang unang paglapag ng mga tao sa rehiyon ay noong 50,000 hanggang 60,000 taong nakalipas, sa isla ng Bagong Ginea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://papuanewguinea.travel/history-tours/ |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=Papua New Guinea |language=en-AU}}</ref> Ang mga unang taong nanirahan doon ay mga [[Papuan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Guinea people |url=https://wwf.panda.org/discover/knowledge_hub/where_we_work/new_guinea_forests/area_forests_new_guinea/people_new_guinea_forests |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=wwf.panda.org |language=en}}</ref> Sumunod na nakarating ang mga tao sa Kapuluang Solomon mula sa Isla ng Bismarck, mahigit 30000 BC hanggang 28000 BC ng mga taong Papuan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Solomon Islands |url=https://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/solomon-islands/solomon-islands-country-brief |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=[[Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade]]}}</ref> Noong mahigit 1600 BC, nakaabot sa Bagong Kaledonya ng mga taong Lapita.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Caledonia - 2022 World Factbook Archive |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2022/countries/new-caledonia/ |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=www.cia.gov}}</ref> Noong mahigit 1500 BC ay dumating sila sa Vanuatu<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Vanuatu |url=https://thehavannah.com/history-of-vanuatu |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=The Havannah Vanuatu {{!}} Multi-Award Winning Resort |language=en-US}}</ref> at Fiji, pareho ng mga taong Lapita.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Land Use History - Soils of Fiji |url=https://fiji-psp.landcareresearch.co.nz/soil-formation/land-use-history/ |access-date=2024-05-07 |website=fiji-psp.landcareresearch.co.nz}}</ref>

Ang rehiyong ito ay naglalaman ng isa sa pinakamalaking natitirang rainforest na lugar sa mundo sa bansang Papua Bagong Ginea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Melanesia - WCS.org |url=https://www.wcs.org/our-work/regions/melanesia |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=www.wcs.org |language=en}}</ref> Naglalaman ito ng 2000 isla, kasama na ang pinakamalaking isla sa rehiyon, ang [[Bagong Ginea]], na itinuturing bilang ikalawa sa pinakamalaking isla sa buong mundo, na pinapangunahan ng [[Greenland]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Guinea & Surrounding Islands (AU13) |url=https://www.oneearth.org/bioregions/new-guinea-surrounding-islands-au13/ |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=One Earth |language=en}}</ref>

== Etimolohiya ==
Ang pangalang Melanesya ay nagmula sa salitang Antiguong Griyegong ''μέλας'' (mélas) na nagmula sa Proto-Helenikong salita na [[wiktionary:Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/mélās|*mélās]] na ang ibig-sabihin ay "itim", at ''νῆσος'' (nísos) na ang ibig-sabihin naman ay "isla", na nangangahulugang "mga isla ng itim [na mga tao]",<ref>{{Citation |title=Introduction |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137305893.0007 |work=Science, Voyages, and Encounters in Oceania, 1511-1850 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |access-date=2024-01-30}}</ref> bilang pantukoy sa maitim na balat ng mga naninirahang tao rito.

== Mga Sanggunian ==



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