Tingnan ang wikitext ng Phylum

{{otheruses}}
{{Biological classification}}

Sa [[taksonomiya]] ng larangan ng [[biyolohiya]],  '''phylum''' [isahan] o ''phyla'' [maramihan]; [[wikang Griyego|Griyego]]: {{polytonic|Φῦλα}}), o ang '''lapi''', o '''kalapian''', ay isang kahanayang ng pagkakapangkat-pangkat na nasa antas sa ilalim ng [[kaharian (biyolohiya)|kaharian]] at nasa ibabaw ng [[klase (biyolohiya)|biyolohiya]].  Kinuha ang salitang "phylum" mula sa ''phylai'' ({{polytonic|φυλαί}}) ng wikang Griyego, mga grupo ng mga angkan na naninirahan sa mga lungsod ng isinaunang [[Gresya]]; may kakayahan at karapatan sa paghalal ng pinunong-kaangkan ang mga ''phylai''. Sa larangan ng taksonomiya, kinakatawan ng mga phylum ang pinakamalaki at pinakakaraniwang kinikilalang pagbubuklod-buklod ng mga [[hayop]] at iba pang mga nilalang na may-buhay, at may tiyak na mga katangiang pang-ebolusyonaryo, bagaman kung minsan maaaring ihanay ang mga mismong phylum  sa mga ''superphyla'' (katulad ng [[Ecdysozoa]] na may walong phylum, kabilang ang mga [[arthropod]] at [[roundworm|bulating-bilog]]; at ang [[Deuterostomia]] na kabilang ang mga [[echinoderm]], [[chordate]], [[Hemichordata|hemichordate]] at [[Chaetognatha|bulating-pana]]) (''arrow worm'').

Sa impormal na paraan, maaaring isipin na ang mga phylum isang paglilipon ng mga hayop batay sa isang panlahatang [[body plan|kayarian ng katawan]];<ref>{{cite book
 | last = Valentine 
 | first = James W.
 | year = 2004
 | title = On the Origin of Phyla (Hinggil sa Pinagmulan ng mga Phylum)
 | publisher = Palimbagang Pampamantasan ng Chicago
 | location = Chicago
 | id = 0226845486
 | pages = 7
}}"<cite>.  Ginagamit na ang klasipikasyon ng mga organismo sa mga pamamaraan ng pag-aantas nang dumating ang ika-labimpito at ika-labingwalong mga dantaon.  Karaniwang tinitipon ang mga nilalang ayon sa kanilang mga pagkakatulad na pang-[[morpolohiya]], ayon sa kaalaman ng mga isinaunang mga dalubhasa, at ang mga kalipunang ito ay muling inihanay ayon sa <strong>kanilang</strong> mga pagkakatulad, at iba pa, upang makabuo ng pag-aantas (hirarkiya).</cite>"</ref>  Tinatawag itong pagpapangkat-pangkat na pang [[Comparative anatomy|morpolohiya]] (ayon sa pagkakahawig ng mga anatomiya).  Samakatuwid, sa kabila ng tila pagkakaiba ng mga ''panlabas'' na mga kaanyuhan ng mga nilalang, inihanay sila sa mga phylum ayon sa kanilang mga ''panloob'' na kayarian.<ref>{{cite book
 | last = Parker
 | first = Andrew
 | year = 2003
 | title = In the blink of an eye: How vision kick-started the big bang of evolution (Sa isang kisap-mata: Paano pinanimulan ng paningin ang pagsabog at paglaganap ng ebolusyon)
 | url = https://archive.org/details/inblinkofeyecaus0000park
 | publisher = Free Press
 | location = Sydney
 | id = 0743257332
 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/inblinkofeyecaus0000park/page/n20 1]–4
}}"<cite>  Ang trabaho ng biyolohistang ebololusyonaryo ay ang mabigyan ng kahulugan ang masalimuot na pagsasalunggatan ng hubog - hindi laging may kaugnayan sa pagitan ng panloob at panlabas na mga bahagi ng katawan.  Noong unang kapanahunan ng paksang ito, naging lantad na ang mga kayariang panloob - sa pangkalahataan - ay higit na mahalaga sa mataas na kahanayan ng mga hayop, kaysa sa mga panlabas na hugis.  Naglalagay ng '''malawakang limitasyon''' ang panlabas na kayarian sa kung paano humihinga, kumakain at gumagawa ng supling ang isang hayop.</cite>"</ref> Halimbawa, bagaman tila magkahiwalay at magkaiba, kapwa kabilang ang mga [[gagamba]] at mga [[alimango]] sa mga [[Arthropoda]], samantalang ang mga [[bulating-lupa]] at [[tapeworm|bulating-payat]], bagaman magkahugis, ay mula sa dalawang kahanayan.  Kabilang ang mga bulating-lupa sa mga [[Annelida]], samantalang ang mga bulating-payat ay mula sa mga [[Platyhelminthes]].  Datapwa pinapayagan ng [[International Code of Botanical Nomenclature|Kodigong Pansandaigdigan ng Pagpapangalang Pang-botaniko]] ang paggamit ng salitang "''phylum'' ilang panukoy sa mga [[halaman]], higit na mas ginagamit ng mga botanista ang salitang "[[Division (biology)|kahatian]]".

