Tingnan ang wikitext ng COVID-19

{{About|sakit|birus|Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|epidemya|Pandemya ng COVID-19|isa pang nakamamatay na sakit dulot ng koronabirus noong 2019|Middle East respiratory syndrome}}

{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = ''Sakit sa coronavirus 2019''<br />(COVID-19)
| synonyms        = 
* "Coronavirus"
*''2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease''
*''Novel coronavirus pneumonia''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(20)30211-7.pdf|title=Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study|last=|first=|date=14 February 2020|website=The Lancet|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Han|first=Xiaoyu|last2=Cao|first2=Yukun|last3=Jiang|first3=Nanchuan|last4=Chen|first4=Yan|last5=Alwalid|first5=Osamah|last6=Zhang|first6=Xin|last7=Gu|first7=Jin|last8=Dai|first8=Meng|last9=Liu|first9=Jie|last10=Zhu|first10=Wanyue|last11=Zheng|first11=Chuansheng|title=Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Progression Course in 17 Discharged Patients: Comparison of Clinical and Thin-Section CT Features During Recovery|url=https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciaa271/5813539|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|language=en|doi=10.1093/cid/ciaa271}}</ref> 
| image           = Symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (cropped).png
| width           = 
| alt             = 
| caption         = Mga sintomas
| pronounce       =
| specialty       = [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Nakahahawang sakit]]
| symptoms        = Lagnat, ubo, pangangapos ng hininga<ref name="CDC2020Sym"/>
| complications   = [[Viral pneumonia|Pneumonia]], [[ARDS]], [[Acute kidney injury|paghinto ng bato]]
| onset           = [[Yugto ng inkubasyon]] karaniwang 5–6 araw (maaaring nasa pagitan ng 2–14 araw)
| duration        =
| types           = 
| causes          = [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|SARS-CoV-2]]
| risks           = Pagbibiyahe, pagkalantad sa virus
| diagnosis       = [[Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction|pagsusuring rRT-PCR]], [[iskanang CT]]
| differential    =
| prevention      = [[Paghuhugas ng kamay]], [[kuwarantina]], [[panlipunang pagdidistansya|pisikal na pagpapalayo]]
| treatment       = [[Symptomatic treatment|Sintomatiko]] and [[supportive treatment|pag-aalalay]]
| medication      =
| prognosis       =
| frequency       = {{Cases in 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic|confirmed|editlink=|ref=yes}} kumpirmadong kaso
| deaths          = {{Cases in 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic|deaths|editlink=|ref=yes}} ({{Cases in 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic|ratio|editlink=|ref=no}} ng kumpirmadong kaso){{Cases in 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic|ref=yes}}
}}
Ang '''''sakit sa coronavirus 2019'''''<ref>{{cite|url=https://www.epa.gov/lep/tagalog-covid19|title=Sakit sa Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)|publisher=Environmental Protection Agency}}</ref> o '''''coronavirus disease 2019''''' ('''COVID-19''')<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200211-sitrep-22-ncov.pdf|title=Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): situation report, 22|last=|first=|date=February 11, 2020|publisher=[[World Health Organization]]|issue=|doi=|volume=|pmid=|access-date=|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|year=}}</ref> na dating kilala bilang '''''2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease''''', ay isang nakahahawang sakit dulot ng [[SARS-CoV-2]], isang birus na may kaugnayan sa [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus|SARS-CoV]].<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite journal|last=Gorbalenya|first=Alexander E.|date=2020-02-11|title=Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus – The species and its viruses, a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group|url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.937862v1|journal=bioRxiv|language=en|pages=2020.02.07.937862|doi=10.1101/2020.02.07.937862|access-date=11 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211175138/https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.937862v1|archive-date=11 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51466362|title=Coronavirus disease named Covid-19|date=2020-02-11|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=2020-02-11|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211162411/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51466362|archive-date=11 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Naitala ang mga unang kaso nito sa [[Wuhan]], kabisera ng [[Hubei|lalawigan ng Hubei]], sa [[Tsina]] noong Disyembre 2019, at mula noon ay kumalat sa buong mundo, na humantong sa nagpapatuloy na [[pandemya ng COVID-19]].<ref name="Hui14Jan2020">{{cite journal|author-last1=Hui|author-last10=Drosten|doi=10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009|pmid=31953166|pages=264–66|issue=|volume=91|date=February 2020|journal=Int J Infect Dis|title=The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health—The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China|author-first12=E.|author-last12=Petersen|author-first11=A.|author-last11=Zumla|author-link10=Christian Drosten|author-first10=Christian|author-first9=Z. A.|author-first1=D. S.|author-last9=Memish|author-first8=T. D.|author-last8=Mchugh|author-first7=G.|author-last7=Ippolito|author-first6=O.|author-last6=Dar|author-first5=R.|author-last5=Kock|author-first4=F.|author-last4=Ntoumi|author-first3=T. A.|author-last3=Madani|author2=I. Azhar E.|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="WHOPandemic">{{cite press release|title=WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|date=11 March 2020|url=https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020|access-date=12 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kabilang sa mga [[sintomas]] nito ang [[lagnat]], [[ubo]], at [[pangangapos ng hinihinga]].<ref name="CDCSym">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|title=Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|date=10 February 2020|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=11 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130202038/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|archive-date=30 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kabilang sa mga iba pang sintomas ang [[Myalgia|kirot sa kalamnan]], [[Sputum|pag-uuhog]], [[pagtatae]], [[pamamaga ng lalamunan]], [[Loss of smell|pagkawala ng pang-amoy]], at sakit sa tiyan.<ref name="CDC2020Sym" /><ref name="whoqa">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|title=Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19)|url-status=live|access-date=11 March 2020|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}</ref><ref name="entuk-anosmia">{{cite web|url=https://www.entuk.org/loss-sense-smell-marker-covid-19-infection|title=Loss of sense of smell as marker of COVID-19 infection|last=Hopkins|first=Claire|date=|website=Ear, Nose and Throat surgery body of United Kingdom|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527203954/https://www.entuk.org/sites/default/files/files/Loss%20of%20sense%20of%20smell%20as%20marker%20of%20COVID.pdf|archive-date=2020-05-27|access-date=|accessdate=2020-03-28}}</ref> Habang nagreresulta ang karahiman ng kaso sa mga di-malubhang sintomas, maaaring humantong ang ilan sa [[pulmonya]] at [[Multi-organ failure|pagkasira ng iilang sangkap]].<ref name="Hui14Jan2020" /><ref name="WHO-q-a">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|title=Q&A on coronaviruses|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120174649/https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|archive-date=20 January 2020|access-date=27 January 2020|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> Noong pagsapit ng {{Cases in 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic|date|editlink=|ref=no}}, higit sa {{Cases in 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic|conround|editlink=|ref=no}} kaso ng COVID-19 ay naitala sa higit sa 200 bansa at teritoryo, na nagresulta sa kamatayan ng humigit-kumulang sa {{Cases in 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic|dround|editlink=|ref=no}}.<ref name="WOM2">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 935,957 Cases and 47,245 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Outbreak - Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/|website=www.worldometers.info|accessdate=2 April 2020|language=en}}</ref> Higit sa {{Cases in 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic|recround|editlink=|ref=no}} katao ang gumaling na.<ref name="WOM2" />
<!-- 3) Spread and diagnosis -->
<!-- DO NOT INTERFERE WITH THE SECTION BEGIN/END TAGS, AS IT WILL BREAK THE PANDEMIC ARTICLE --><section begin="Spread"/>Karaniwang [[Transmission (medicine)|naipapasa]] ang sakit sa mga ibang tao sa malapitang pakikitungo,{{efn|Binibigyang-kahulugan ang malapitang pakikitungo bilang isang metro (~3.3 talampakan) ng WHO<ref name="WHO2020QA">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|title=Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19)|date=17 April 2020|work=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514224315/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses | archive-date=14 May 2020 | url-status=live | access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> at ~1.8 metro (6 talampakan) ng CDC.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html |title=How COVID-19 Spreads |date=2 April 2020|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403001235/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/transmission.html|archive-date=April 3, 2020|access-date=April 3, 2020}}</ref>|name=|group=}} kadalasan sa pamamagitan ng mga [[Respiratory droplet|maliit na patak]] kapag umuubo,{{efn|Ang ubo na hindi natakpan ay maaaring maglakbay hanggang 8.2 metro (27 talampakan).<ref name="Bourouiba, JAMA, 26 March">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bourouiba L | title = Turbulent Gas Clouds and Respiratory Pathogen Emissions: Potential Implications for Reducing Transmission of COVID-19 | journal = JAMA | date = March 2020 | pmid = 32215590 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2020.4756 | doi-access = free }}</ref>}} bumabahing, at nagsasalita.<ref name="WHO2020QA">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|title=Q&A on coronaviruses|work=[[World Health Organization]]|date=11 February 2020|access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—Transmission|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/transmission.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|accessdate=23 March 2020|language=en-us|date=17 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="ECDCQA">{{cite web|url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/questions-answers|title=Q & A on COVID-19|website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control|access-date=30 April 2020}}</ref> Kadalasan, nahuhulog ang mga patak sa sahig o sa mga ibabaw sa halip na  [[airborne disease|lumipad sa hangin sa malalayong distansiya]].<ref name="WHO2020QA" /><!--These droplets are relatively heavy, do not travel far and quickly sink to the ground. --> Di-ganoong karaniwan, maaaring mahawaan ang isang tao kung hahawakan niya ang isang kontiminadong bagay at pagkatapos nito ay hahawakan niya ang kanyang mukha.<ref name="WHO2020QA" /><!-- These droplets land on objects and surfaces around the person. Other people then catch COVID-19 by touching these objects or surfaces, then touching their eyes, nose or mouth. -->{{fact}}<!-- The virus is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person [...] Between people who are in close contact with one another --> Pinakanakahahawa ito sa unang ikaltlong araw sa pagkatapos ng paglitaw ng sintomas, ngunit maaaring makahawa bago lumitaw ang mga sintomas, at mula sa mga taong walang sintomas.<ref name="WHO2020QA" /><!-- DO NOT REMOVE THE FOLLOWING TAG --><section end="Spread"/> Ang pamantayang pamamaraan ng [[Diagnosis|pagsusuri]] ay sa pamamagitan ng [[real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction|r''eal-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction'']] (rRT-PCR) mula sa [[nasopharyngeal swab|pamahid sa nasoparinks]] (''nasopharyngeal swab'').<ref name="CDC2020Testing">{{cite web |title=Interim Guidelines for Collecting, Handling, and Testing Clinical Specimens from Persons for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/guidelines-clinical-specimens.html |website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=26 March 2020 |date=11 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304165907/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/lab/guidelines-clinical-specimens.html |archive-date=4 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Makatutulong din ang ''[[Chest CT]]'' para sa pagririkonosi ng mga indibidwal kung saan may mataas na paghihinala ng impeksyon batay sa mga sintomas at salik sa panganib; ngunit hindi inirerekumenda ng mga patnubay ang paggamit sa ''CT imaging'' para sa rutinang pag-iskrin.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors = Salehi S, Abedi A, Balakrishnan S, Gholamrezanezhad A | title = Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Imaging Findings in 919 Patients | journal = AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology | pages = 1–7 | date = March 2020 | pmid = 32174129 | doi = 10.2214/AJR.20.23034 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="acr.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.acr.org/Advocacy-and-Economics/ACR-Position-Statements/Recommendations-for-Chest-Radiography-and-CT-for-Suspected-COVID19-Infection|title=ACR Recommendations for the use of Chest Radiography and Computed Tomography (CT) for Suspected COVID-19 Infection | date=2020-03-22|website=American College of Radiology|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328055813/https://www.acr.org/Advocacy-and-Economics/ACR-Position-Statements/Recommendations-for-Chest-Radiography-and-CT-for-Suspected-COVID19-Infection|archive-date=28 March 2020|access-date=}}</ref>

Kabilang sa mga inirerekumendang hakbang upang maiwasan ang pagkahawa ay madalas na [[paghuhugas ng kamay]], [[panlipunang pagdidistansya]] (pagpapanatili ng pisikal na distansya mula sa ibang tao, lalo na sa mga may sintomas), pagtatakip ng mga ubo at bahing ng tisyu o panloob na siko, at paglayo ng maruming kamay mula sa mukha.<ref name="Advice for public">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public|title=Advice for public|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|access-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126025750/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public|archive-date=26 January 2020|url-status=live|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/covid-19-guidance-on-social-distancing-and-for-vulnerable-people/guidance-on-social-distancing-for-everyone-in-the-uk-and-protecting-older-people-and-vulnerable-adults|title=Guidance on social distancing for everyone in the UK|website=GOV.UK|language=en|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> Inirerekumenda ang paggamit ng mga [[Masks|mask]] sa mga nagsususpetsa na may birus sila at sa kanilang tagapag-alaga.<ref name="CDC2020IfSick">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/steps-when-sick.html|title=2019&nbsp;Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|author=CDC|date=11 February 2020|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214153016/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/steps-when-sick.html|archive-date=14 February 2020|access-date=15 February 2020|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> Nagkakaiba-iba ang mga rekomendasyon sa paggamit ng mask ng publiko. Hindi nirerekumenda ng iilan ang kanilang paggamit, nirerekumenda naman ng iilan ang paggamit, at inaatas ng mga iba pa ang paggamit.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Feng|first6=Benjamin J.|issn=2213-2600|doi=10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30134-X|volume=0|language=English|journal=The Lancet Respiratory Medicine|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(20)30134-X/abstract|title=Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic|date=2020-03-20|last6=Cowling|first=Shuo|first5=Mengzhen|last5=Fan|first4=Wei|last4=Song|first3=Nan|last3=Xia|first2=Chen|last2=Shen|pmid=32203710}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=When and how to use masks|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/when-and-how-to-use-masks|website=www.who.int|accessdate=31 March 2020|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Tait|first=Robert|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/30/czechs-get-to-work-making-masks-after-government-decree-coronavirus|title=Czechs get to work making masks after government decree|date=2020-03-30|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-03-31|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Sa kasalukuyan, wala pang mga [[bakuna]] o tiyak na [[Antiviral treatment|gamot panlaban sa birus]] para sa COVID-19. Kasali sa pangangasiwa nito ang [[Palliative care|paggamot ng mga sintomas]], [[Supportive care|pag-aalalay]], [[Isolation (health care)|pagbubukod]], at [[Medical research|eksperimentong pamamaraan]].<ref name="cdc21Jan202022">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention-treatment.html|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)|date=15 February 2020|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226145347/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention-treatment.html|archive-date=26 February 2020|access-date=20 February 2020|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref>

