Hilagang Irlanda

Hilagang Irlanda

Northern Ireland
Tuaisceart Éireann
Hilagang Irlanda; Northern Ireland; Tuaisceart Éireann
constituent country of the United Kingdom
	Mga koordinado: 54°36′27″N 6°41′33″W / 54.6075°N 6.6925°W
Bansa	United Kingdom
Itinatag	8 Mayo 1921
Kabisera	Belfast
Bahagi	Talaan Fermanagh and Omagh, Derry City and Strabane, Mid Ulster, Causeway Coast and Glens, Mid and East Antrim, Antrim and Newtownabbey, Ards and North Down, Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon, Lisburn and Castlereagh, Newry, Mourne and Down, Belfast;
Pamahalaan
• Uri	Monarkiyang konstitusyonal
Lawak
• Kabuuan	14,130 km2 (5,460 milya kuwadrado)
Populasyon (2015)
• Kabuuan	1,852,168
• Kapal	130/km2 (340/milya kuwadrado)
Sona ng oras	UTC+01:00
Kodigo ng ISO 3166	GB-NIR
Wika	Ingles, Wikang Irlandes

Ang Hilagang Irlanda (Ingles: Northern Ireland, Irlandes: Tuaisceart Éireann [ˈt̪ˠuəʃcəɾˠt̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ] ( listen);^[1] Ulster-Eskoses: Norlin Airlann) ay iba't iba ang pagsasalarawan bilang isang bansa, lalawigan, o rehiyon na bahagi ng Reino Unido.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] Matatagpuan sa hilagang-silangan ng pulo ng Irlanda, ibinabahagi ang hangganan nito sa timog at kanluran sa Republika ng Irlanda. Noong 2011, mayroon itong populasyon na 1,810,863,^[7] na binubuo ng mga 30% na populasyon ng pulo at mga 3% ng populasyon ng Reino Unido. Ang Asembliya ng Irlanda (kolokyal na tinutukoy bilang Stormont dahil sa lokasyon nito), ay itinatag sa pamamagitan ng Batas ng Hilagang Irlanda ng 1998, na may responsibilidad sa iba't ibang pabago-bagong polisiya, habang nakareserba ang ibang larangan sa pamahalaang Britaniko. May kooperasyon ang Hilagang Irlanda at Republika ng Irlanda sa ilang parte.^[8]

Nalikha ang Hilagang Irlanda noong 1921, nang hinati ang Irlanda sa pamamagitan ng Batas ng Pamahalaan ng Irlanda ng 1920. Karamihan sa populasyon ng Hilagang Irlanda ay unyonista, na gustong manatili sa Reino Unido.^[9] Pangkalahatan silang inapo ng kolonista mula sa Gran Britanya. Habang ang mayorya sa Katimugang Irlanda (na naging Malayang Estadong Irlandes noong 1922), at isang mahalagang minorya sa Hilagang Irlanda, ay nasyonalistang Irlandes at mga Katoliko na nais ang isang pinag-isang malayang Irlanda.^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13] Ngayon, tinitingnan ng mga unyonista ang kanilang sarili bilang Britaniko habang ang mga nasyonalista naman bilang Irlandes, habang ang identidad na Hilagang Irlandes o Ulster ay inaangkin ng isang malaking minorya na mula sa iba't ibang pinagmulan.^[14]

Heograpiya

Mga Kondado

Ang Hilagang Irlanda ay naglalaman ng anim na makasaysayang mga kondado. Ang mga ito ay: County Antrim, County Armagh, County Down, County Fermanagh, County Londonderry, at County Tyrone.

Ang mga kondadong ito ay hindi na ginagamit bilang lokal na pamahalaan sapagkat pinalitan nila ito ng labing isang distrito na pinalitan rin ang dalawangpu't anim na distrito noong 2015.