Ang pinakakilalang mga phylum ng hayop ay ang [[Mollusk|Mollusca]], [[Porifera]], [[Cnidaria]], [[Platyhelminthes]], [[Nematoda]], [[Annelida]], [[Arthropod]]a, [[Echinodermata]], at [[Chordate|Chordata]].  Sa huli nabibilang mga ang mga [[tao]].  Bagaman may 35 - humigit-kumulang - na mga phylum, kabilang sa siyam na nabanggit ang karamihan sa mga [[sari]].  Marami sa mga phylum ang nabubuhay sa tubig, at nag-iisa lamang ang wala sa mga [[karagatan]] ng mundo: ito ang [[Onychophora]] o bulating-pelus (bulating-tersiyupelo).

Ang pinakabagong natuklasang sari ay ang [[Cycliophora]]<ref>"<cite>… kapag may isang bagong tuklas na sari ng hayop, hindi man pangkaraniwan, maaaring ihanay ito sa isang kilala nang lupon ng mga nilalang na may katulad na kayarian ng katawan o sari.  Bagaman mayroon nang higit sa 1.5 milyong kilalang mga sari sa mundo, maaari silang ihanay sa loob ng 35 o higit pa na mga sari.  Kabilang sa mga ito ang mga kordata (''chordate'', mga vertebrata katulad ng [[tao]]), mga molusk (mga suso) at artropoda (may mga binting magkakaugpong; mga kulisap).  Subalit, ang S. pandora ay lubhang hindi pangkaraniwan kung kaya't hindi ito maihanay sa kahit na anong umiiral na kasarian, at dahil dito isang bagong sari ang iminungkahi: ang [[Cycliophora]]</cite>" [http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/articles/pandora.html] (pinuntahan ang URL noong 5 Hulyo 2006)</ref>, na natuklasan noong 1993; tatlong bagong sari lamang ang natuklasan sa loob ng huling dantaon.

Ang [[Cambrian explosion|pagsabog na Kambriyano]] ay isang malakihang pamumulaklak ng mga nilalang na may-buhay na naganap sa pagitan, humigit-kumulang, ng 530 at 520 milyong taon na ang nakalipas;<ref name=Valentine1999>{{cite journal
 | author = Valentine, J.W.
 | author2 = Jablonski, D.
 | author3 = Erwin, D.H.
 | date = 1 Marso 1999
 | title = Fossils, molecules and embryos: new perspectives on the Cambrian explosion (Mga bakas, molekula at embriyo: mga bagong pananaw hinggil sa Kambriyanong pagsabog)
 | journal = ''Development'' (Kaunlaran)
 | volume = 126
 | pages = 851–859
 | issn = 
 | doi = 
 | url = http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/126/5/851 
 | accessdate = 17 Mayo 2007
 }}</ref> noong mga panahong ito mayroon nang mga nilalang na kahawig ng makabagong sari, bagaman hindi naman kabilang sa mga ito;<ref name=Budd2000>{{cite journal
 | author = Budd, G.E.
 | author2 = Jensen, S.
 | year = 2000
 | title = A critical reappraisal of the fossil record of the bilaterian phyla (Isang mapagpunang pagsusuri ng talaan ng mga bakas ng saring bilateryano)
 | journal = Biological Reviews
 | volume = 75
 | issue = 02
 | pages = 253–295
 | issn = 
 | doi = 10.1017/S000632310000548X
 | url = http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S000632310000548X
 | accessdate = 26 Mayo 2007
 | archive-date = 15 Septiyembre 2019
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190915160434/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/biological-reviews/article/critical-reappraisal-of-the-fossil-record-of-the-bilaterian-phyla/84D1DF6738A47E565B400A50590E15E2
 | url-status = dead
 }}</ref> habang ang ilan naman ay parang mga kinatawan na nasa loob ng [[Ediacaran biota]], nananatili itong isang usapin na kung ang lahat ba ng mga sari ay namumuhay na bago man dumating ang pagsabog.  Sa loob ng maraming panahon, nagpabagu-bago ang mga gawain ng iba't ibang mga sari.  Halimbawa, noong panahong Kambriyano, ang nakalalamang na mga ''[[megafauna]]'' (megahayop), o malalaking mga hayop, ay ang mga artropoda, ngunit sa ngayon ang mga megahayop ay nalalamangan ng mga vertebrata (kordata)<ref>"<cite>Ang Kambriyanong Pagsabog… Ang hangganan ng mga organismo ay umaabot mula sa mga prokaryotiko [[cyanobacteria]] hanggang sa mga eukaryotikong luntian at pulang [[algae|alga]], [[sea sponge|esponghang-dagat]], [[brachiopod|brakyopoda]], [[priapulid|priyapulida]], [[annelid|anelida]], at maraming iba't ibang lipon ng mga [[arthropod|artropoda]] groups, maging mga [[echinoderm|ekinoderma]] at maaaring isa sa mga unang [[chordates|kordata]].</cite>"[http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Paleontology/Paleozoology/EarlyPaleozoic/EarlyPaleozoic.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070416120412/http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Paleontology/Paleozoology/EarlyPaleozoic/EarlyPaleozoic.htm |date=2007-04-16 }} (pinuntahan ang URL noong 5 Hulyo 2006)</ref>  Magpahanggang sa ngayon, ang pinaka-nakalalamang na sari ay ang mga artropoda.
==Mga phyla==