Noong 30 Enero 2020, indineklara ng [[Pandaigdigang Organisasyon sa Kalusugan]] (WHO) ang [[pagkalat ng koronabirus ng 2019–20]] bilang isang [[Kagipitan ng Pampublikong Kalusugang May Pandaigdigang Pakundangan]] (PHEIC)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)|title=Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=2020-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131005904/https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)|archive-date=31 January 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/coronavirus-china-live-updates/2020/02/05/114ced8a-479c-11ea-bc78-8a18f7afcee7_story.html|title=Hundreds of evacuees to be held on bases in California; Hong Kong and Taiwan restrict travel from mainland China - The Washington Post<!-- Bot generated title -->|access-date=11 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207134650/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/coronavirus-china-live-updates/2020/02/05/114ced8a-479c-11ea-bc78-8a18f7afcee7_story.html|archive-date=7 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> at bilang [[pandemya]] noong 11 Marso 2020.<ref name="WHOPandemic" /> Naitala ang [[Local transmission|lokal na transmisyon]] ng sakit sa maraming bansa sa lahat ng anim na [[WHO regions|rehiyon ng WHO]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200325-sitrep-65-covid-19.pdf|title=WHO Situation Report #65|last=|first=|date=25 March 2020|website=WHO|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>

== Palatandaan at sintomas ==
{{See also|Pagkakaiba sa pagitan ng COVID-19 at Influenza}}
{{clear}}
{| class="wikitable" style = "float:right; margin-left:1em; text-align:center"
!Mga Sintomas<ref name="WHOReport24Feb2020">{{cite report | title = Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) | date = 16–24 February 2020 | url = https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) | access-date = 21 March 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200229221222/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf | archivedate = 29 February 2020 | url-status = live }}</ref>
!%
|-
|Lagnat
|88
|-
|Tuyong ubo
|68
|-
|Pagkapagod
|38
|-
|[[Sputum|Pag-uuhog]]
|33
|-
| [[Anosmia|Pagkawala ng pang-amoy]]
| 15<ref name=Palus/> to 30<ref name="entuk-anosmia"/><ref name="Iacobucci2020"/>
|-
|Pangangapos ng hinihinga
|19
|-
|Kirot sa [[Muscle pain|kalamnan]] o [[Arthralgia|kasukasuan]]
|15
|-
|Pamamaga ng lalamunan
|14
|-
|Sakit ng ulo
|14
|-
|Pagginaw
|11
|-
|Pagduduwal o pagsusuka
|5
|-
|Pagbabara ng ilong
|5
|-
|[[Pagtatae]]
|4 to 31<ref name=":10" />
|-
|[[Haemoptysis|Paglurandugo]]
|0.9
|-
|[[Pamamaga ng mata]]
|0.8
|}
Ang mga nahawa ng birus ay maaaring [[Asymptomatic carrier|asintomatiko]] o magkaroon ng mga [[Influenza-like illness|malatrangkaso na sintomas]], kasama ang lagnat, ubo, pagkapagod, at pangangapos ng hinihinga.<ref name="CDC2020Sym">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Symptoms|date=10 February 2020|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|location=United States|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130202038/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|archive-date=30 January 2020|access-date=|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite journal|author-last1=Chen|title=Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study|author-last12=Yu|author-first12=T.|author-last13=Zhang|author-first13=X.|author-last14=Zhang|author-first14=L.|language=English|author-last11=Xia|journal=Lancet|volume=395|issue=10223|pages=507–513|date=February 2020|pmid=32007143|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7|author-first11=J.|author-first10=Y.|author-first1=N.|author-first5=F.|author-last2=Zhou|author-first2=M.|author-last3=Dong|author-first3=X.|author-last4=Qu|author-first4=J.|author-last5=Gong|author-last6=Han|author-last10=Wei|author-first6=Y.|author-last7=Qiu|author-first7=Y.|author-last8=Wang|author-first8=J.|author-last9=Liu|author-first9=Y.|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Hessen27Jan2020">{{cite web|url=https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|title=Novel Coronavirus Information Center: Expert guidance and commentary|last=Hessen|first=Margaret Trexler|name-list-format=vanc|date=27 January 2020|website=Elsevier Connect|url-status=live|access-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130171622/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center|archive-date=30 January 2020}}</ref> Kabilang sa mga kagipitang sintomas ang paghihirap sa paghinga, paulit-ulit na sakit o panggigipit sa dibdib, pagkalito, nahihirapang gumising, at mangasul-ngasul na mukha o labi; kailangan magpatingin agad sa doktor kung lumitaw ang ganitong mga sintomas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—Symptoms|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=21 March 2020|language=en-us|date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320231801/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Maaari ring magkaroon ng sintomas sa [[Upper respiratory|gawing itaas ng palahingahan]], tulad ng [[Sneeze|pagbahing]], [[Rhinorrhoea|sipon]], o [[pamamaga ng lalamunan]] ngunit mas bihira ang mga ganito. Naobserbahan din ang mga sintomas tulad ng [[nausea]], [[Vomiting|pagsusuka]], at [[pagtatae]] sa mga iba't ibang porsyento.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news|title=Clinical Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Pneumonia with Diarrhea|first1=Xiao-Shan|last1=Wei|first2=Xuan|last2=Wang|first3=Yi-Ran|last3=Niu|first4=Lin-Lin|last4=Ye|first5=Wen-Bei|last5=Peng|first6=Zi-Hao|last6=Wang|first7=Wei-Bing|last7=Yang|first8=Bo-Han|last8=Yang|first9=Jian-Chu|last9=Zhang|first10=Wan-Li|last10=Ma|first11=Xiao-Rong|last11=Wang|first12=Qiong|last12=Zhou|date=26 February 2020|doi=10.2139/ssrn.3546120|ssrn = }}</ref><ref name="Huang24Jan2020">{{cite journal|vauthors=Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B|display-authors=6|title=Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China|journal=Lancet|volume=395|issue=10223|pages=497–506|date=February 2020|pmid=31986264|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lai|title=Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges|pmid=32081636|doi=10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924|page=105924|issue=3|volume=55|language=en|journal=International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents|date=1 March 2020|first1=Chih-Cheng|first5=Po-Ren|last5=Hsueh|first4=Hung-Jen|last4=Tang|first3=Wen-Chien|last3=Ko|first2=Tzu-Ping|last2=Shih|issn=0924-8579}}</ref> Ang mga ilang kaso sa Tsina ay nagpakita sa una na may [[Chest pain|paninikip ng dibdib]] at [[Palpitations|pagtitibok]] lamang.<ref name="Zheng Ma Zhang Xie p.">{{cite journal|vauthors=Zheng YY, Ma YT, Zhang JY, Xie X|title=COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system|journal=Nature Reviews. Cardiology|date=March 2020|pmid=32139904|doi=10.1038/s41569-020-0360-5|doi-access=free}}</ref> Noong Marso 2020 nagkaroon ng mga ulat na nagpahayag na ang [[Anosmia|pagkawala ng pang-amoy]] (''anosmia'') ay maaaring karaniwang sintomas sa mga may di-malubhang sakit,<ref name="Iacobucci2020">{{cite journal|last1=Iacobucci|first1=Gareth|title=Sixty seconds on ... anosmia|journal=BMJ|year=2020|volume=368|pages=m1202|issn=1756-1833|doi=10.1136/bmj.m1202|pmid=32209546}}</ref><ref name="entuk-anosmia3" /> although not as common as initially reported.<ref name=Palus>{{cite web|url=https://slate.com/technology/2020/03/coronavirus-sense-of-smell-nytimes-fact-check.html|title=The Key Stat in the NYTimes' Piece About Losing Your Sense of Smell Was Wrong|last=Palus|first=Shannon|date=2020-03-27|website=Slate Magazine|access-date=2020-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328163737/https://slate.com/technology/2020/03/coronavirus-sense-of-smell-nytimes-fact-check.html|archive-date=28 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ngunit hindi ito ganoong karniwan tulad noong unang iniulat.<ref name="Palus" /> Sa mga ilan, maaaring lumala ang sakit tungo sa [[pulmonya]], [[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome|pagkasira ng iilang sangkap]], at [[kamatayan]].<ref name="Hui14Jan2020" /><ref name="WHO-q-a" /> Sa mga nagkakaroon ng mga matitinding sintomas, ang oras mula sa simula ng sintomas patungo sa pangangailangan ng de-makinang bentilasyon ay karaniwang walong araw.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|date=11 February 2020|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302201644/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html|archive-date=2 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

Gaya ng pangkaraniwan sa mga impeksyon, mayroong pagkaantala mula sa sandaling mahawahan ang tao ng birus hanggang sa oras na nagkakaroon sila ng sintomas. Tinatawag itong [[Incubation period|yugto ng inkubasyon]]. Karaniwang lima hanggang anim na araw ang yugto ng inkubasyon para sa COVID-19, ngunit maaari itong nasa pagitan ng dalawa hanggang labing-apat na araw.<ref>{{Cite document|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 29|date=19 February 2020|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|hdl=10665/331118|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|title=Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19): How long is the incubation period for COVID-19?|date=|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120174649/https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|archive-date=20 January 2020|access-date=26 February 2020|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> 97.5% ng mga nagkakaroon ng sintomas ay magkakaroon nito sa loob ng 11.5 araw ng pagkahawa.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lauer|last9=Lessler|archive-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324032020/https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2762808/incubation-period-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-from-publicly-reported|access-date=24 March 2020|issn=0003-4819|pmc=7081172|pmid=32150748|doi=10.7326/M20-0504|language=en|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|url=https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2762808/incubation-period-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-from-publicly-reported|title=The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application|date=10 March 2020|first9=Justin|first8=Nicholas G.|first1=Stephen A.|last8=Reich|first7=Andrew S.|last7=Azman|first6=Hannah R.|last6=Meredith|first5=Qulu|last5=Zheng|first4=Forrest K.|last4=Jones|first3=Qifang|last3=Bi|first2=Kyra H.|last2=Grantz|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ipinapahayag ng mga ulat na hindi lahat ng mga nahawa ay nagkakaroon ng mga sintomas, ngunit hindi alam ang kanilang papel sa pagkakalat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/faq.html|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)|last=CDC|date=2020-02-11|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|access-date=2020-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214023335/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/faq.html|archive-date=14 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Iminumungkahi ng pangunang ebidensya na maaaring mag-ambag ang mga asintomatikong kaso sa pagkalat ng sakit.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bai|date=2020-02-21|archive-date=4 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304210815/https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2762028|access-date=8 March 2020|pmid=32083643|pmc=7042844|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.2020.2565|language=en|journal=JAMA|url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2762028|title=Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19|first7=Meiyun|first=Yan|last7=Wang|first6=Lijuan|last6=Chen|first5=Dong-Yan|last5=Jin|first4=Fei|last4=Tian|first3=Tao|last3=Wei|first2=Lingsheng|last2=Yao|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-31/china-reveals-1-541-symptom-free-virus-cases-under-pressure|title=China Reveals 1,541 Symptom-Free Virus Cases Under Pressure|last=|first=|date=31 March 2020|website=www.bloomberg.com|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-03-31}}</ref> Hindi alam at pinag-aaralan pa ang hagway ng nahawang tao na hindi nagpapakita ng sintomas sa kasalukuyan. Iniulat ng CDC ng Timog Korea na 20% ng lahat ng kumpirmadong kaso ay nanatiling asintomatiko noong panahon ng pamamalagi sa ospital.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ktv.go.kr/program/home/PG1110921D/content/595426|title=코로나19 국내 발생현황 브리핑 (20. 03. 16. 14시)|website=ktv.go.kr|language=ko|access-date=2020-03-31}}</ref>

==Sanhi==
{{See also|SARS-CoV-2}}
===Pagkakalat===

[[File:Sneeze.JPG|alt=Cough/sneeze droplets visualized in dark background using Tyndall scattering|thumb|Mga palahingahang patak na nilalabas habang [[Sneeze|bumabahing]] ang isang tao]]
[[File:COVID19 in numbers- R0, the case fatality rate and why we need to flatten the curve.webm|thumb|thumbtime=4:02|Isang video na nagtatalakay tungkol sa [[basic reproduction number|pangunahing bilang ng pagpaparami]] at [[case fatality rate|bilang ng namamatay na kaso]] sa konteksto ng pandemya]]

Pinag-aaralan pa rin ang iilang detalye kung paano [[transmission (medicine)|kumakalat]] ang sakit.<ref name="ECDCQA" /><!-- Quote=We are still learning how it spreads --> Sinabi ng WHO at CDC na pangunahin nang naikakalat ito tuwing malapit na kaugnayan at sa pamamagitan ng [[Respiratory droplet|palahingahang patak]] mula sa [[Ubo|pag-ubo]] at [[Sneeze|pagbahing]];<ref name=WHO2020QA/><!-- The virus is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person ... Between people who are in close contact with one another ... Via respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. --><!-- Quote=The main way the disease spreads is through respiratory droplets expelled by someone who is coughing. --> at binibigyang-kahulugan ang malapit na kaugnayan bilang nasa pagitan ng 1{{nbsp}}hanggang 2{{nbsp}}metro (3 to 6{{nbsp}}talampakan).<ref name=WHO2020QA/><!-- This is why it is important to stay more than a meter (3 feet) away from a person who is sick. --> Natuklasan ng isang pagsusuri sa Singgapura na maaaring humantong ang ubo na hindi tinakpan sa paglalakbay ng mga patak ng hanggang 4.5 metro (15 talampakan).<ref>{{cite journal |display-authors=etal |last1=Loh |first1=Ne-Hooi Will |last2=Tan |first2=Yanni |last3=Taculod |first3=Juvel H. |title=The Impact of High-Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) on Coughing Distance: Implications on Its Use During the Novel Coronavirus Disease Outbreak |journal=Canadian Journal of Anesthesia |date=18 March 2020 |doi=10.1007/s12630-020-01634-3 |pmid=32189218 |pmc=7090637}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bourouiba|first1=Lydia|title=Turbulent Gas Clouds and Respiratory Pathogen Emissions: Potential Implications for Reducing Transmission of COVID-19|journal=JAMA|date=26 March 2020 |pmid = 32215590|doi=10.1001/jama.2020.4756}}</ref> 