Mga lungsod at bayan

Ang sampung pinakapopuladong mga lungsod at bayan sa Hilagang Irlanda ay:

1	Belfast	334,420
2	Derry	84,750
3	Lisburn	71,403
4	Greater Craigavon	68,890
5	Newtownabbey	66,120
6	Bangor	62,650
7	Ballymena	30,590
8	Newtownards	28,860
9	Newry	28,080
10	Carrickfergus	27,640

Mga sanggunian

↑ Tuaisceart Éireann. DFA.ie. Hinango noong 27 Marso 2016 (sa Ingles).
↑ "Statistic of the United Kingdom" (sa wikang Ingles). Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 5 Enero 2016.
↑ "Northern Ireland". Encyclopædia Britannica (sa wikang Ingles). Nakuha noong 11 Oktubre 2015.
↑ S. Dunn; H. Dawson (2000), An Alphabetical Listing of Word, Name and Place in Northern Ireland and the Living Language of Conflict (sa wikang Ingles), Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press, One specific problem – in both general and particular senses – is to know what to call Northern Ireland itself: in the general sense, it is not a country, or a province, or a state – although some refer to it contemptuously as a statelet: the least controversial word appears to be jurisdiction, but this might change.
↑ J. Whyte; G. FitzGerald (1991), Interpreting Northern Ireland (sa wikang Ingles), Oxford: Oxford University Press, One problem must be adverted to in writing about Northern Ireland. This is the question of what name to give to the various geographical entities. These names can be controversial, with the choice often revealing one's political preferences. ... some refer to Northern Ireland as a 'province'. That usage can arouse irritation particularly among nationalists, who claim the title 'province' should be properly reserved to the four historic provinces of Ireland-Ulster, Leinster, Munster, and Connacht. If I want to a label to apply to Northern Ireland I shall call it a 'region'. Unionists should find that title as acceptable as 'province': Northern Ireland appears as a region in the regional statistics of the United Kingdom published by the British government.
↑ D. Murphy (1979), A Place Apart (sa wikang Ingles), London: Penguin Books, Next – what noun is appropriate to Northern Ireland? 'Province' won't do since one-third of the province is on the wrong side of the border. 'State' implies more self-determination than Northern Ireland has ever had and 'country' or 'nation' are blatantly absurd. 'Colony' has overtones that would be resented by both communities and 'statelet' sounds too patronizing, though outsiders might consider it more precise than anything else; so one is left with the unsatisfactory word 'region'.
↑ Northern Ireland Statistics & Research Agency (Disyembre 2012). "Census 2011 Key Statistics for Northern Ireland" (PDF). Inarkibo mula sa orihinal (PDF) noong 24 Disyembre 2012. Nakuha noong 14 Enero 2013.
↑ Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Government of Ireland (1998), Northern Ireland Peace Agreement (The Good Friday Agreement) (sa wikang Ingles), inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2013-02-21, nakuha noong 2021-04-03
↑ "Standing up for Northern Ireland" (sa wikang Ingles). Ulster Unionist Party. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 4 Mayo 2009. Nakuha noong 2 Agosto 2008.
↑ Richard Jenkin, 1997, Rethinking ethnicity: arguments and explorations, SAGE Publications: London: "In Northern Ireland the objectives of contemporary nationalists are the reunification of Ireland and the removal of British government." (sa Ingles)
↑ Peter Dorey, 1995, British politics since 1945, Blackwell Publishers: Oxford: "Just as some Nationalists have been prepared to use violence in order to secure Irish reunification, so some Unionists have been prepared to use violence in order to oppose it." (sa Ingles)
↑ "Strategy Framework Document: Reunification through Planned Integration: Sinn Féin's All Ireland Agenda" (sa wikang Ingles). Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 16 Hulyo 2006. Sinn Féin. Hinango noong 2 Agosto 2008.
↑ "Policy Summaries: Constitutional Issues" (sa wikang Ingles). Social Democratic and Labour Party. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 18 Hunyo 2009. Nakuha noong 2 Agosto 2008.
↑ "Which of these best describes the way you think of yourself?". Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey (sa wikang Ingles). 2014. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 24 Pebrero 2021. Nakuha noong 24 Marso 2016.