===Mga hayop===


{| class="wikitable"
|-
  | style="background: #ffe0e0" width="15%"|
  | [[Protostome]]
  |rowspan="4"| [[Bilateria]]
  |rowspan="2"| [[Nephrozoa]]
|-
  | style="background: #f8de7e"|
  | [[Deuterostome]]
|-
  | style="background: #a0b0d0"|
  | Basal/disputed
  |rowspan="4"| Non-Bilateria
|-
  | style="background: #f8be9a"|
  | [[Vendobionta]]
|-
  | style="background: #a6ba9e"|
  |colspan="2" | [[Parazoa]]
|-
  | style="background: #bebebe"|
  |colspan="2"| Others
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
!Phylum!!Kahulugan!!Karaniwang pangalan!!Natatanging katangian!!Inilalarawang taxa
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Annelida]]
|Little ring <ref name="K&D">{{cite book | last1 = Margulis | first1 = Lynn | author-link = Lynn Margulis | last2 = Chapman
 | first2 = Michael J. | title = Kingdoms and Domains | publisher = Academic Press | edition = 4th corrected | date = 2009 | location = London | isbn = 9780123736215 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9IWaqAOGyt4C}}</ref>{{rp|306}}
|Segmented worms
|Multiple circular segments
|{{nts|22000}} + extant
|-style="background: #bebebe"
|[[Agmata]]
|Fragmented
|Agmates
|Calcareous conical shells
|5 species, extinct
|-style="background: #a6ba9e"
|[[Archaeocyatha]]
|Ancient cups
|Archaeocyathids
|An extinct taxon of sponge-grade, reef-building organisms living in warm tropical and subtropical waters during the Early Cambrian. 
|3 known classes (Extinct)
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Arthropoda]]
|Jointed foot
|Arthropods
|Segmented bodies and jointed limbs, with [[Chitin]] [[exoskeleton]]
|{{nts|1250000}}+ extant;<ref name="Zhang2013" /> 20,000+ extinct
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Brachiopoda]]
|Arm foot<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|336}}
|Lampshells<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|336}}
|[[Lophophore]] and [[Brachiopod#pedicle|pedicle]]
|{{nts|300}}-500 extant; 12,000+ extinct<!--Please do not change data without providing a reliable source-->
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Bryozoa]] ([[Ectoprocta]])
|Moss animals
|Moss animals, sea mats, ectoprocts<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|332}}
|Lophophore, no pedicle, [[cilia]]ted [[tentacle]]s, anus outside ring of cilia
|{{nts|6000}} extant<ref name="Zhang2013"/>
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Chaetognatha]]
|Longhair jaw
|Arrow worms<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|342}}
|[[Chitin]]ous spines either side of head, fins
|{{nts|100|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}} extant<!--Please do not change data without providing a reliable source-->
|- style="background: #f8de7e"
|[[Chordata]]
|With a cord
|Chordates
|Hollow [[dorsal nerve cord]], [[notochord]], [[pharyngeal slit]]s, [[endostyle]], post-[[anus|anal]] [[tail]]
|{{nts|55000|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}+<ref name="Zhang2013"/>
|- style="background: #bebebe"
|[[Cnidaria]]
|Stinging nettle
| Cnidarians
|[[Nematocysts]] (stinging cells)
|{{nts|16000|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}<ref name="Zhang2013"/>
|- style="background: #bebebe"
|[[Ctenophora]]
|Comb bearer
|Comb jellies<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|256}}
|Eight "comb rows" of fused cilia
|{{nts|100|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}-150 extant<!--Please do not change data without providing a reliable source-->
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Cycliophora]]
|Wheel carrying
|''Symbion''
|Circular mouth surrounded by small cilia, sac-like bodies
|{{nts|3}}+
|- style="background: #f8de7e"
|[[Echinodermata]]
|Spiny skin
|Echinoderms<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|348}}
|Fivefold radial [[symmetry]] in living forms, [[germ layer#Mesoderm|mesodermal]] calcified spines
|{{nts|7500|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}} extant;<ref name="Zhang2013"/> approx. 13,000 extinct
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Entoprocta]]
|Inside [[anus]]<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|292}}
|Goblet worms
|Anus inside ring of cilia
|{{nts|150|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Gastrotricha]]
|Hairy stomach<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|288}}
| Gastrotrich worms
|Two terminal adhesive tubes
|{{nts|690|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Gnathostomulida]]
|Jaw orifice
|Jaw worms<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|260}}
|Tiny worms related to rotifers with no body cavity
|{{nts|100|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}
|- style="background: #f8de7e"
|[[Hemichordata]]
|Half cord<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|344}}
|Acorn worms, hemichordates
|[[Stomochord]] in collar, [[pharyngeal slit]]s
|{{nts|130|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}} extant
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Kinorhyncha]]
|Motion snout
|Mud dragons
|Eleven segments, each with a dorsal plate
|{{nts|150|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Loricifera]]
|Corset bearer
|Brush heads
|Umbrella-like scales at each end
|{{nts|122|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Limnognathia|Micrognathozoa]]
|Tiny jaw animals
| ''Limnognathia''
|[[Accordion]]-like extensible [[thorax]]
|{{nts|1}}
|- style="background: #f8be9a"
|[[Medusoid]]
|Jellyfish-like
|Medusoids
|These are extinct creatures described as jellyfish-like and inhabited the late Precambrian, Ediacaran and early Cambrian.
|18 genera, extinct
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Mollusca]]