Maaari ring maglabas ng palahingahang patak habang humihinga, pati na rin kapag nagsasalita, ngunit karaniwang hindi [[airborne|dalang-hangin]] ang birus.<ref name=WHO2020QA/><!-- when a person with COVID-19 coughs or exhales ... Studies to date suggest that the virus that causes COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through contact with respiratory droplets rather than through the air. --><ref name=WHOMar27Airborne>{{cite web |title=Modes of transmission of virus causing COVID-19: implications for IPC precaution recommendations |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations |website=www.who.int |accessdate=29 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref><!-- Based on the available evidence, including the recent publications mentioned above, the WHO continues to recommend droplet and contact precautions for those people caring for COVID-19 patients and contact and airborne precautions for circumstances and settings in which aerosol generating procedures are performed. -->Maaaring lumapag ang mga patak sa mga bibig at ilong ng mga tao na malapit o posibleng malanghap sa mga baga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—Transmission |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fprepare%2Ftransmission.html |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |accessdate=29 March 2020 |language=en-us |date=17 March 2020}}</ref><!-- Quote These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs. --> Ang mga ilang prosesong medikal tulad ng intubasyon at [[cardiopulmonary resuscitation|pagmamalay-tao sa puso at baga]] (CPR) ay maaaring maging sanhi ng pag-eerosol ng nilalabas ng palahingahan at sa gayon ay magreresulta sa pagkalat sa hangin.<ref name=WHOMar27Airborne/> Maaari ring kumalat ito kapag humahawak ang tao ng kontaminadong bagay at pagkatapos ay hahawak sa kanyang mata, ilong, o bibig.<ref name=WHO2020QA/><!-- These droplets land on objects and surfaces around the person. Other people then catch COVID-19 by touching these objects or surfaces, then touching their eyes, nose or mouth. --> Habang ikinababahala ang posibilidad na kinakalat ito sa [[Fecal–oral route|tae]], pinaniniwalaang mababa ang panganib.<ref name=WHO2020QA/><!-- The risk of catching COVID-19 from the feces of an infected person appears to be low. -->{{fact}}<!-- within about six feet -->

Pinakanakahahawa ang birus kapag sintomatiko ang mga tao; habang posible ang pagkalat nito bago lumitaw ang mga sintomas, mababa ang panganib.{{fact}}<!-- Quote = People are thought to be most contagious when they are most symptomatic (the sickest){{nbsp}}... Some spread might be possible before people show symptoms --><ref name="WHO2020QA" /><!-- Quote = The risk of catching COVID-19 from someone with no symptoms at all is very low. --> Sinasabi ng [[European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control|Sentro ng Europa sa Pag-iwas at Pagkontrol sa Sakit]] (ECDC) na habang hindi klarong-klaro kung gaano kadali kumalat ang sakit, ang isang tao ay karaniwang nakahahawa sa dalawa o tatlong tao.<ref name="ECDCQA">{{cite web |url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novel-coronavirus-china/questions-answers |title=Q & A on COVID-19 |website=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control |language=en|access-date=23 March 2020}}</ref>

Nananatiling "buhay" ang mga birus sa loob ng maraming oras hanggang araw sa mga ibabaw.<ref name=WHO2020QA/><!--Quote = Current evidence suggests that novel coronavirus may remain viable for hours to days on surfaces made from a variety of materials--><ref name="ECDCQA" /> Para maging tiyak, natuklasan na natutunton ang birus nang hanggang tatlong araw sa plastik at aserong di-kinakalawang, nang isang araw sa karton, at hanggang apat na oras sa tanso.<ref name="StableNIH">{{cite web|url=https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/new-coronavirus-stable-hours-surfaces|title=New coronavirus stable for hours on surfaces|date=17 March 2020|publisher=[[National Institutes of Health]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323032520/https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/new-coronavirus-stable-hours-surfaces|archive-date=23 March 2020|accessdate=23 March 2020}}</ref> Gayunpaman, nagkakaiba-iba ito depende sa kahalumigmigan at temperatura.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Moriyama |first1=M |last2=Hugentobler |first2=WJ |last3=Iwasaki |first3=A |title=Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections. |journal=Annual Review of Virology |date=20 March 2020 |volume=7 |doi=10.1146/annurev-virology-012420-022445 |pmid=32196426}}</ref> Maaaring linisin ang mga ibabaw sa pamamagitan ng mga iilang solusyon (sa loob ng pagkahantad nang isang minuto sa des-impektante para sa ibabaw ng aserong di-kinakalawang). Kabilang dito ang 62–71% [[ethanol]], 50–100% [[isopropanol]], 0.1% [[sodium hypochlorite]], 0.5% [[hydrogen peroxide|agua oksihenada]], at 0.2–7.5% [[povidone-iodine]]. Di-gaanong epetiko ang mga ibang solusyon, tulad ng [[benzalkonium chloride]] at [[chlorhexidine|chrohexidine gluconate]].<ref name="SurfacePersistence">{{cite journal |last1=Kampf |first1=G. |last2=Todt |first2=D. |last3=Pfaender |first3=S. |last4=Steinmann |first4=E. |title=Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents |url=https://www.journalofhospitalinfection.com/article/S0195-6701(20)30046-3/fulltext |journal=The Journal of Hospital Infection |volume=104 |issue=3 |pages=246–251 |date=March 2020 |pmid=32035997 |doi=10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.022}} {{free access}}</ref>

=== Birolohiya ===
{{See|Mga baryante ng SARS-CoV-2}}
[[File:Coronavirus virion structure.svg|thumb|Larawan ng ''SARSr-CoV virion'']]

Ang SARS-CoV-2 ay isang ''[[novel virus|novel]] severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus'', unang ibinukod mula sa tatlong tao na may pulmonya na konektado sa [[Disease cluster|kumpol]] ng kaso ng matalas na sakit sa palahingahan sa Wuhan.<ref name="ECDC risk assessment">{{cite web |url=https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/SARS-CoV-2-risk-assessment-14-feb-2020.pdf |title=Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): increased transmission beyond China—fourth update |publisher=European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control |date=14 February 2020 |access-date=8 March 2020}}</ref> Makikita ang lahat ng mga katangian ng novel SARS-CoV-2 virus sa mga kaugnay na koronabirus sa kalikasan.<ref name="NM-20200317">{{cite journal |vauthors=Andersen KG, Rambaut A, Lipkin WI, Holmes EC, Garry RF |title=The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0820-9 |date=17 March 2020 |journal=[[Nature Medicine]] |pages=1–3 |doi=10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9 |issn=1546-170X |access-date=18 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318001738/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0820-9 |archive-date=18 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sa labas ng katawan ng tao, namamatay ang birus sa pamamagitan ng [[soap|sabon]], na nagpapaputok sa bulang pamprotekta ng birus.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Salehi|first=Sana|last2=Abedi|first2=Aidin|last3=Balakrishnan|first3=Sudheer|last4=Gholamrezanezhad|first4=Ali|date=2020-03-14|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Imaging Findings in 919 Patients|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|language=en|pages=1–7|doi=10.2214/AJR.20.23034|issn=0361-803X|pmid=32174129}}</ref>

Tila may kaugnayan ang SARS-CoV-2 sa orihinal na SARS-CoV.<ref name="Zhu24Jan2020">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R, Niu P, Zhan F, Ma X, Wang D, Xu W, Wu G, Gao GF, Tan W |display-authors=6 |title=A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019 |journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]] |volume=382 |issue=8 |pages=727–733 |date=February 2020 |pmid=31978945 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2001017}}</ref> Ipinapalagay na nanggaling ito sa [[Zoonosis|hayop]]. Isinisiwalat ng pag-aanalisang henetiko na karaniwang nagtitipun-tipon ang koronabirus sa genus ''[[Betacoronavirus]]'', sa subgenus [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus|''Sarbecovirus'']] (angkan B) kasama ng dalawang uri na galing-paniki. 96% magkahawig ito at buong antas ng [[genome]] sa mga ibang sampol ng koronabirus sa paniki (BatCov RaTG13).<ref name="WHOReport24Feb2020" /> Noong Pebrero 2020, natuklasan ng mga Tsinong mananaliksik na isa lamang ang nag-iibang [[asidong amino]] sa mga tiyak na bahagi ng pagkakasunud-sunod ng genome ng mga birus mula sa [[pangolins|pangolin]] at mula sa tao, ngunit natuklasan ng paghahambing ng buong genome sa kasalukuyan na 92% ang pinakamalaking porsyento ng ibinabahaging henetikong materyal sa pagitan ng koronabirus sa pangolin at SARS-CoV-2, na kulang upang patunayan na ang mga pangolin ay [[intermediate host|kalagitnaang biktima]].<ref name="Cyranoski26Feb2020">{{cite journal |title=Mystery deepens over animal source of coronavirus |journal=Nature |volume=579 |pages=18–19 |date=26 February 2020 |doi=10.1038/d41586-020-00548-w |pmid=32127703 |vauthors=Cyranoski D |issue=7797 |bibcode=2020Natur.579...18C}}</ref>

== Patopisyolohiya ==
Pinaapektado ang mga baga sa COVID-19 dahil ang mga pinapasukan ang mga biktimang sihay sa pamamagitan ng ensimang [[Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2|ACE2]], na pinakasana sa mga [[Type II cell|ika-2 uri ng selulang supot-hangin]] ng mga baga. Gumagamit ang birus ng natatanging ''surface glycoprotein'' na tinatawag na ''"spike"'' (''[[peplomer]]'') upang kumonekta sa ACE2 at pumasok sa biktimang sihay.<ref name="Nature Microbiology">{{cite journal|title=Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses|journal=Nature Microbiology|doi=10.1038/s41564-020-0688-y|doi-access=free|pmid=32094589|date=2020|vauthors=Letko M, Marzi A, Munster V|volume=5|issue=4|pages=562–569}}</ref> Nauugnay ang densidad ng ACE2 sa bawat tisyu sa kalubhaan ng sakit sa tisyung iyon at iminungkahi ng ilan na maaaring makaprotekta ang pagbawas sa aktibidad ng ACE2,<ref name="Zhang Penninger Li Zhong p.">{{cite journal|vauthors=Zhang H, Penninger JM, Li Y, Zhong N, Slutsky AS|title=Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target|journal=Intensive Care Medicine|date=March 2020|volume=46|issue=4|pages=586–590|doi=10.1007/s00134-020-05985-9|doi-access=free|pmid=32125455|pmc=7079879}}</ref><ref name="Xu Zhong Deng Peng p.">{{cite journal|vauthors=Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J, Peng J, Dan H, Zeng X, Li T, Chen Q|display-authors=6|title=High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa|journal=International Journal of Oral Science|volume=12|issue=1|page=8|date=February 2020|doi=10.1038/s41368-020-0074-x|doi-access=free|pmid=32094336|pmc=7039956}}</ref> ngunit ang isa pang pananaw ay maaaring makapoprotekta ang pagtaas ng ACE2 gamit ang mga ''[[angiotensin II receptor blocker]] medication'' at kailangang subukin ang mga ganitong palagay .<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gurwitz D|title=Angiotensin receptor blockers as tentative SARS‐CoV‐2 therapeutics|journal=Drug Development Research|doi=10.1002/ddr.21656|doi-access=free|pmid=32129518|date=March 2020}}</ref> Habang kumakalat ang sakit sa supot-hangin, maaaring magkaroon ng paghinto ng palahingahan at sumunod ang kamatayan.<ref name="Xu Zhong Deng Peng p." />

Nakaaapekto rin ang birus sa mga sangkap ng sikmura at bituka dahil saganang ipinapahayag ang ACE2 sa mga [[glandula]]ng selula ng [[Epithelium|epitelyo]] sa [[sikmura]], [[tokong]], [[tumbong]]<ref name=":11">{{Cite journal|last1=Gu|first1=Jinyang|last2=Han|first2=Bing|last3=Wang|first3=Jian|date=27 February 2020|title=COVID-19: Gastrointestinal manifestations and potential fecal-oral transmission|journal=Gastroenterology|volume=|pages=|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.054|pmid=32142785|issn=0016-5085}}</ref> pati na rin sa mga selulang [[Endothelium|endotelyal]] at [[Enterocyte|enterosito]] ng [[maliit na bituka]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hamming|date=2004|pmid=15141377|doi=10.1002/path.1570|pages=631–637|issue=2|volume=203|language=en|journal=The Journal of Pathology|title=Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-pathology_2004-06_203_2/page/631|first6=H. van|first1=I.|last6=Goor|first5=G. J.|last5=Navis|first4=A. T.|last4=Lely|first3=M. L. C.|last3=Bulthuis|first2=W.|last2=Timens|issn=1096-9896}}</ref>