[1] Tuaisceart Éireann. DFA.ie. Hinango noong 27 Marso 2016 (sa Ingles).

[2] "Statistic of the United Kingdom" (sa wikang Ingles). Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 5 Enero 2016.

[3] "Northern Ireland". Encyclopædia Britannica (sa wikang Ingles). Nakuha noong 11 Oktubre 2015.

[alphabeticalNI-4] S. Dunn; H. Dawson (2000), An Alphabetical Listing of Word, Name and Place in Northern Ireland and the Living Language of Conflict (sa wikang Ingles), Lampeter: Edwin Mellen Press, One specific problem – in both general and particular senses – is to know what to call Northern Ireland itself: in the general sense, it is not a country, or a province, or a state – although some refer to it contemptuously as a statelet: the least controversial word appears to be jurisdiction, but this might change.

[interpretingNI-5] J. Whyte; G. FitzGerald (1991), Interpreting Northern Ireland (sa wikang Ingles), Oxford: Oxford University Press, One problem must be adverted to in writing about Northern Ireland. This is the question of what name to give to the various geographical entities. These names can be controversial, with the choice often revealing one's political preferences. ... some refer to Northern Ireland as a 'province'. That usage can arouse irritation particularly among nationalists, who claim the title 'province' should be properly reserved to the four historic provinces of Ireland-Ulster, Leinster, Munster, and Connacht. If I want to a label to apply to Northern Ireland I shall call it a 'region'. Unionists should find that title as acceptable as 'province': Northern Ireland appears as a region in the regional statistics of the United Kingdom published by the British government.

[placeApart-6] D. Murphy (1979), A Place Apart (sa wikang Ingles), London: Penguin Books, Next – what noun is appropriate to Northern Ireland? 'Province' won't do since one-third of the province is on the wrong side of the border. 'State' implies more self-determination than Northern Ireland has ever had and 'country' or 'nation' are blatantly absurd. 'Colony' has overtones that would be resented by both communities and 'statelet' sounds too patronizing, though outsiders might consider it more precise than anything else; so one is left with the unsatisfactory word 'region'.

[Norther_Ireland_Statistics_&_Research_Agency_2012-7] Northern Ireland Statistics & Research Agency (Disyembre 2012). "Census 2011 Key Statistics for Northern Ireland" (PDF). Inarkibo mula sa orihinal (PDF) noong 24 Disyembre 2012. Nakuha noong 14 Enero 2013.

[gfa-8] Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Government of Ireland (1998), Northern Ireland Peace Agreement (The Good Friday Agreement) (sa wikang Ingles), inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2013-02-21, nakuha noong 2021-04-03

[9] "Standing up for Northern Ireland" (sa wikang Ingles). Ulster Unionist Party. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 4 Mayo 2009. Nakuha noong 2 Agosto 2008.

[10] Richard Jenkin, 1997, Rethinking ethnicity: arguments and explorations, SAGE Publications: London: "In Northern Ireland the objectives of contemporary nationalists are the reunification of Ireland and the removal of British government." (sa Ingles)

[11] Peter Dorey, 1995, British politics since 1945, Blackwell Publishers: Oxford: "Just as some Nationalists have been prepared to use violence in order to secure Irish reunification, so some Unionists have been prepared to use violence in order to oppose it." (sa Ingles)

[12] "Strategy Framework Document: Reunification through Planned Integration: Sinn Féin's All Ireland Agenda" (sa wikang Ingles). Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 16 Hulyo 2006. Sinn Féin. Hinango noong 2 Agosto 2008.

[13] "Policy Summaries: Constitutional Issues" (sa wikang Ingles). Social Democratic and Labour Party. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 18 Hunyo 2009. Nakuha noong 2 Agosto 2008.

[14] "Which of these best describes the way you think of yourself?". Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey (sa wikang Ingles). 2014. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 24 Pebrero 2021. Nakuha noong 24 Marso 2016.

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