|Soft<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|320}}
|Mollusks / molluscs
|Muscular foot and [[Mantle (mollusc)|mantle]] round shell
|{{nts|85000}}+ extant;<ref name="Zhang2013"/> 80,000+ extinct<ref>Feldkamp, S. (2002) ''Modern Biology''. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, USA. (pp. 725)</ref>
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Nematoda]]
|Thread like
|Round worms, thread worms<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|274}}
|Round cross section, [[keratin]] [[cuticle]]
|{{nts|25000}}<ref name="Zhang2013"/>
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Nematomorpha]]
|Thread form<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|276}}
| Horsehair worms, gordian worms<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|276}}
|Long, thin parasitic worms closely related to nematodes
|{{nts|320|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Nemertea]]
|A sea nymph<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|270}}
|Ribbon worms, rhynchocoela<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|270}}
|Unsegmented worms, with a proboscis housed in a cavity derived from the coelom called the rhynchocoel
|{{nts|1200|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Onychophora]]
|Claw bearer
|Velvet worms<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|328}}
|Worm-like animal with legs tipped by chitinous claws
|{{nts|200|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}} extant
|- style="background: #f8be9a"
|[[Petalonamae]]
|Shaped like leaves 
|No
|An extinct phylum from the Ediacaran. They are bottom-dwelling and immobile, shaped like leaves (frondomorphs), feathers or spindles.
|3 classes, extinct
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Phoronid]]a
|Zeus's mistress
|Horseshoe worms
|U-shaped gut
|{{nts|11}}
|- style="background: #a6ba9e"
|[[Placozoa]]
|Plate animals
|Trichoplaxes<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|242}}
|Differentiated top and bottom surfaces, two ciliated cell layers, amoeboid fiber cells in between
|{{nts|3}}
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Platyhelminthes]]
|Flat worm<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|262}}
|Flatworms<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|262}}
|Flattened worms with no body cavity. Many are parasitic.
|{{nts|29500|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}<ref name="Zhang2013"/>
|- style="background: #a6ba9e"
|[[Porifera]]
|Pore bearer
|Sponges<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|246}}
|Perforated interior wall, simplest of all known animals
|{{nts|10800}} extant<ref name="Zhang2013"/>
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Priapulida]]
|Little [[Priapus]]
|Penis worms
|Penis-shaped worms
| {{nts|20|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}
|- style="background: #f8be9a"
|[[Proarticulata]]
|Before articulates
|Proarticulates
|An extinct group of mattress-like organisms that display "glide symmetry." Found during the Ediacaran.
|3 classes, extinct
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Rhombozoa]] ([[Dicyemida]])
|Lozenge animal
| Rhombozoans<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|264}}
|Single [[Anatomical terms of location|anteroposterior]] [[Axis of rotation|axial]] [[cell (biology)|celled]] endoparasites, surrounded by ciliated cells
|{{nts|100}}+
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Rotifera]]
|Wheel bearer
|Rotifers<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|282}}
|Anterior crown of cilia
|{{nts|2000|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}<ref name="Zhang2013"/>
|-style="background: #f8de7e"
|[[Saccorhytida]]
|Saccus : "pocket" and "wrinkle"
|Saccorhytus
|Saccorhytus is only about 1&nbsp;mm (1.3&nbsp;mm) in size and is characterized by a spherical or hemispherical body with a prominent mouth.  Its body is covered by a thick but flexible cuticle.  It has a nodule above its mouth. Around its body are 8 openings in a truncated cone with radial folds.
|1 species, extinct
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
|[[Tardigrada]]
|Slow step
|Water bears, Moss piglets 
|Microscopic relatives of the arthropods, with a four segmented body and head
|{{nts|1000}}
|- style="background: #f8be9a"
|[[Trilobozoa]]
|Three-lobed animal
|Trilobozoan
|A taxon of mostly discoidal organisms exhibiting tricentric symmetry.  All are Ediacaran-aged
|18 genera, extinct
|-style="background: #f8de7e"
|[[Vetulicolia]]
|Ancient dweller 
|Vetulicolian
|Might possibly be a subphylum of the chordates. Their body consists of two parts: a large front part and covered with a large "mouth" and a hundred round objects on each side that have been interpreted as gills - or at least openings in the vicinity of the animal.  Their posterior pharynx consists of 7 segments. 
|15 species, extinct
|- style="background: #a0b0d0"
|[[Xenacoelomorpha]]
|Strange hollow form
|Subphylum Acoelomorpha and xenoturbellida
|Small, simple animals. [[Bilateria]]n, but lacking typical bilaterian structures such as gut cavities, anuses, and circulatory systems<ref name="Cannon2016">{{cite journal|last1=Cannon |first1=J.T. |last2=Vellutini |first2=B.C. |last3=Smith |first3=J. |last4=Ronquist |first4=F. |last5=Jondelius |first5=U. |last6=Hejnol |first6=A. |title=Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa |journal=Nature |volume=530 |issue=7588 |date=4 February 2016 |pages=89–93 |pmid=26842059 |doi=10.1038/nature16520|url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:nrm:diva-1844 |bibcode=2016Natur.530...89C |s2cid=205247296 }}</ref>
|{{nts|400}}+
|-class="sortbottom"
|'''Total: 40'''
|
|
|
|'''1,525,000'''<ref name="Zhang2013"/>
|}