Ang mga lumalkaing bahagi ng mga baga, ang mga [[Pulmonary alveolus|supot-hangin sa palahingahan]], ay naglalaman ng dalawang uri ng kumikilos na sihay. Ang isang sihay, [[Pulmonary alveolus#Type I|uri I]], ay sumisipsip mula sa hangin, yaon ay [[gas exchange|pagpapalit ng hangin]]. Ang isa pa, [[Pulmonary alveolus#Type II|uri II]], ay gumagawa ng mga [[surfactant]] na nagsisilbi upang mapanatiling likido, malinis, malaya sa impeksyon, atbp. ang mga baga. Naghahanap ng paraan ang COVID-19 para pumasok sa uri II sihay na gumagawa ng surfactant, at sinusugpo ito sa pamamagitan ng pagpaparami ng COVID-19 birus sa loob nito. Ang bawat uri II sihay na namamatay dahil sa birus ay nagiging sanhi ng matinding reaksyon sa baga. Umaapaw sa baga ang mga likido, nana, at sangkap ng patay na sihay, na nagiging sanhi ng sakit ng coronavirus sa palahingahan.<ref name="DrVuong">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4J0d59dd-qM |author=Doctor Duc C Vuong, general surgeon in Albuquerque, New Mexico |title=HOW COVID-19 KILLS--I'm a Surgeon--And Why We Can't Save You |publisher=YouTube |date=23 March 2020 |accessdate=5 April 2020 |archiveurl = |archivedate = |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Pagririkonosi ==
[[Talaksan:Infektionsschutzzentrum im Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum, Köln-6313 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Pagtatanghal ng [[pamahid sa nasoparinks]] para sa [[pagsusuri ng COVID-19]]]]
[[Talaksan:CDC_2019-nCoV_Laboratory_Test_Kit.jpg|thumb|CDC [[rRT-PCR]] na kagamitang pansuri para sa COVID-19<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/testing.html|title=CDC Tests for 2019-nCoV|author=CDC|date=5 February 2020|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214023335/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/testing.html|archive-date=14 February 2020|access-date=12 February 2020|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref>]]
Inilathala ng [[World Health Organization|WHO]] ang iilang protokol sa pagsusuri ng sakit.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/publications-detail/laboratory-testing-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-in-suspected-human-cases-20200117|title=Laboratory testing for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in suspected human cases|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317023052/https://www.who.int/publications-detail/laboratory-testing-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-in-suspected-human-cases-20200117|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ang pamantayang pamaraan ng pagsusuri ay ang totoong oras na [[rRT-PCR]].<ref name="20200130cdc">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/summary.html|title=2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Summary|date=30 January 2020|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126210549/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/summary.html|archive-date=26 January 2020|access-date=30 January 2020|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> Karaniwang sinusuri ang mga sampol mula sa palahingahan na nakuha ng [[Nasopharyngeal swab|pamahid sa nasoparinks]], ngunit maaaring gamitin ang pamahid sa ilong o sampol ng [[Sputum|uhog]].<ref name="CDC2020Testing" /><ref name="20200129cdc">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/rt-pcr-detection-instructions.html|title=Real-Time RT-PCR Panel for Detection 2019-nCoV|date=29 January 2020|website=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|access-date=1 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130202031/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/rt-pcr-detection-instructions.html|archive-date=30 January 2020|url-status=live|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> Makukuha dapat ang mga resulta sa loob ng iilang oras hanggang dalawang araw.<ref name="globenewswire1977226">{{cite web|url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/01/30/1977226/0/en/Curetis-Group-Company-Ares-Genetics-and-BGI-Group-Collaborate-to-Offer-Next-Generation-Sequencing-and-PCR-based-Coronavirus-2019-nCoV-Testing-in-Europe.html|title=Curetis Group Company Ares Genetics and BGI Group Collaborate to Offer Next-Generation Sequencing and PCR-based Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Testing in Europe|date=30 January 2020|website=GlobeNewswire News Room|access-date=1 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131201626/https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/01/30/1977226/0/en/Curetis-Group-Company-Ares-Genetics-and-BGI-Group-Collaborate-to-Offer-Next-Generation-Sequencing-and-PCR-based-Coronavirus-2019-nCoV-Testing-in-Europe.html|archive-date=31 January 2020|url-status=live|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref><ref name="20200130businessinsider">{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-know-if-you-have-the-coronavirus-pcr-test-2020-1|title=There's only one way to know if you have the coronavirus, and it involves machines full of spit and mucus|last=Brueck|first=Hilary|name-list-format=vanc|date=30 January 2020|website=Business Insider|access-date=1 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201034232/https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-know-if-you-have-the-coronavirus-pcr-test-2020-1|archive-date=1 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Maaaring suriin ang dugo, ngunit kailangan ng dalawang sampol ng dugo na kukunin sa pagitan ng dalawang linggo at halos walang agarang silbi ang mga resulta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/publications-detail/laboratory-testing-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-in-suspected-human-cases-20200117|title=Laboratory testing for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in suspected human cases|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221192745/https://www.who.int/publications-detail/laboratory-testing-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-in-suspected-human-cases-20200117|archive-date=21 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Nakabukod ang mga Tsinong dalub-agham ng isang uri ng koronabirus at nakalathala ng [[Nucleic acid sequence|henetikong pagkakasunud-sunod]] para makabuo nang nakapag-iisa ang mga laboratoryo sa buong mundo ng mga pagsusuring [[Polymerase chain reaction|patanikalang tambisa ng polymerase]] ''(PCR)'' upang matunton ang impeksyon ng birus.<ref name="Hui14Jan2020" /><ref name="Cohen17Jan20202">{{cite journal|vauthors=Cohen J, Normile D|title=New SARS-like virus in China triggers alarm|journal=Science|volume=367|issue=6475|pages=234–35|date=January 2020|pmid=31949058|doi=10.1126/science.367.6475.234|bibcode=2020Sci...367..234C|url=https://mcb.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2341/2020/01/WuhanScience24Jan2020.pdf|access-date=11 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211230310/https://mcb.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2341/2020/01/WuhanScience24Jan2020.pdf|archive-date=11 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="ncbiWuhanGenomes">{{cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/virus/vssi/#/virus?SeqType_s=Nucleotide&VirusLineage_ss=Wuhan%20seafood%20market%20pneumonia%20virus,%20taxid:2697049|title=Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 data hub|website=NCBI|url-status=live|access-date=4 March 2020|name-list-format=vanc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321235550/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/virus/vssi/#/virus?SeqType_s=Nucleotide&VirusLineage_ss=Wuhan%20seafood%20market%20pneumonia%20virus,%20taxid:2697049|archive-date=21 March 2020}}</ref> Noong pagsapit ng 19 Marso 2020,<ref name="Vogel2020">{{cite journal|title=New blood tests for antibodies could show true scale of coronavirus pandemic|last=Vogel|first=Gretchen|journal=Science|date=2020|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.abb8028}}</ref> wala pang pagsusuri ng mga antibody ngunit sinisikap na makabuo ng mga ganito sa ngayon.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Pang J, Wang MX, Ang IY, Tan SH, Lewis RF, Chen JI, Gutierrez RA, Gwee SX, Chua PE, Yang Q, Ng XY, Yap RK, Tan HY, Teo YY, Tan CC, Cook AR, Yap JC, Hsu LY|display-authors=6|title=Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review|journal=Journal of Clinical Medicine|volume=9|issue=3|page=623|date=February 2020|pmid=32110875|doi=10.3390/jcm9030623}}</ref> Inapbrubahan ng FDA ang unang [[Point-of-care testing|pagsusuring punto ng pag-aalaga]] noong 21 Marso 2020 para gamitin sa katapusan ng buwang iyon.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Issues first Emergency Use Authorization for Point of Care Diagnostic|date=21 March 2020|publisher=FDA|url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-issues-first-emergency-use-authorization-point-care-diagnostic|access-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321224700/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-issues-first-emergency-use-authorization-point-care-diagnostic|archive-date=21 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

Iminungkahi ng mga panuntunang pangririkonosi na inilabas ng Ospital ng Zhongnan ng [[Unibersidad ng Wuhan]] ang mga paraan para matunton ang mga impeksyon batay sa mga katangiang klinikal at epidemiyolohikong panganib. Kabilang dito ang pagkilala sa mga taong may hindi bababa sa dalawa ng sumusunod na sintomas bukod sa kasaysayan ng pagbibiyahe papunta sa [[Wuhan]] o pakikipag-ugnayan sa mga ibang nahawang tao: lagnat, katangian ng pulmonya sa larawan, karaniwan o bumabang bilang ng puting sihay-dugo, o bumabang bilang ng [[Lymphocyte|limposayt]].<ref name=":32">{{cite journal|vauthors=Jin YH, Cai L, Cheng ZS, Cheng H, Deng T, Fan YP, Fang C, Huang D, Huang LQ, Huang Q, Han Y, Hu B, Hu F, Li BH, Li YR, Liang K, Lin LK, Luo LS, Ma J, Ma LL, Peng ZY, Pan YB, Pan ZY, Ren XQ, Sun HM, Wang Y, Wang YY, Weng H, Wei CJ, Wu DF, Xia J, Xiong Y, Xu HB, Yao XM, Yuan YF, Ye TS, Zhang XC, Zhang YW, Zhang YG, Zhang HM, Zhao Y, Zhao MJ, Zi H, Zeng XT, Wang YY, Wang XH|display-authors=6|title=A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)|journal=Military Medical Research|date=February 2020|volume=7|issue=1|page=4|doi=10.1186/s40779-020-0233-6|doi-access=free|pmid=32029004|pmc=7003341}}</ref>

Naghinuha ang isang rebyu noong Marso 2020 na maliit lang ang silbi ng mga [[Chest radiograph|rayos-ekis sa dibdib]] sa mga unang yugto, habang may silbi ang mga iskanang CT ng dibdib bago pa man ang paglitaw ng mga sintomas.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|last=Salehi|first=Sana|last2=Abedi|first2=Aidin|last3=Balakrishnan|first3=Sudheer|last4=Gholamrezanezhad|first4=Ali|date=2020-03-14|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Imaging Findings in 919 Patients|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|language=en|pages=1–7|doi=10.2214/AJR.20.23034|issn=0361-803X|pmid=32174129}}</ref> Kabilang sa mga karaniwang katangian sa CT ang mga ''bilateral multilobar [[Ground glass opacity|ground-glass opacificity]]'' na may ''peripheral, asymmetric and posterior distribution''.<ref name=":02" /> Nagkakaroon ng [[Pleural cavity|''subpleural dominance'']], ''[[crazy paving]]''{{clarify|date=March 2020}} at [[Pulmonary consolidation|''consolidation'']] habang kumakalat ang sakit.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lee|volume=0|archive-date=8 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308143943/https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30134-1/fulltext|accessdate=13 March 2020|pmid=32105641|issn=1473-3099|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30134-1|pages=384–385|issue=4|language=English|first1=Elaine Y. P.|journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30134-1/fulltext|title=COVID-19 pneumonia: what has CT taught us?|date=24 February 2020|first3=Pek-Lan|last3=Khong|first2=Ming-Yen|last2=Ng|url-status=live}}</ref> Noong pagsapit ng Marso 2020, inirerekumenda ng [[American College of Radiology|Amerikanong Kolehiyo ng Paladiglapan]] na "hindi dapat gamitin ang CT upang magpasuri o bilang unang pagsusuri upang irikonosi ang COVID-19".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.acr.org/Advocacy-and-Economics/ACR-Position-Statements/Recommendations-for-Chest-Radiography-and-CT-for-Suspected-COVID19-Infection|title=ACR Recommendations for the use of Chest Radiography and Computed Tomography (CT) for Suspected COVID-19 Infection|last=|first=|date=2020-03-22|website=American College of Radiology|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328055813/https://www.acr.org/Advocacy-and-Economics/ACR-Position-Statements/Recommendations-for-Chest-Radiography-and-CT-for-Suspected-COVID19-Infection|archive-date=28 March 2020|access-date=}}</ref><gallery mode="packed" heights="100">
Talaksan:COVID19CT2.webp|Karaniwang pasya ng paglalarawan ng CT
Talaksan:COVID19CT1.webp|Paglalarawan ng CT ng mabilisang baytang-baytang na yugto
</gallery>

=== Palasakitan ===
Kaunti lamang ang mayroong datos tungkol sa mikroskopyong sugat at patopisyolohiya ng COVID-19.<ref>[https://jcp.bmj.com/content/early/2020/03/20/jclinpath-2020-206522 Autopsy in suspected COVID-19 cases] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328202232/https://jcp.bmj.com/content/early/2020/03/20/jclinpath-2020-206522|date=28 March 2020}}, Hanley B et al, J Clin Pathol, {{PMID|32198191}}</ref><ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32172546 A pathological report of three COVID-19 cases by minimally invasive autopsies], Yao XH et al., {{PMID|32172546}}</ref> Ang pangunahing palasakitang pasya sa awtopsiya ay:

* [[Macroscopic scale|Makroskopiya]]: pamamaga ng [[Pleurisy|pliyura]] at/o [[Pericarditis|perikardyo]], [[Lung consolidation|pagsiksik ng baga]] at [[Pulmonary oedema|pamamanas sa baga]]
* Maoobserbahan ang apat na antas ng kalubhaan ng [[Viral pneumonia|pulmonyang biral]]:
** munting [[pulmonya]]: munting malasuwerong [[Exudate|katas]], munting katas ng [[fibrin]]
** mahinahong pulmonya: [[Pulmonary oedema|pamamanas sa baga]], ''[[pneumocyte]] [[hyperplasia]]'', malaking di-tipikong [[pneumocyte]], [[Inflammation|pamamagang]] interstisyal na may [[Infiltration (medical)|pagtatagos ng]] [[Lymphocytic|lymphocyte]] and pagbubuo ng [[Giant cell|multinukleong dambuhalang sihay]]
** matinding pulmonya: [[Diffuse alveolar damage|nakakalat na pagkasira sa supot-hangin]] (DAD) na may nakakalat na [[Exudates|katas]] ng [[Pulmonary alveolus|supot-hangin]]. Responsable ang nakakalat na DAD sa naoobserbang [[Acute respiratory distress syndrome|sindrom ng matalas na sakit sa palahingahan]] (ARDS) at matinding [[hypoxemia]] sa ganitong sakit.
** gumagaling na pulmonya: [[Healing|organisasyon]] ng mga [[Exudate|katas]] sa [[Pulmonary alveolus|butas ng supot-hangin]], at [[Pulmonary fibrosis|interstisyal na fibrosis sa baga]]
** [[Plasma cell|plasmocytosis]] sa [[Bronchoalveolar lavage|BAL]]<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Exuberant plasmocytosis in bronchoalveolar lavage of the first patient requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for SARS-CoV-2 in Europe|first1=Marco|last1=Giani|first2=Davide|last2=Seminati|first3=Alberto|last3=Lucchini|first4=Giuseppe|last4=Foti|first5=Fabio|last5=Pagni|date=16 March 2020|journal=Journal of Thoracic Oncology: Official Publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer|doi=10.1016/j.jtho.2020.03.008|pmid=32194247}}</ref>
* [[Dugo]]: [[Disseminated intravascular coagulation|pamumuo ng dugo sa ugat sa buong katawan]] (DIC) <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32212240|title=Disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia|first=David|last=Lillicrap|date=1 April 2020|journal=Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis: JTH|volume=18|issue=4|pages=786–787|via=PubMed|doi=10.1111/jth.14781|pmid=32212240}}</ref>; ''leukoerythroblastic reaction''<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32212392|last5=Cohen|doi=10.1002/ajh.25793|via=PubMed|journal=American Journal of Hematology|date=25 March 2020|last7=Graff|first7=John P.|last6=Ku|first6=Nam|first5=Stuart H.|title=Leukoerythroblastic reaction in a patient with COVID-19 infection|last4=Thompson|first4=George R.|last3=Schivo|first3=Michael|last2=Dwyre|first2=Denis M.|last1=Mitra|first1=Anupam|pmid=32212392}}</ref>
* [[Atay]]: ''microvesicular [[steatosis]]''

