Talatuntunan ng kulay

Sampol ng mga kalibrasyon ng kulay[1]
Klase B–V U–B V–R R–I Teff (K)
O5V –0.33 –1.19 –0.15 –0.32 42,000
B0V –0.30 –1.08 –0.13 –0.29 30,000
A0V –0.02 –0.02 0.02 –0.02 9,790
F0V 0.30 0.03 0.30 0.17 7,300
G0V 0.58 0.06 0.50 0.31 5,940
K0V 0.81 0.45 0.64 0.42 5,150
M0V 1.40 1.22 1.28 0.91 3,840

Sa astronomiya, ang talatuntunan ng kulay (color index) ay isang payak na ekspresyong numerikal na nagdedetermina sa kulay ng isang bagay, na sa kaso ng bituin ay ang kanilang temperatura. Para masukat ang talatuntunan, tuluyang inoobserbahan ang magnitud ng isang bagay gamit ang dalawang magkaibang pansala sa sistemang UBV, tulad ng U at B, o B at V, kung saan sensitibo ang U sa mga silahis na ultrabiyoleta, sensitibo ang B sa bughaw na liwanag, at sensitibo ang V sa liwanag na makikita (luntian-dilaw). The set of passbands or filters is called a photometric system. The difference in magnitudes found with these filters is called the U-B or B–V color index, respectively. The smaller the color index, the more blue (or hotter) the object is. Conversely, the larger the color index, the more red (or cooler) the object is. This is a consequence of the logarithmic magnitude scale, in which brighter objects have smaller (more negative) magnitudes than dimmer ones. For comparison, the yellowish Sun has a B–V index of 0.656 ± 0.005,[2] while the bluish Rigel has B–V –0.03 (its B magnitude is 0.09 and its V magnitude is 0.12, B–V = –0.03).[3]

Color indices of distant objects are usually affected by interstellar extinction —i.e. they are redder than those of closer stars. The amount of reddening is characterized by color excess, defined as the difference between the Observed color index and the Normal color index (or Intrinsic color index), the hypothetical true color index of the star, unaffected by extinction. For example, in the UBV photometric system we can write it for the B-V color:

${\displaystyle E_{B-V}=(B-V)_{\textrm {Observed}}-(B-V)_{\textrm {Intrinsic}}}$

The passbands most optical astronomers use are the UBVRI filters, where the U, B, and V filters are as mentioned above, the R filter passes red light, and the I filter passes infrared light. This system of filters is sometimes called the Johnson-Cousins filter system, named after the originators of the system (see references). These filters were specified as particular combinations of glass filters and photomultiplier tubes. M. S. Bessell specified a set of filter transmissions for a flat response detector, thus quantifying the calculation of the color indices.[4] For precision, appropriate pairs of filters are chosen depending on the object's color temperature: B-V are for mid-range objects, U-V for hotter objects, and R-I for cool ones.