===Mga halaman===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
  | style="background: #cbfdcb" width="15%"|
  | [[Embryophyte|Land plants]]
  |rowspan="2"| [[Viridiplantae]]
|-
  | style="background: #c2e085"|
  | [[Green algae]]
|-
  | style="background: #bebebe"|
  |colspan="2"| Other algae ([[Biliphyta]])<ref name="6kingdoms" />
|}

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Division!!Meaning!!Common name!!Distinguishing characteristics!!Species described
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Anthocerotophyta]]<ref name = Mauseth489>{{cite book | last = Mauseth | first = James D. | title = Botany : An Introduction to Plant Biology | edition = 5th | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1-4496-6580-7 | publisher = Jones and Bartlett Learning | location = Sudbury, MA}} p. 489</ref>
| ''[[Anthoceros]]''-like plants
| Hornworts
| Horn-shaped [[sporophyte]]s, no vascular system
| {{nts|100}}-300+
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Moss|Bryophyta]]<ref name = Mauseth489/>
| ''[[Bryum]]''<!--is that right? Bruon is Greek for moss-->-like plants, moss plants
| Mosses
| Persistent unbranched [[sporophyte]]s, no vascular system
| {{nts|12000|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}
|- style="background: #c2e085"
| [[Charophyta]]
| ''[[Chara (alga)|Chara]]''-like plants
| Charophytes
| 
| {{nts|1000|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}
|- style="background: #c2e085"
| [[Chlorophyta]]
| (Yellow-)green plants<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|200}}
| Chlorophytes
|
| {{nts|7000|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Cycadophyta]]{{sfn|Mauseth|2012|p=540}}
| ''[[Cycas]]''-like plants, palm-like plants
| Cycads
| Seeds, crown of compound leaves
| {{nts|100|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}-200
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Ginkgophyta]]{{sfn|Mauseth|2012|p=542}}
| ''[[Ginkgo]]''-like plants
| Ginkgo, maidenhair tree
| Seeds not protected by fruit (single living species)
| {{nts|1|prefix=only&nbsp;}} extant; 50+ extinct
|- style="background: #bebebe"
| [[Glaucophyta]]
| Blue-green plants
| Glaucophytes
|
| {{nts|15}}
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Gnetophyta]]{{sfn|Mauseth|2012|p=543}}
| ''[[Gnetum]]''-like plants
| Gnetophytes
| Seeds and woody vascular system with vessels
| {{nts|70|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Lycopodiophyta]],<ref name="Cronquist 1966 129–134"/><br>
[[Lycophyta]]{{sfn|Mauseth|2012|p=509}}
|''[[Lycopodium]]''-like plants<br>
Wolf plants
| Clubmosses & spikemosses
|[[Microphyll]] [[leaf|leaves]], vascular system
| {{nts|1290}} extant
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| ''[[Magnolia]]''-like plants
| Flowering plants, angiosperms
| Flowers and fruit, vascular system with vessels
| {{nts|300000}}
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Marchantiophyta]],<ref name="Stotlers 2000">{{cite book | last1=Crandall-Stotler | first1=Barbara | last2=Stotler | first2=Raymond E. | year=2000 | chapter=Morphology and classification of the Marchantiophyta | page=21 |editor1=A. Jonathan Shaw |editor2=Bernard Goffinet | title=Bryophyte Biology | location=Cambridge | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=978-0-521-66097-6 }}</ref><br>
Hepatophyta<ref name = Mauseth489/>
| ''[[Marchantia]]''-like plants<br>
Liver plants
| Liverworts
| Ephemeral unbranched [[sporophyte]]s, no vascular system
| {{nts|9000|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
|'''[[Fern|Polypodiophyta]]''',
[[Monilophyta]]
|''[[Polypodium]]''-like plants<br>
|Ferns
|[[Megaphyll]] [[leaf|leaves]], vascular system
| {{nts|10560|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Pinophyta]],<ref name="Cronquist 1966 129–134"/><br>
Coniferophyta{{sfn|Mauseth|2012|p=535}}
|''[[Pinus]]''-like plants<br>
Cone-bearing plant
| Conifers
| Cones containing seeds and wood composed of tracheids
| {{nts|629}} extant
|- style="background: #bebebe"
|[[Rhodophyta]]
|Rose plants
|Red algae
|Use [[phycobiliprotein]]s as [[accessory pigment]]s.
|{{nts|7000|prefix=approx.&nbsp;}}
|- wowowowk
|'''Total: 14'''
|
|
|
|}