== Pagpipigil ==
[[Talaksan:20200403 Flatten the curve animated GIF.gif|thumb|upright=1.5|Ang pagpipigil sa mga bagong impeksyon upang mabawasan ang bilang ng mga kaso sa anumang oras—kilala bilang ''"[[Panlipunang pagdidistansya|flattening the curve]]"'' ("pagpapapatag ng kurba")—ay nagpapahintulot sa mga serbisyong pangkalusugan na pangasiwaan nang mas mainam ang parehong dami ng mga pasyente.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wiles |first=Siouxsie |author-link=Siouxsie Wiles |title=The three phases of Covid-19—and how we can make it manageable |url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/09-03-2020/the-three-phases-of-covid-19-and-how-we-can-make-it-manageable/ |website=The Spinoff |access-date=9 March 2020 |date=9 March 2020 |name-list-format=vanc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327120015/https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/09-03-2020/the-three-phases-of-covid-19-and-how-we-can-make-it-manageable/ |archive-date=27 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Lancet2020Flatten">{{cite journal | vauthors = Anderson RM, Heesterbeek H, Klinkenberg D, Hollingsworth TD | title = How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? | journal = Lancet | date = March 2020 | volume = 395 | issue = 10228 | pages = 931–934 | pmid = 32164834 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30567-5 | quote = A key issue for epidemiologists is helping policy makers decide the main objectives of mitigation—e.g. minimising morbidity and associated mortality, avoiding an epidemic peak that overwhelms health-care services, keeping the effects on the economy within manageable levels, and flattening the epidemic curve to wait for vaccine development and manufacture on scale and antiviral drug therapies. | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2020/3/10/21171481/coronavirus-us-cases-quarantine-cancellation|title=How canceled events and self-quarantines save lives, in one chart|first=Eliza|last=Barclay|date=10 March 2020|website=Vox|name-list-format=vanc|access-date=12 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312161852/https://www.vox.com/2020/3/10/21171481/coronavirus-us-cases-quarantine-cancellation|archive-date=12 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[Talaksan:Covid-19-curves-graphic2-stopthespread-v3.gif|thumb|Mga alternatibo sa pagpapatag ng kurba<ref>{{cite web|last=Wiles|first=Siouxsie|title=After 'Flatten the Curve', we must now 'Stop the Spread'. Here's what that means|url=https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/14-03-2020/after-flatten-the-curve-we-must-now-stop-the-spread-heres-what-that-means/|website=The Spinoff|access-date=13 March 2020|date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326232315/https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/14-03-2020/after-flatten-the-curve-we-must-now-stop-the-spread-heres-what-that-means/|archive-date=26 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Anderson RM, Heesterbeek H, Klinkenberg D, Hollingsworth TD|title=How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?|journal=Lancet|date=March 2020|volume=395|issue=10228|pages=931–934|pmid=32164834|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30567-5}}</ref>]]
Kabilang sa mga hakbang upang maiwasan ang tsansa ng pagkahawa ang pagpapanatili sa bahay, pag-iiwas sa mga mataong lugar, paghuhugas ng kamay gamit ang tubig at sabon nang hindi bababa sa 20 segundo, pagpapraktis ng mabuting [[palalusugan]], at pag-iiwas sa paghawak ng mata, ilong, o bibig ng kamay na hindi pa nahugas.<ref name="CDC-Prevention & Treatment">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/about/prevention.html|author=Centers for Disease Control|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Prevention & Treatment|date=3 February 2020|language=en-us|access-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215193934/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/about/prevention.html|archive-date=15 December 2019|url-status=live|author-link=Centers for Disease Control}}</ref><ref name="WHO Advice for Public">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public|title=Advice for Public|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|access-date=10 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126025750/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public|archive-date=26 January 2020|url-status=live|author-link=World Health Organization|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/17/814221111/my-hand-washing-song-readers-offer-lyrics-for-a-20-second-scrub|title=My Hand-Washing Song: Readers Offer Lyrics For A 20-Second Scrub|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320145553/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/17/814221111/my-hand-washing-song-readers-offer-lyrics-for-a-20-second-scrub|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Inirerekumenda ng [[CDC]] ang pagtakip sa bibig at ilong ng tisyu habang umuubo at bumabahing at inirerekumenda ang paggamit ng loob ng siko kung walang tisyu.<ref name="CDC-Prevention & Treatment" /> Inirerekumenda rin nila ang tamang palalusugan sa kamay pagkatapos ng anumang ubo o bahing.<ref name="CDC-Prevention & Treatment" /> Nilalayon ng mga estratehiya ukol sa [[panlipunang pagdidistansya]] ang pagbawas ng kontak ng nahawang tao sa mga malalaking grupo sa pamamagitan ng pagsasara ng mga paaralan at opisina, paghihigpit sa pagbibiyahe, at pagkakansela ng mga pampublikong pagtitipon.<ref name="JHUSocialDistancing">{{cite web|first=Lisa Lockerd|last=Maragakis|name-list-format=vanc|title=Coronavirus, Social Distancing and Self Quarantine|url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/coronavirus-social-distancing-and-self-quarantine|website=www.hopkinsmedicine.org|publisher=Johns Hopkins University|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318012357/https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/coronavirus-social-distancing-and-self-quarantine|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kasali rin sa panlipunang pagdidistansya ang pangangailan na anim na talampakan ang distansya sa pagitan ng mga tao (halos 1.80 metro).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Parker-Pope|first=Tara|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/19/well/live/coronavirus-quarantine-social-distancing.html|title=Deciding How Much Distance You Should Keep|date=19 March 2020|work=The New York Times|access-date=20 March 2020|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320003705/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/19/well/live/coronavirus-quarantine-social-distancing.html|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> 

Dahil hindi inaasahan ang pagkakaroon ng [[Talaan ng mga bakuna ng COVID-19|bakuna laban sa SARS-CoV-2]] bago ang 2021 (bilang pinakamaagang tantya),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencealert.com/who-says-a-coronavirus-vaccine-is-18-months-away|title=Here's Why It's Taking So Long to Develop a Vaccine for the New Coronavirus|website=Science Alert|first1=Rob|last1=Grenfell|first2=Trevor|last2=Drew|name-list-format=vanc|date=17 February 2020|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228010631/https://www.sciencealert.com/who-says-a-coronavirus-vaccine-is-18-months-away|archive-date=28 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ang isang mahalagang bahagi ng pagkontrol ng pandemya ng COVID-19 ay ang pagbabawas sa rurok ng epidemya, kilala bilang "''flattening the curve''" ("pagpapatag ng [[Epidemic curve|kurba]]"), sa pamamagitan ng iba't ibang hakbang na naghahangad na bagalan ang bilis ng mga bagong impeksyon.<ref name="Lancet2020Flatten" /> Nakatutulong ang pagpapabagal sa bilis ng pagkahawa sa pagbawas ng panganib na matabunan ang mga serbisyong pangkalusugan, na nagpapahintulot ng mas mainam na paggamot ng mga kasalukuyang kaso, at nagpapaantala sa bagong kaso hanggang magkaroon ng [[Therapy|terapeutika]] o bakuna.<ref name="Lancet2020Flatten" /> 

Ayon sa WHO, inirerekumenda lang ang paggamit ng mask kung umuubo o bumabahing ang tao o kung nag-aalaga siya ng taong sinususpetsang may impeksyon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/when-and-how-to-use-masks|title=When and how to use masks|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|access-date=8 March 2020|name-list-format=vanc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307013848/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/when-and-how-to-use-masks|archive-date=7 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Inirerekumenda naman ng iilang bansa na magsuot din ang mga malulusog na indibidwal ng mask. Kabilang dito ang Tsina,<ref name="nhc_masks">{{cite web|url=http://en.nhc.gov.cn/2020-02/07/c_76337.htm|title=For different groups of people: how to choose masks|work=NHC.gov.cn|publisher=National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China|date=7 February 2020|access-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405123936/http://en.nhc.gov.cn/att/20200207/1581067840474054531.jpg|archive-date=5 Abril 2020|quote="Disposable medical masks: Recommended for: · People in crowded places · Indoor working environment with a relatively dense population · People going to medical institutions · Children in kindergarten and students at school gathering to study and do other activities"|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Hong Kong]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/prevention_of_covid_19_en.pdf|title=Prevention of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)|website=[[Centre for Health Protection]]|access-date=22 March 2020|quote="Wear a surgical mask when taking public transport or staying in crowded places."|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321175110/https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/prevention_of_covid_19_en.pdf|archive-date=21 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Thailand|Taylandia]],<ref>{{cite news|title='Better than nothing': Thailand encourages cloth masks amid surgical mask shortage|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-thailand-masks/better-than-nothing-thailand-encourages-cloth-masks-amid-surgical-mask-shortage-idUSKBN20Z0UT|first=Jiraporn|last=Kuhakan|work=Reuters|date=12 March 2020|quote="Thailand's health authorities are encouraging people to make cloth face masks at home to guard against the spread of the coronavirus amid a shortage of surgical masks.{{nbsp}}... The droplet from coughing and sneezing is around five microns and we have tested already that cloth masks can protect against droplets bigger than one micron."|access-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321192522/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-thailand-masks/better-than-nothing-thailand-encourages-cloth-masks-amid-surgical-mask-shortage-idUSKBN20Z0UT|archive-date=21 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Tsekia,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/03/24/coronavirus-czechs-facing-up-to-covid-19-crisis-by-making-masks-mandatory|title=Coronavirus: Czechs facing up to COVID-19 crisis by making masks mandatory|last=|first=|date=2020|website=euronews|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330233916/https://www.euronews.com/2020/03/24/coronavirus-czechs-facing-up-to-covid-19-crisis-by-making-masks-mandatory|archive-date=30 March 2020|access-date=}}</ref> at Austria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/austria-supermarket-face-mask/|title=Austria is making everyone who goes inside a supermarket wear a face mask|website=www.cbsnews.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331192209/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/austria-supermarket-face-mask/|archive-date=31 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Upang matugunan ang pangangailangan sa mga mask, tinatantya ng WHO na kakailanganing tumaas nang 40% ang pandaigdigang paggawa. Pinalala ng pag-iimbak at haka-haka ang problema. Dahil sa mga ito, tumaas nang anim ang presyo ng mga mask, natriple ang sa mga [[N95 masks|N95 respirator]], at moble ang sa gown.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Shortage of personal protective equipment endangering health workers worldwide|date=3 March 2020|publisher=WHO|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/03-03-2020-shortage-of-personal-protective-equipment-endangering-health-workers-worldwide|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305052623/https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/03-03-2020-shortage-of-personal-protective-equipment-endangering-health-workers-worldwide|archive-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Itinuturing ng iilang eksperto sa kalusugan ang pagsuot ng mga ''non-medical grade mask'' at iba pang pantakip sa mukha tulad ng mga bupanda at bandana bilang mabuting paraan upang maiwasan ng mga tao ang paghahawak sa kanilang bibig at ilong, kahit hindi sila pinoprotektahan ng mga di-medikal na pananakip mula sa direktang bahing o ubo mula sa nahawang tao.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/03/19/opinion/guidance-against-wearing-masks-coronavirus-is-wrong-you-should-cover-your-face/|title=Guidance against wearing masks for the coronavirus is wrong—you should cover your face—The Boston Globe|website=BostonGlobe.com|access-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322181032/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/03/19/opinion/guidance-against-wearing-masks-coronavirus-is-wrong-you-should-cover-your-face/|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

Pinapayuhan ng CDC ang mga narekunusi ng COVID-19 o mga naniniwala na maaaring nahawa sila na manatili sa bahay maliban sa magpapagamot, tumawag muna bago bumisita sa tagapangalaga ng kalusugan, magsuot ng peysmask bago pumasok sa opisina ng tagapangalaga ng kalusugan at kung nasa anumang silid o sasakyan kasama ng ibang tao, magtakip ng mga ubo at bahing gamit ang tisyu, maghugas ng mga kamay palagi gamit ang sabon at tubig, at mag-iwas sa pakikibahagi ng mga personal na kagamitan sa bahay.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention.html|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—Prevention & Treatment|date=10 March 2020|work=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|publisher=U.S. Department of Health & Human Services|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311163637/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention.html|archive-date=11 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/steps-when-sick.html|title=What to do if you are sick with 2019&nbsp;Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|author=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|date=11 February 2020|language=en-us|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214153016/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/steps-when-sick.html|archive-date=14 February 2020|access-date=13 February 2020|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> Pinapayuhan din ng CDC ang mga indibidwal na maghugas ng kamay palagi gamit ang sabon at tubig nang hindi bababa sa 20 segundo, lalo na pagkatapos pumunta sa banyo o kapag halatang marumi ang kamay, bago kumain at pagkatapos suminga, umubo, o bumahing. Iminumungkahi pa nito ang paggamit ng ''alcohol-based [[Hand sanitiser|hand sanitizer]]'' na may 60% alkohol o higit pa, ngunit kapag walang sabon at tubig lamang.<ref name="CDC-Prevention & Treatment" />

Para sa mga lugar na hindi madaling makuha ang mga komersyal ng ''hand sanitizer'', nagbibigay ang [[Pandaigdigang Organisasyon sa Kalusugan|WHO]] ng dalawang pormulasyon para sa lokal na paggawa. Sa mga pormulasyong ito, nanggagaling ang aktibidad laban sa mikrobyo mula sa [[ethanol]] or [[isopropanol]]. Ginagamit ang [[Hydrogen peroxide|agua oksihenada]] upang alisin ang mga espora ng bakterya sa alkohol; "hindi siya aktibong sangkap para sa [[antisepsis|antiseptiko]] ng kamay". Idinaragdag ang [[glycerol]] bilang [[humectant]].<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK144054/|chapter=WHO-recommended handrub formulations|title=WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care Is Safer Care.|date=19 March 2009|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 March 2020}}</ref><gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
Talaksan:Covid-19-Transmission-graphic-01.gif|Dumarami ang mga tangka sa pag-iiwas, na may mga epekto na umaabot nang napakalayo mula sa isang paglipat. Ang bawat kasong naiwasan ay humahantong sa mga mas maraming naiwasang kaso pagkatapos nito, na sa huli ay makapipigil sa pagsiklab nang lubus-lubusan. 
Talaksan:Paghuhugas ng kamay.jpg|Panuto sa paghuhugas ng kamay
</gallery>

==Pangangasiwa==

[[File:DonningCDC2020.jpg|thumb|Apat na hakbang sa pagsusuot ng pansariling kagamitang pamprotekta<ref>{{cite web |title=Sequence for Putting On Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) |url=https://www.cdc.gov/hai/pdfs/ppe/PPE-Sequence.pdf |website=CDC |access-date=8 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305173617/https://www.cdc.gov/hai/pdfs/ppe/ppe-sequence.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]