=== Fungi ===
{{Main|Fungi}}

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Dibisyon!!Kahulugan!!Karaniwang pangalan!!Natatanging katangian!!Inilalarawang espesye
|-
| [[Ascomycota]]
| Bladder fungus<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|396}}
| Ascomycetes,<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|396}} sac fungi
|Tend to have fruiting bodies (ascocarp).<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Advances in Applied Microbiology Chapter 2 - Fungal Spores for Dispersion in Space and Time|journal=Advances in Applied Microbiology|volume=85|pages=43–91|last=Wyatt, T., Wosten, H.|first=Dijksterhuis, J.|doi = 10.1016/B978-0-12-407672-3.00002-2|pmid=23942148|year=2013}}</ref> Filamentous, producing hyphae separated by septa. Can reproduce asexually.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/classifications-of-fungi/|title=Classifications of Fungi {{!}} Boundless Biology|website=courses.lumenlearning.com|access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref>
|30,000
|-
| [[Basidiomycota]]
| Small base fungus<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|402}}
| Basidiomycetes,<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|402}} club fungi
|Bracket fungi, toadstools, smuts and rust. Sexual reproduction.<ref name="courses.lumenlearning.com">{{cite web |title=Archaeal Genetics {{!}} Boundless Microbiology |url=https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-microbiology/chapter/archaeal-genetics/ |website=courses.lumenlearning.com}}</ref>
| 31,515
|-
| [[Blastocladiomycota]]
| Offshoot branch fungus<ref>{{cite web
 | url = http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/fungi/blastocladiomycota/default.htm
 | title = Blastocladiomycota
 | last1 = Holt
 | first1 = Jack R.
 | last2 = Iudica
 | first2 = Carlos A.
 | date = 1 October 2016
 | website = Diversity of Life
 | publisher = Susquehanna University
 | access-date = 29 December 2016
 | archive-date = 30 Disyembre 2016
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161230230213/http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/fungi/blastocladiomycota/default.htm
 | url-status = dead
 }}</ref>
| Blastoclads
|
| Less than 200
|-
| [[Chytridiomycota]]
| Little cooking pot fungus<ref>{{cite web
 | url = http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/fungi/chytridiomycota/default.htm
 | title = Chytridiomycota
 | last1 = Holt
 | first1 = Jack R.
 | last2 = Iudica
 | first2 = Carlos A.
 | date = 9 January 2014
 | website = Diversity of Life
 | publisher = Susquehanna University
 | access-date = 29 December 2016
 | archive-date = 19 Marso 2017
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170319031638/http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/fungi/chytridiomycota/default.htm
 | url-status = dead
 }}</ref>
| Chytrids
|Predominantly Aquatic [[Saprotrophic nutrition|saprotrophic]] or parasitic. Have a posterior [[flagellum]]. Tend to be single celled but can also be multicellular.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Chytridiomycota|title=Chytridiomycota {{!}} phylum of fungi|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Physical Chemical Properties of Fungi|last=McConnaughey|first=M|doi = 10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.05231-4|year = 2014|isbn = 9780128012383}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Fossil Fungi Chapter 4 - Chytridiomycota|last=Taylor, Krings and Taylor|first=Thomas, Michael and Edith|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-387731-4.00004-9|year=2015|journal=Fossil Fungi|pages=41–67}}</ref>
|1000+
|-
| [[Glomeromycota]]
| Ball of yarn fungus<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|394}}
| Glomeromycetes, {{abbr|AM|arbuscular mycorrhizal}} fungi<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|394}}
|Mainly arbuscular mycorrhizae present, terrestrial with a small presence on wetlands. Reproduction is asexual but requires plant roots.<ref name="courses.lumenlearning.com"/>
|284
|-
| [[Microsporidia]]
| Small seeds<ref>{{cite web
 | url = http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/fungi/microsporidia/default.htm
 | title = Microsporidia
 | last1 = Holt
 | first1 = Jack R.
 | last2 = Iudica
 | first2 = Carlos A.
 | date = 12 March 2013
 | website = Diversity of Life
 | publisher = Susquehanna University
 | access-date = 29 December 2016
 | archive-date = 30 Disyembre 2016
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161230160226/http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/fungi/microsporidia/default.htm
 | url-status = dead
 }}</ref>
| Microsporans<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|390}}
| 
| 1400
|-
| [[Neocallimastigomycota]]
| New beautiful whip fungus<ref>{{cite web
 | url = http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/fungi/neocallimastigomycota/default.htm
 | title = Neocallimastigomycota
 | last1 = Holt
 | first1 = Jack R.
 | last2 = Iudica
 | first2 = Carlos A.
 | date = 23 April 2013
 | website = Diversity of Life
 | publisher = Susquehanna University
 | access-date = 29 December 2016
 | archive-date = 20 Hunyo 2016
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160620114513/http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/fungi/neocallimastigomycota/default.htm
 | url-status = dead
 }}</ref>
| Neocallimastigomycetes
|Predominantly located in digestive tract of herbivorous animals. Anaerobic, terrestrial and aquatic.<ref name="Types of Fungi">{{Cite web|url=https://biologywise.com/types-of-fungi|title=Types of Fungi|website=BiologyWise|date=22 May 2009|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-05}}</ref>
| approx. 20 <ref name="Phylogeny of anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota), with contributions from yak in China">{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Xuewei |last2=Liu |first2=Xingzhong |last3=Groenewald |first3=Johannes Z. |title=Phylogeny of anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota), with contributions from yak in China |journal=Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |date=2017 |volume=110 |issue=1 |pages=87–103 |doi=10.1007/s10482-016-0779-1 |pmid=27734254 |pmc=5222902 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Zygomycota]]
| Pair fungus<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|392}}
| Zygomycetes<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|392}}
|Most are saprobes and reproduce sexually and asexually.<ref name="Types of Fungi"/>
| aprox. 1060
|-class="sortbottom"
|'''Total: 8'''
|
|
|
|}

=== Protista ===
{{Main|Protista}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
  | style="background: #cbfdcb" width="30%"|
  | [[Harosa]]
|-
  | style="background: #ffe0e0"|
  | [[Protozoa]]
|}

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Phylum/Dibisyon!!Kahulugan!!Karaniwang pangalan!!Natatanging katangian!!Halimbawa!!Inilalarawang espesye
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
| [[Amoebozoa]]
| Amorphous animal
| Amoebas
| Presence of [[pseudopodia]]
| ''[[Amoeba (genus)|Amoeba]]''
| 2400
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Bigyra]]
| Two rings
|
|
|
|
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Cercozoa]]
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
| [[Choanozoa]]
| Funnel animal
|
|
| Presence of a colar of microvilli surrounding a [[flagellum]]
|125
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Ciliophora]]
| Cilia bearer
| Ciliates
| Presence of multiple cilia and a [[cytostome]]
| ''Paramecium''
|4500
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Cryptista]]
| Hidden
|
|
|
|
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
| [[Euglenozoa]]
| True eye animal
|
|
| ''Euglena''
|800
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Foraminifera]]
| Hole bearers
| Forams
| Complex shells with one or more chambers
| Forams
|10000, 50000 extinct
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Haptophyta]]
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
| [[Loukozoa]]
| Groove animal
|
|
|
|
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
| [[Metamonada]]
| Middle single-celled organisms
|
|
|
| ''Giardia''
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
| [[Microsporidia]]
| Small spore
|
|
|
|
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Myzozoa]]
| Suckling animal
|
|
|
|1555+
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Ochrophyta]]
| Yellow plant
| 
|
|
| Diatoms
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Oomycota]]
| Egg fungus<ref name="K&D" />{{rp|184}}
| Oomycetes
|
|
|
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
| [[Percolozoa]]
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="background: #cbfdcb"
| [[Radiozoa]]
| Ray animal
| Radiolarians
|
|
|
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
| [[Sarcomastigophora]]
| Flesh and whip bearer
|
|
|
|
|- style="background: #ffe0e0"
| [[Sulcozoa]]
|
|
|
|
|
|-class="sortbottom"
|'''Total: 19'''
|
|
|
|}