Inaasikaso ang mga tao sa pamamagitan ng [[supportive care|alagang pag-aalalay]], na kinabibilangan ng likido, [[oxygen support|suporta sa oksiheno]], at pagsusuporta sa ibang apektadong mahalagang sangkap.<ref name="NatureDale Fisher & David Heymann">{{cite journal | vauthors=Fisher D, Heymann D |title = Q&A: The novel coronavirus outbreak causing COVID-19 |journal=BMC Medicine |volume=18 |issue=1 |page=57 |doi=10.1186/s12916-020-01533-w |doi-access=free |pmid=32106852 |pmc=7047369 | date=February 2020 }}</ref><ref name="KuiFang2020">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kui L, Fang YY, Deng Y, Liu W, Wang MF, Ma JP, Xiao W, Wang YN, Zhong MH, Li CH, Li GC, Liu HG | display-authors = 6 | title = Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province | journal = Chinese Medical Journal | page = 1 | date = February 2020 | pmid = 32044814 |doi=10.1097/CM9.0000000000000744 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Wang Du Zhu Cao 2020 p.">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang T, Du Z, Zhu F, Cao Z, An Y, Gao Y, Jiang B | title = Comorbidities and multi-organ injuries in the treatment of COVID-19 | journal = Lancet | date = March 2020 | volume = 395 | issue = 10228 | pages = e52 | pmid = 32171074 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30558-4 | publisher = Elsevier BV }}</ref> Inirerekumenda ng CDC na magsuot ng peysmask ang mga nagsususpetsang nahawa ng birus.<ref name=CDC2020IfSick/> Nagamit na ang [[Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation|pag-ooksiheno ng lamad sa labas ng katawan]] (ECMO) upang matagunan ang isyu ng paghinto ng palahingahan, ngunit tinatalakay pa rin ang kanyang benepisyo.<ref name="Guan Ni Hu Liang p."/>

Inilathala ng WHO at [[National Health Commission|Tsinong Pambansang Komisyon sa Kalusugan]] ang mga rekomendasyon sa pang-aalaga ng mga taong napaospital dahil sa COVID-19.<ref name="Cheng2020">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cheng ZJ, Shan J | title = 2019 Novel coronavirus: where we are and what we know | journal = Infection | date = February 2020 | volume = 48 | issue = 2 | pages = 155–163 | pmid = 32072569 |doi=10.1007/s15010-020-01401-y |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected|title=Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|access-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131032122/https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected|archive-date=31 January 2020|url-status=live }}</ref> Tinipon ng mga [[Critical care medicine|intensibista]] at [[Pulmonology|palabaga]] sa Amerika ang mga rekomendasyon sa paggamot mula sa iba't ibang ahensya sa isang libreng mapagkukunan, ang [[EMCrit|IBCC]].<ref name="IBCC">{{cite book |last=Farkas |first=Josh | name-list-format = vanc |date=March 2020 |title=COVID-19—The Internet Book of Critical Care |url=https://emcrit.org/ibcc/covid19/ |url-status=live |format=digital |type=Reference manual |language=English |location=USA |publisher=EMCrit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311195758/https://emcrit.org/ibcc/covid19/ |archive-date=11 March 2020 |access-date=13 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="UPenn-IBCC">{{cite web |url=https://guides.library.upenn.edu/covid-19 |title=COVID19—Resources for Health Care Professionals |publisher=[[Penn Libraries]] |date=11 March 2020 |access-date=13 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314035631/https://guides.library.upenn.edu/covid-19 |archive-date=14 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Paggamot===
{{See also|Pagbabakuna kontra COVID-19 sa Pilipinas}}
Inirerekumenda ng iilang propesyonal sa medisina ang [[paracetamol]] (acetaminophen) sa halip ng [[ibuprofen]] bilang unang paggamot.<ref name="Day 2020 p.">{{cite journal | title = Covid-19: ibuprofen should not be used for managing symptoms, say doctors and scientists | journal = BMJ | volume = 368 | date = 17 March 2020 | pmid = 32184201 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.m1086 | url = https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1086 | access-date = 18 March 2020 | last = Day | first = Michael | pages = m1086 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200319181945/https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1086 | archive-date = 19 March 2020 | url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/self-isolation-advice/|title=Self-isolation advice—Coronavirus (COVID-19)|date=2020-02-28|website=National Health Service (United Kingdom)|language=en|access-date=2020-03-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328000128/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/self-isolation-advice/|archive-date=28 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Day|first=Michael|date=17 March 2020|title=Covid-19: ibuprofen should not be used for managing symptoms, say doctors and scientists|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1086|journal=BMJ|language=en|volume=368|pages=m1086|doi=10.1136/bmj.m1086|issn=1756-1833|pmid=32184201|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319181945/https://www.bmj.com/content/368/bmj.m1086|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Hindi salungat ang WHO sa paggamit ng [[non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs|di-steroid na drogang laban sa pamamaga]] (NSAID) tulad ng [[ibuprofen]] para sa sintomas,<ref name="AFP 2020b">{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencealert.com/who-recommends-to-avoid-taking-ibuprofen-for-covid-19-symptoms|title=Updated: WHO Now Doesn't Recommend Avoiding Ibuprofen For COVID-19 Symptoms|author=AFP|date=19 March 2020|website=ScienceAlert|access-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318222020/https://www.sciencealert.com/who-recommends-to-avoid-taking-ibuprofen-for-covid-19-symptoms|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> at sinasabi ng [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] na walang ebidensya sa kasalukuyan na pinapalala ng mga NSAID ang mga sintomas ng COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Research|first=Center for Drug Evaluation and|date=2020-03-19|title=FDA advises patients on use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for COVID-19|url=http://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-advises-patients-use-non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs-nsaids-covid-19|journal=Drug Safety and Availability|language=en|access-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327194633/https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-advises-patients-use-non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs-nsaids-covid-19|archive-date=27 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

Habang itinaas ang mga teoretikal na ikinababahala tungkol sa mga [[ACE inhibitors|panghadlang ng ACE]] at [[angiotensin receptor blocker|pangharang ng tagatanggap ng angiotensin]], at noong pagsapit ng 19 Marso 2020, hindi pa ito sapat upang pangatwiranan ang paghinto ng mga ganitong gamot.<ref>{{cite web |title=Patients taking ACE-i and ARBs who contract COVID-19 should continue treatment, unless otherwise advised by their physician |url=https://www.hfsa.org/patients-taking-ace-i-and-arbs-who-contract-covid-19-should-continue-treatment-unless-otherwise-advised-by-their-physician/ |access-date=21 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321172112/https://www.hfsa.org/patients-taking-ace-i-and-arbs-who-contract-covid-19-should-continue-treatment-unless-otherwise-advised-by-their-physician/ |archive-date=21 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release | title=Patients taking ACE-i and ARBs who contract COVID-19 should continue treatment, unless otherwise advised by their physician | website=American Heart Association | date=17 March 2020 | url=https://newsroom.heart.org/news/patients-taking-ace-i-and-arbs-who-contract-covid-19-should-continue-treatment-unless-otherwise-advised-by-their-physician | access-date=25 March 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324050912/https://newsroom.heart.org/news/patients-taking-ace-i-and-arbs-who-contract-covid-19-should-continue-treatment-unless-otherwise-advised-by-their-physician | archive-date=24 March 2020 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ESCPositionStatement">{{cite web |last=de Simone |first=Giovanni |title=Position Statement of the ESC Council on Hypertension on ACE-Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers |url=https://www.escardio.org/Councils/Council-on-Hypertension-(CHT)/News/position-statement-of-the-esc-council-on-hypertension-on-ace-inhibitors-and-ang |website=Council on Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology |access-date=24 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324073257/https://www.escardio.org/Councils/Council-on-Hypertension-(CHT)/News/position-statement-of-the-esc-council-on-hypertension-on-ace-inhibitors-and-ang |archive-date=24 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hindi inirerekumenda ang mga [[Steroids|steroid]] tulad ng [[methylprednisolone]] maliban kung pinalubha pa ito ng [[acute respiratory distress syndrome|sindrom ng matalas na sakit sa palahingahan]].<ref name="Vetter Eckerle Kaiser 2020 p.">{{cite journal | vauthors=Vetter P, Eckerle I, Kaiser L | title=Covid-19: a puzzle with many missing pieces | journal=BMJ | volume=368 | pages=m627 | date=February 2020 | pmid=32075791 | doi=10.1136/bmj.m627 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Novel Coronavirus—COVID-19: What Emergency Clinicians Need to Know |url=https://www.ebmedicine.net/topics/infectious-disease/COVID-19 |website=www.ebmedicine.net |access-date=9 March 2020 |name-list-format=vanc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314163512/https://www.ebmedicine.net/topics/infectious-disease/COVID-19 |archive-date=14 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Pansariling kagamitang pamprotekta===

Dapat mag-ingat upang mabawasan ang panganib ng pagkalat ng birus, lalo na sa mga pagamutan habang nasasagawa ng mga hakbang na makalikha ng mga [[aerosol|erosol]], tulad ng [[intubation|intubasyon]] o [[Bag valve mask|bentilasyon ng kamay]].<ref name="Cheung Ho Cheng Cham 2020 p.">{{cite journal | vauthors=Cheung JC, Ho LT, Cheng JV, Cham EY, Lam KN | title=Staff safety during emergency airway management for COVID-19 in Hong Kong | journal=Lancet Respiratory Medicine | date=February 2020 | doi=10.1016/s2213-2600(20)30084-9 | doi-access=free | pmid=32105633 }}</ref> Para sa mga propesyonal ng medisina na nag-aalaga ng mga taong may COVID-19, inirerekumenda ng [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]] ang paglagay ng tao sa Silid-bukuran ng Dalang-hanging Impeksyon (AIIR) bukod sa pagsasagawa ng pamantayang pag-iingat, pag-iingat sa pakikipag-ugnayan, at pag-iingat sa dalang-hangin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/caring-for-patients-H.pdf|title=What healthcare personnel should know about caring for patients with confirmed or possible coronavirus disease 2|last=CDC|first=|date=12 March 2020|website=CDC|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=31 March 2020}}</ref>

Binabalangkas ng CDC ang mga tiyak na patnubay sa paggamit ng [[personal protective equipment|pansariling kagamitang pamprotekta]] (PPE) sa pandemya. Kabilang sa inirerekumendang kasuotan ang:

*[[Bentilador na panggamot|respirador]] o [[Surgical mask|peysmask]]<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-130/ Filtering out Confusion: Frequently Asked Questions about Respiratory Protection, User Seal Check] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816114738/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2018-130/ |date=16 August 2019 }}. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (April 2018). Retrieved 16 March 2020.</ref><ref>[http://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2020/03/16/n95-preparedness/?deliveryName=USCDC_170-DM22692 Proper N95 Respirator Use for Respiratory Protection Preparedness] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327073252/https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2020/03/16/n95-preparedness/?deliveryName=USCDC_170-DM22692 |date=27 March 2020 }}. NIOSH Science Blog (16 March 2020). Retrieved 16 March 2020.</ref>
* [[Hospital gown|''gown'']]{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}
* [[medical glove|guwantes pangmedisina]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/infection-control/control-recommendations.html |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |access-date=11 March 2020 |date=11 February 2020 |name-list-format=vanc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304165907/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/infection-control/control-recommendations.html |archive-date=4 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/caring-for-patients.html |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |access-date=8 March 2020 |date=11 February 2020 |name-list-format=vanc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304165907/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/caring-for-patients.html |archive-date=4 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[eye protection|pamprotekta ng mata]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Strategies for Optimizing the Supply of Eye Protection|date=11 February 2020|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/ppe-strategy/eye-protection.html|publisher=CDC|access-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323173916/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/ppe-strategy/eye-protection.html|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kapag mayroon, mas mainam ang mga respirador (sa halip ng mga peysmask).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/infection-control/control-recommendations.html|title=Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings|author=CDC|date=11 February 2020|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304165907/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/infection-control/control-recommendations.html|archive-date=4 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref> Inaprubahan ang respirador-N95 para sa industriya ngunit binigyang-awtorisasyon ng FDA ang mask para gamitin sa ilalim ng [[Emergency Use Authorization|Awtorisasyon para sa Kagipitang Paggamit]] (EUA). Idinisenyo sila upang magprotekta laban sa mga tipik sa hangin tulad ng alikabaok ngunit hindi garantisado ang bisa laban sa isang tiyak na elementong biyolohikal para sa paggamit na wala sa reseta.<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Frequently Asked Questions|url=https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/mcm-issues/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-frehttps://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malauti%C3%A1_de_coronavirus_de_2019quently-asked-questions#5e78ba94b86da|website=Food and Drug Administration}}</ref> Kapag walang magagamit na mask, inirerekumenda ng CDC ang paggamit ng panakip sa mukha, o bilang huling paraan ang mga mask na gawang-bahay.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/ppe-strategy/face-masks.html|title=Strategies for Optimizing the Supply of Facemasks|date=11 February 2020|publisher=CDC|access-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323173927/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/ppe-strategy/face-masks.html|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