The Catalogue of Life includes [[Rhodophyta]] and [[Glaucophyta]] in kingdom Plantae,<ref name="CoLtree" /> but other systems consider these phyla part of Protista.<ref>{{cite journal| last = Corliss| first  = John O.| date = 1984| title  = The Kingdom Protista and its 45 Phyla| journal  = BioSystems| volume = 17| issue  = 2| pages  = 87–176|doi=10.1016/0303-2647(84)90003-0| pmid = 6395918}}</ref>

=== Bacteria ===
{{main|Bacterial phyla}}

<!--COPY-PASTE FROM THERE-->
Currently there are bacterial 40 phyla (not including "[[Cyanobacteria]]") that have been validly published according to the [[Bacteriological Code]]<ref name="LPSN phyla">{{cite web | vauthors = Euzéby JP, ((Parte AC.)) | url = https://lpsn.dsmz.de/text/names-of-phyla | title = Names of phyla | access-date = April 3, 2022 | publisher = [[List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]] (LPSN)}}</ref>
# [[Acidobacteriota]], phenotypically diverse and mostly uncultured
# [[Actinomycetota]], High-G+C Gram positive species
# [[Aquificota]], deep-branching
# [[Armatimonadota]]
# [[Atribacterota]]
# [[Bacillota]], Low-G+C Gram positive species, such as the spore-formers [[Bacilli]] (aerobic) and [[Clostridia]] (anaerobic)
# [[Bacteroidota]]
# [[Balneolota]]
# [[Bdellovibrionota]]
# [[Caldisericota]], formerly candidate division OP5, ''Caldisericum exile'' is the sole representative
# [[Calditrichota]]
# [[Campylobacterota]]
# [[Chlamydiota]]
# [[Chlorobiota]], green sulphur bacteria
# [[Chloroflexota]], green non-sulphur bacteria
# [[Chrysiogenota]], only 3 genera (''Chrysiogenes arsenatis'', ''Desulfurispira natronophila'', ''Desulfurispirillum alkaliphilum'')
# [[Coprothermobacterota]]
# [[Deferribacterota]]
# [[Deinococcota]], ''Deinococcus radiodurans'' and ''Thermus aquaticus'' are "commonly known" species of this phyla
# [[Dictyoglomota]]
# [[Elusimicrobiota]], formerly candidate division Thermite Group 1
# [[Fibrobacterota]]
# [[Fusobacteriota]]
# [[Gemmatimonadota]]
# [[Ignavibacteriota]]
# [[Kiritimatiellota]]
# [[Lentisphaerota]], formerly clade VadinBE97
# [[Mycoplasmatota]], notable genus: ''[[Mycoplasma]]''
# [[Myxococcota]]
# [[Nitrospinota]]
# [[Nitrospirota]]
# [[Planctomycetota]]
# [[Pseudomonadota]], the most well-known phylum, containing species such as ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' or ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]''
# [[Rhodothermota]]
# [[Spirochaetota]], species include ''[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]'', which causes Lyme disease
# [[Synergistota]]
# [[Thermodesulfobacteriota]]
# [[Thermomicrobiota]]
# [[Thermotogota]], deep-branching
# [[Verrucomicrobiota]]

=== Archaea ===
{{main|Archaea}}
Currently there are 2 phyla that have been validly published according to the [[Bacteriological Code]]<ref name="LPSN phyla" />
# [[Nitrososphaerota]]
# [[Thermoproteota]], second most common archaeal phylum
Other phyla that have been proposed, but not validly named, include:
# "[[Euryarchaeota]]", most common archaeal phylum
# "[[Korarchaeota]]"
# "[[Nanoarchaeota]]", ultra-small symbiotes, single known species

==Tingnan din==
*[[Kladistiko]]
*[[Pilohenetiko]]
*[[Sistematiko]]
*[[Taksonomiya]]

==Mga sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

==Mga ugnayang panlabas==
*[http://waynesword.palomar.edu/trnov01.htm Mga Pangunahin Sangahay ng mga Hayop] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060716113027/http://waynesword.palomar.edu/trnov01.htm |date=2006-07-16 }}

[[Etimolohiya]]:
*[http://www.bartleby.com/61/54/P0275400.html American Heritage Dictionary (Diksiyunaryo ng Pamanang Amerikano)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210155812/http://www.bartleby.com/61/54/P0275400.html |date=2007-02-10 }}: ''Phylum'', bagong salitang Latin, mula sa Griyegong ''phūlon'' (klase).
*[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?l=p&p=15 Diksiyunaryong pang-Etimolohiya sa internet]: mula sa Griyegong ''phylon'' (lahi, lipi, kasapi, pinagmulan); na kaugnay ng ''phyle'' (tribo, angkan), at ''phylein'' (dalhin dito) ng ''physikos'' (tumutukoy sa kalikasan); mula sa ''physis'' (kalikasan)

{{Taxonomic ranks}}

[[Kategorya:Pagtitipun-tipong pang-agham]]
[[Kategorya:Pagpapangalang pang-botanika]]
[[Kategorya:Taksonomiya ng halaman]]
[[Kategorya:Lapi]]