===De-makinang bentilasyon===

Karamihan ng mga kaso ng COVID-19 ay hindi ganoong katindi na kailangan ang [[mechanical ventilation|de-makinang bentilasyon]] (artipisyal na pansuporta sa paghihinga) , ngunit kailangan ito ng bahagdan ng mga kaso.<ref name="murthy">{{cite journal | vauthors = Murthy S, Gomersall CD, Fowler RA | title = Care for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 | journal = JAMA | date = 11 March 2020 | pmid = 32159735 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2020.3633 | url = https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2762996 | access-date = 18 March 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200318203852/https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2762996 |archive-date=18 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=World Health Organization|date=28 January 2020|title=Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection is suspected|url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/clinical-management-of-novel-cov.pdf|journal=|volume=|pages=|via=|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226041620/https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/clinical-management-of-novel-cov.pdf|archive-date=26 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Inirerekumenda ng iilang mga Kanadyanong doktor ang paggamit ng [[mechanical ventilation|mapanghimasok na de-makinang bentilasyon]] dahil nililimitahan ng pamamaraan ang pagkalat ng [[Airborne disease|pinaerosol]] na [[Vector (epidemiology)|bektor]] ng transmisyon.<ref name="murthy"/> Ang mga matinding kaso ay pinakakaraniwan sa mga matatanda (ang mga nakatatanda sa 60 taon<ref name="murthy"/> at lalo na ang mga nakatatanda sa 80 taon).<ref>{{Cite document |last1=Ferguson |first1=N. |last2=Laydon |first2=D.|last3=Nedjati Gilani |first3=G. |last4=Imai |first4=N. |last5=Ainslie |first5=K. |last6=Baguelin |first6=M. |last7=Bhatia |first7=S. |last8=Boonyasiri|first8=A.|last9=Cucunuba Perez|first9=Zulma|last10=Cuomo-Dannenburg |first10=G. |last11=Dighe |first11=A. |date=16 March 2020 |title=Report 9: Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID19 mortality and healthcare demand|publisher=[[Imperial College London]] |url=http://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/handle/10044/1/77482|doi=10.25561/77482|hdl=20.1000/100|doi-access=free|at=Table 1|journal=|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321133445/https://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/handle/10044/1/77482|archive-date=21 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kulang ang mga [[List of countries by hospital beds|higaan sa ospital sa bawat tao]] sa maraming nagpapaunlad na bansa, na nakalilimita sa kapasidad ng [[sistemang pangkalusugan]] upang pangasiwaan ang biglang pagdami ng mga kaso ng COVID-19 na matindi anupat nangangailangan ng pagpapaospital.<ref name="VoxCOVID">{{cite news |last=Scott |first=Dylan |title=Coronavirus is exposing all of the weaknesses in the US health system High health care costs and low medical capacity made the US uniquely vulnerable to the coronavirus. |url=https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2020/3/16/21173766/coronavirus-covid-19-us-cases-health-care-system |accessdate=18 March 2020 |publisher=Vox |date=16 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318022237/https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2020/3/16/21173766/coronavirus-covid-19-us-cases-health-care-system |archive-date=18 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Itong limitadong kapasidad ay mahalagang dahilan kung bakit kailangang [[Panlipunang pagdidistansya|patagin ang kurba]] (panatilihin ang bagal ng pagkakaroon ng bagong kaso para kalunang bababa ang bilang ng may sakit).<ref name="VoxCOVID"/> Natuklasan ng isang pagsusuri sa Tsina na 5% ang naospital sa mga ''[[intensive care unit]]'', 2.3% ang nangailangan ng de-makinang suporta ng bentilasyon, at 1.4% ang namatay.<ref name="Guan Ni Hu Liang p.">{{cite journal | vauthors = Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, Liu L, Shan H, Lei CL, Hui DS, Du B, Li LJ, Zeng G, Yuen KY, Chen RC, Tang CL, Wang T, Chen PY, Xiang J, Li SY, Wang JL, Liang ZJ, Peng YX, Wei L, Liu Y, Hu YH, Peng P, Wang JM, Liu JY, Chen Z, Li G, Zheng ZJ, Qiu SQ, Luo J, Ye CJ, Zhu SY, Zhong NS | display-authors = 6 | title = Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | date = February 2020 | pmid = 32109013 | doi = 10.1056/nejmoa2002032 | publisher = Massachusetts Medical Society | doi-access = free }}</ref> Halos 20–30% ng mga tao sa ospital na may pulmonya mula sa COVID-19 ay nangailangan ng ''ICU care'' bilang suporta sa palahingahan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)|last=|date=2020-02-11|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|access-date=2020-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302201644/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html|archive-date=2 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Teknolohiya sa paggawa===

Dahil sa mga pagkabigo sa mga [[supply chain|daloy ng produkto]], namamagitan ang mga digital na tagagawa sa pagyayari ng mga pamahid sa ilong, bahagi ng bentilador, at iba pa.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Temple |first1=James |title=How 3D printing could save lives in the coronavirus outbreak |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/615420/3d-printing-coronavirus-covid-19-medical-supplies-devices/ |accessdate=5 April 2020 |work=MIT Technology Review}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Tibken |first1=Shara |title=3D printing may help supply more essential coronavirus medical gear |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/3d-printing-may-help-supply-more-essential-coronavirus-medical-gear/ |accessdate=5 April 2020 |work=CNET |language=en}}</ref> Nag-empleo ang isang Italyanong ''startup'' ng teknolohiya ng [[3D printing|3D-limbag]] upang gumawa ng mga balbula para sa paggamot para sa coronavirus na nagliligtas-buhay dahil sa nasirang daloy ng produkto mula sa orihinal na pagmamanupaktura.<ref>{{cite news |title=[Updating] Italian hospital saves Covid-19 patients lives by 3D printing valves for reanimation devices |url=https://www.3dprintingmedia.network/covid-19-3d-printed-valve-for-reanimation-device/ |accessdate=20 March 2020 |work=3D Printing Media Network |date=14 March 2020}}</ref> $1 ang naging gastos ng mga balbulang inilimbag-3D sa halip ng $10,000 at nahanda nang magdamag.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Peters |first1=Jay |title=Volunteers produce 3D-printed valves for life-saving coronavirus treatments |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/3/17/21184308/coronavirus-italy-medical-3d-print-valves-treatments |accessdate=20 March 2020 |work=The Verge |date=17 March 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Sindrom ng matalas na sakit sa palahingahan ===

Nagiging mas kumplikado ang [[Mechanical ventilation|de-makinang bentilasyon]] habang lumalala ang [[ARDS]] sa COVID-19 at humihirap nang humihirap ang oksihenasyon.<ref name="LancetRespMar2020" /> Kakailanganin ang mga bentilador na may kakayahan ng [[Modes of mechanical ventilation|paraan ng pagkontrol sa presyon]] at mataas na [[PEEP]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Briel |first1=Matthias |last2=Meade |first2=Maureen |last3=Mercat |first3=Alain |last4=Brower |first4=Roy G. |last5=Talmor |first5=Daniel |last6=Walter |first6=Stephen D. |last7=Slutsky |first7=Arthur S. |last8=Pullenayegum |first8=Eleanor |last9=Zhou |first9=Qi |last10=Cook |first10=Deborah |last11=Brochard |first11=Laurent |last12=Richard |first12=Jean-Christophe M. |last13=Lamontagne |first13=François |last14=Bhatnagar |first14=Neera |last15=Stewart |first15=Thomas E. |last16=Guyatt |first16=Gordon |title=Higher vs Lower Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Patients With Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_jama_2010-03-03_303_9/page/865 |journal=JAMA |date=3 March 2010 |volume=303 |issue=9 |pages=865–73 |doi=10.1001/jama.2010.218|pmid=20197533 }}</ref> upang sukdulan ang paghahatid ng oksiheno at bawasan ang panganib ng  [[ventilator-associated lung injury|pagkapinsala ng baga na may kaugnay sa bentilador]] at [[pneumothorax|numotoraks]].<ref name="barotrauma">{{cite book |last1=Diaz |first1=Raiko |last2=Heller |first2=Daniel |title=Barotrauma And Mechanical Ventilation |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545226/ |website=StatPearls |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |date=2020|pmid=31424810 }}</ref> Maaaring walang mataas na PEEP sa mga lumang bentilador.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-right:1em;"
|+ style="background:#E5AFAA;" |Mga opsyon para sa ARDS<ref name=LancetRespMar2020>{{cite journal |last1=Matthay |first1=Michael A. |last2=Aldrich |first2=J. Matthew |last3=Gotts |first3=Jeffrey E. |title=Treatment for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome from COVID-19 |journal=The Lancet Respiratory Medicine |date=March 2020 |doi=10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30127-2|pmid=32203709 }}</ref>
|- style="background: #E5AFAA;text-align:center;"
! Terapiya
! Mga rekomendasyon
|-
| [[Nasal cannula|Taas-daloy ng oksihenong pailong]]
(''High-flow nasal oxygen'')
| Para sa [[oxygen saturation|SpO2]] <93%. Maaaring maiwasan ang pangagailangan para sa intubason at bentilasyon
|-
| [[Tidal volume|Dami ng dumadaloy]]
(''Tidal volume'')
| 6mL bawat kg at maaaring ibaba hanggang 4mL/kg
|-
| [[Plateau pressure|Pantayaning presyon ng daanan ng hangin]]
(''Plateau airaway pressure'')
| Panatilihing nang mababa sa 30 [[Centimetre of water|cmH2O]] kung posible (mataas na [[respiratory rate|bilis ng palahingahan]] (35 bawat minuto) ay maaaring kailanganin)
|-
| [[Positive end-expiratory pressure|Positibong presyon sa wakas ng pagbuga]]
(''Positive end-expiratory pressure'')
| Katamtaman hanggang mataas na antas
|-
| [[Prone position|Posisyong nakadapa]]
(''Prone positioning'')
| Para sa lumalalang oksihenasyon
|-
| [[Fluid replacement|Pangangasiwa ng likido]]
(''Fluid management'')
| Ang layunin ay negatibong balanse ng 1/2–[[Litro|1L]] bawat araw
|-
|[[Antibiyotiko]]
| Para sa mga pangalawahing impeksyong dulot ng baktirya
|-
| Mga [[Glucocorticoids|glucocorticoid]]
| Di-inirerekomenda
|}

===Eksperimental na paggamot===
Wala pang naaprubahang gamot para sa sakit ng WHO ngunit inirerekumenda ang ilan ng mga indibidwal na pambansang awtoridad sa medisina.<ref name="LiDeClerq">{{cite journal | vauthors = Li G, De Clercq E | title = Therapeutic options for the 2019&nbsp;novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) | journal = Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 149–150 | date = March 2020 | pmid = 32127666 | doi = 10.1038/d41573-020-00016-0 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Nagsimula ang pananaliksik sa mga potensyal na gamot noong Enero 2020,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-hospital-idUSKBN20B1M6|title=Chinese doctors using plasma therapy on coronavirus, WHO says 'very valid' approach|newspaper=Reuters|date=17 February 2020|via=www.reuters.com|access-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304173709/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-hospital-idUSKBN20B1M6|archive-date=4 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> at ang ilang drogang panlaban sa birus ay nasa klinikal na pagsubok.<ref name="Reut_NIH_Moderna_3months">{{cite news | last1= Steenhuysen | first1= Julie | last2= Kelland | first2= Kate | name-list-format = vanc | title= With Wuhan virus genetic code in hand, scientists begin work on a vaccine | date= 24 January 2020 | agency= [[Reuters]] | url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-vaccines-idUSKBN1ZN2J8 |accessdate=25 January 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200125203723/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-vaccines-idUSKBN1ZN2J8 |archive-date= 25 January 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="clinicaltrialsarena">{{cite web|url=https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/analysis/coronavirus-mers-cov-drugs/|title=Coronavirus outbreak: Vaccines/drugs in the pipeline for Covid-19|last=Duddu|first=Praveen|date=19 February 2020|work=clinicaltrialsarena.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219184512/https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/analysis/coronavirus-mers-cov-drugs/|archive-date=19 February 2020|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> Bagaman maaabutin ang 2021 bago mabuo ang mga bagong gamot,<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Lu H|date=28 January 2020|title=Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV).|journal=Biosci Trends|volume=14|issue=1|pages=69–71|doi=10.5582/bst.2020.01020|pmid=31996494}}</ref> inaprubahan na ang iilang gamot na sinusuri para sa mga ibang paggamit, o ay nasa huling yugto ng pagsubok.<ref name="LiDeClerq" /> Maaaring subukin ang gamot panlaban sa birus sa mga taong may matinding sakit.<ref name="NatureDale Fisher & David Heymann" /> Inirekumenda ng WHO na makibahagi ang mga boluntaryo sa mga pagsubok sa bisa at kaligtasan ng mga potensyal na gamot.<ref name="ThomReut_notreatment_20200205">{{cite news|last1=Nebehay|first1=Stephanie|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-treatments-who-idUSKBN1ZZ1M6|title=WHO: 'no known effective' treatments for new coronavirus|date=5 February 2020|access-date=5 February 2020|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205155653/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-treatments-who-idUSKBN1ZZ1M6|archive-date=5 February 2020|agency=[[Thomson Reuters]]|last2=Kelland|first2=Kate|last3=Liu|first3=Roxanne|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref>

===Teknolohiyang pang-impormasyon===

Noong Pebrero 2020, inilunsad ng Tsina ang isang ''[[mobile app]]'' upang harapin ang siklab ng sakit.<ref>{{cite news |title=China launches coronavirus 'close contact' app |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51439401 |access-date=7 March 2020 |work=BBC News |date=11 February 2020 |name-list-format=vanc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228003957/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51439401 |archive-date=28 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hinihilingan ang mga tagagamit na ilagay ang kanilang pangalan at ID bilang. Natutunton ng app ang <nowiki>''malapit nakontak'</nowiki> gamit ang datos sa pagmamatyag at samakatwid ang potensyal na panganib ng impeksyon. Maaaring suriin ng bawat tagagamit ang tatlong pang tagagamit. Kung may natunton na potensyal na panganib, hindi lamang inirerekumenda ng app ang kuwarantina ng sarili, inaalerto rin nito ang mga lokal na opisyal sa kalusugan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chen |first1=Angela | name-list-format = vanc |title=China's coronavirus app could have unintended consequences |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/615199/coronavirus-china-app-close-contact-surveillance-covid-19-technology/ |website=MIT Technology Review |access-date=7 March 2020 }}</ref>

Ginagamit ang analitika ng [[Big data|malaking datos]] ukol sa mga datos ng cellphone, teknolohiyang [[Facial recognition system|pangkilala ng mukha]], [[mobile phone tracking|pagsubaybay ng mobile phone]], at [[Intelihensiyang artipisyal|intelihensyang artipisyal]] upang subaybayan ang mga nahawang tao at ang mga taong nakakontak nila sa Timog Korea, Taiwan, at Singgapura.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gov in the Time of Corona |url=https://govinsider.asia/innovation/gov-in-the-time-of-corona/ |access-date=20 March 2020 |work=GovInsider |date=19 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320125215/https://govinsider.asia/innovation/gov-in-the-time-of-corona/ |archive-date=20 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Manancourt |first=Vincent |title=Coronavirus tests Europe's resolve on privacy |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/coronavirus-tests-europe-resolve-on-privacy-tracking-apps-germany-italy/ |access-date=20 March 2020 |work=POLITICO |date=10 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320105744/https://www.politico.eu/article/coronavirus-tests-europe-resolve-on-privacy-tracking-apps-germany-italy/ |archive-date=20 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Noong Marso 2020, napangyari ng gobyerno ng Israel ang mga ahensiyang panseguridad na subaybayan ang mga datos ng taong sinususpetsang may coronavirus. Isinagawa ang hakbang upang ipatupad ang kuwarantina at protektahan ang mga makasasalimuha sa mga nahawang mamamayan.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Tidy|first=Joe|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51930681|title=Coronavirus: Israel enables emergency spy powers|date=17 March 2020|work=BBC News|access-date=18 March 2020|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318113608/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-51930681|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Gayundin sa Marso 2020, ibinahagi ng [[Deutsche Telekom]] ang agregatong datos ng lokasyon ng phone sa Alemanong ahensya ng pamahalaang pederal [[Robert Koch Institute|Institutong Robert Koch]], upang saliksikin at hadlangan ang pagkalat ng birus.<ref name="heise-handydaten">{{cite news |last=Bünte |first=Oliver |title=Corona-Krise: Deutsche Telekom liefert anonymisierte Handydaten an RKI |url=https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Corona-Krise-Deutsche-Telekom-liefert-anonymisierte-Handydaten-an-RKI-4685191.html |accessdate=25 March 2020 |work=Heise Online |date=18 March 2020 |language=German |trans-title=Corona crisis: Deutsche Telekom delivers anonymized cell phone data to RKI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324115410/https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Corona-Krise-Deutsche-Telekom-liefert-anonymisierte-Handydaten-an-RKI-4685191.html |archive-date=24 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ikinalat ng Rusya ang teknolohiyang pangkilala ng mukha upang matunton ang mga lumalabag sa kuwarantina.<ref>{{cite news |title=Moscow deploys facial recognition technology for coronavirus quarantine |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-moscow-technology-idUSKBN20F1RZ |access-date=20 March 2020 |work=Reuters |date=21 February 2020 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222215731/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-moscow-technology-idUSKBN20F1RZ |archive-date=22 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sinabi ni [[Giulio Gallera]], Italyanong panrehiyong komisyonado sa kalusugan, na sinabihan siya ng mga operador ng mobile phone na "patuloy-tuloy pa ring naglilibot ang 40% ng mga tao".<ref>{{cite news |title=Italians scolded for flouting lockdown as death toll nears 3,000 |url=https://www.post-gazette.com/news/world/2020/03/18/Italy-coronavirus-475-deaths-one-day-death-toll-2978-COVID-19-doctors/stories/202003180182 |access-date=20 March 2020 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320110555/https://www.post-gazette.com/news/world/2020/03/18/Italy-coronavirus-475-deaths-one-day-death-toll-2978-COVID-19-doctors/stories/202003180182 |archive-date=20 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Nagdaraos ang Alemanong pamahalaan ng 48 oras na [[hackathon]] sa dulo ng sanlinggo na may higit sa 42,000 kalahok.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kreative Lösungen gesucht |url=https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/themen/coronavirus/wir-vs-virus-1731968 |website=Startseite |language=de |access-date=23 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324085627/https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/themen/coronavirus/wir-vs-virus-1731968 |archive-date=24 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dannewitz |first1=Juliane |title=Hackathon Germany: #WirvsVirus |url=https://www.datenschutzbeauftragter-info.de/hackathon-germany-wirvsvirus/ |work=Datenschutzbeauftragter |date=23 March 2020 |language=de-DE}}</ref> Ipinatawag naman ni [[Kersti Kaljulaid]], pangulo ng Estonya, ang tawag para sa malikhaing solusyon laban sa pagkalat ng coronavirus.<ref>{{cite news |first=Andrew |last=Whyte |title=President makes global call to combat coronavirus via hackathon |url=https://news.err.ee/1067171/president-makes-global-call-to-combat-coronavirus-via-hackathon |work=ERR |date=21 March 2020 |language=en |access-date=23 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324050421/https://news.err.ee/1067171/president-makes-global-call-to-combat-coronavirus-via-hackathon |archive-date=24 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Suportang sikolohikal===
Maaaring dumanas ang mga indibidwal ng kabagbagan dahil sa kuwarantina, paghihigpit sa pagbibiyahe, di-magandang epekto ng paggamot, o pagkatakot sa impeksyon mismo. Upang matugunan ang mga ganitong ikinababahala, inilathala ng [[National Health Commission|Pambansang Komisyon sa Kalusugan ng Tsina]] ang isang pambansang patnubay para sa pamamagitan sa sikolohikal na krisis noong 27 Enero 2020.<ref name="Xiang4Feb2020">{{cite journal | vauthors = Xiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T, Ng CH | display-authors = 6 | title = Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed | journal = The Lancet. Psychiatry | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = 228–29 | date = March 2020 | pmid = 32032543 |doi=10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Kang5Feb2020">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang BX, Wang Y, Hu J, Lai J, Ma X, Chen J, Guan L, Wang G, Ma H, Liu Z | display-authors = 6 | title = The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019&nbsp;novel coronavirus | journal = The Lancet. Psychiatry | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = e14 | date = March 2020 | pmid = 32035030 |doi=10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30047-X |doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Prognosis==
{{See|Pagkakaiba sa pagitan ng COVID-19 at Pneumonia}}
{{Primary sources|date=Abril 2020}}
{{multiple image
 | align         = right
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<!--image 1-->
 | image1        = Severity-of-coronavirus-cases-in-China-1.png
 | alt1          = Ang kabagsikan ng narikonosing kaso sa Tsina
 | caption1      = Ang kabagsikan ng narikonosing kaso ng COVID-19 sa Tsina<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Roser |first1=Max |last2=Ritchie |first2=Hannah |last3=Ortiz-Ospina |first3=Esteban |name-list-format=vanc |title=Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) |url=https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus |journal=Our World in Data |access-date=12 March 2020 |date=4 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319171947/https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus |archive-date=19 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<!--image 2-->
 | image2        = Illustration of SARS-COV-2 Case Fatality Rate 200228 01-1.png
 | alt2          = 3D Medical Animation Still Shot graph showing Case Fatality rates by age group from SARS-COV-2 in China.
 | caption2      = Antas ng namatay na kaso ayon sa pangkat ng edad sa Tsina. Mga datos mula sa 11 Pebrero 2020.<ref name="Epidemiology2020Feb17" />
<!--image 3-->
 | image3        = Comorbidity and severity in covid-19 data from China CDC Weekly 2020, 2(8), pp. 113-122 (cropped).png
 | alt3          = Case fatality rate depending on other health problems
 | caption3      = Antas ng namatay na kaso sa Tsina depende sa mga iba pang problema sa kalusugan. Mga datos mula sa 11 Pebrero 2020.<ref name="Epidemiology2020Feb17" />
<!--image 4-->
 | image4        = Covid-19-total-confirmed-cases-vs-total-confirmed-deaths.png
 | alt4          = Case fatality rate by country and number of cases
 | caption4      = Bilang ng namatay kontra sa kabuuang bilang ng kaso ayon sa bansa at tinatayang antas ng namamatay na kaso
}}

Naiiba-iba ang kabagsikan ng COVID-19. Maaaring mahinahon ang sakit na may kakaunting o walang sintomas, na magkahawig sa mga iba pang karaniwang sakit sa itaas ng palahingahan tulad ng [[karaniwang sipon]]. Karaniwang gumagaling ang mga mahinahong kaso sa loob ng dalawang linggo, habang ang mga ay matinding o kritikal na kaso ay maaaring tumagal nang tatlo hanggang anim na linggo bago gumaling. Kabilang doon sa mga namatay, ang pagitan ng paglilitaw ng sintomas at kamatayan ay nasa dalawa hanggang walong linggo.<ref name="WHOReport24Feb2020" /> 

Madaling tablan ang mga kabataan ng sakit, ngunit mas malamang na mahinahon ang kanilang sintomas at may mas mababang tsansa ng matinding sakit kumpara sa mga matatanda; sa mga nakababata sa 50 taon, ang panganib ng kamatayan ay mas kaunti sa 0.5%, habang sa mga nakatatanda sa 70 ito ay higit sa 8%.<ref name="Lu Zhang Du Zhang p.">{{cite journal|display-authors=6|vauthors=Lu X, Zhang L, Du H, Zhang J, Li YY, Qu J, Zhang W, Wang Y, Bao S, Li Y, Wu C, Liu H, Liu D, Shao J, Peng X, Yang Y, Liu Z, Xiang Y, Zhang F, Silva RM, Pinkerton KE, Shen K, Xiao H, Xu S, Wong GW|date=18 March 2020|title=SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|publisher=Massachusetts Medical Society|page=|doi=10.1056/nejmc2005073|issn=0028-4793|pmid=32187458}}</ref><ref name="pediatrics_tong">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dong Y, Mo X, Hu Y, Qi X, Jiang F, Jiang Z, Tong S | journal = Pediatrics | title = Epidemiological Characteristics of 2143 Pediatric Patients With 2019 Coronavirus Disease in China | date = 2020 | pages = e20200702 | url = https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2020/03/16/peds.2020-0702.full.pdf | doi = 10.1542/peds.2020-0702 | pmid = 32179660 | access-date = 16 March 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200317223427/https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2020/03/16/peds.2020-0702.full.pdf | archive-date = 17 March 2020 | url-status = live }}</ref> Higit na nanganganib ang mga [[COVID-19 in pregnancy|buntis na babae]] para sa matinding impeksyon ng COVID-19 ayon sa mga datos mula sa mga magkahawig na birus, tulad ng [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome|SARS]] at [[Middle East respiratory syndrome|MERS]], ngunit kulang ang mga datos para sa COVID-19.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M | title = Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? | journal = [[The Lancet Respiratory Medicine]] | volume = 395 | issue = 10224 | pages = e40 | date = March 2020 | pmid = 32171062 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30311-1 | pmc = 7118626 }}</ref><ref name="CDC 2020children">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/specific-groups/children-faq.html|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)|author=|date=11 February 2020|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=2 March 2020|name-list-format=vanc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302064104/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/specific-groups/children-faq.html|archive-date=2 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sa mga ilang tao, naaapektuhan ng COVID-19 ang mga baga at nagiging sanhi ng [[pulmonya]]. Sa mga malubhang apektado, maaaring sumulong nang mabilis ang COVID-19 patungo sa [[acute respiratory distress syndrome|sindrom ng matalas na sakit sa palahingahan]] (ARDS) na nagiging sanhi ng paghinto ng palahingahan, dagok-septiko, o paghinto ng iilang sangkap ng katawan.<ref name="Heymann Shindo 2020 pp. 542–545">{{cite journal | vauthors = Heymann DL, Shindo N | collaboration = WHO Scientific and Technical Advisory Group for Infectious Hazards | title = COVID-19: what is next for public health? | journal = Lancet | volume = 395 | issue = 10224 | pages = 542–545 | date = February 2020 | pmid = 32061313 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30374-3 | publisher = Elsevier BV }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R | chapter = Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19) | date = 2020 | pmid = 32150360 | chapter-url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/ | access-date = 18 March 2020 | publisher = StatPearls Publishing | location = Treasure Island (FL) | title = StatPearls }}</ref> Kabilang sa mga kumplikasyon na may kaugnayan sa COVID-19 ang [[sepsis]], [[Coagulopathy|di-karaniwang pamumuo]], at pagkapinsala ng puso, bato, at atay. Inilarawan ang mga abnormalidad sa pamumuo, lalo na ang pagtaas ng [[prothrombin time|oras ng prothrombin]], sa 6% ng mga naospital na may COVID-19, habang nakita ang di-karaniwang kilos ng bato sa 4% sa pangkat na ito.<ref name="Zhou Yu Du Fan 2020 p.">{{cite journal|display-authors=6|vauthors=Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xiang J, Wang Y, Song B, Gu X, Guan L|date=2020|title=Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study|journal=The Lancet|volume=395|issue=10229|pages=1054–1062|publisher=Elsevier BV|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30566-3|issn=0140-6736|pmid=32171076}}</ref> Malimit makita sa mga matinding kaso ang pagkapinsala sa atay na ipinapahayag ng mga dugong pangmarka ng pinsala sa atay.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Xu L, Liu J, Lu M, Yang D, Zheng X | title = Liver injury during highly pathogenic human coronavirus infections | journal = Liver International | date = March 2020 | pmid = 32170806 | doi = 10.1111/liv.14435 }}</ref>

Natuklasan ng iilang pagsusuri na makatutulong ang [[neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio|tagway ng neutrophil sa lymphocyte]] (NLR) sa maagang pagsisiyasat ng matinding sakit.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|doi=10.1093/cid/ciaa248|date=12 March 2020|last1=Tian|first1=Dai-Shi|last2=Wang|first2=Wei|last3=Shang|first3=Ke|last4=Ma|first4=Ke|last5=Xie|first5=Cuihong|last6=Tao|first6=Yu|last7=Yang|first7=Sheng|last8=Zhang|first8=Shuoqi|last9=Hu|first9=Ziwei|last10=Zhou|first10=Luoqi|last11=Qin|first11=Chuan|pmid=32161940|pmc=7108125}}</ref>

Karamihan ng mga namamatay sa COVID-19 ay may mga [[pre-existing condition|dati nang umiiral na kondisyon]], kabilang ang [[altapresyon]], [[diabetes mellitus]], at [[sakit sa puso]].<ref name=":8">{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-statement-on-the-advice-of-the-ihr-emergency-committee-on-novel-coronavirus |title=WHO Director-General's statement on the advice of the IHR Emergency Committee on Novel Coronavirus |website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) }}</ref> Iniulat ng [[Istituto Superiore di Sanità]] na 8.8% ng mga namatay kung saan may mga masusuring [[medical record|tsart pangkalusugan]], 97.2% ng mga sinuring pasyente ay may di-kukulangin sa isang [[comorbidity|kapwa sakit]] na ang katamtamang pasyente ay mag 2.7 sakit.<ref name="ISSCharacteristics">{{Cite report|vauthors=Palmieri L, Andrianou X, Barbariol P, Bella A, Bellino S, Benelli E, Bertinato L, Boros S, Brambilla G, Calcagnini G, Canevelli M, Castrucci MR, Censi F, Ciervo A, Colaizzo E, D'Ancona F, Del Manso M, Donfrancesco C, Fabiani M, Filia A, Floridia M, Giuliano M, Grisetti T, Langer M, Lega I, Lo Noce C, Maiozzi P, Malchiodi Albedi F, Manno V, Martini M, Mateo Urdiales A, Mattei E, Meduri C, Meli P, Minelli G, Nebuloni M, Nisticò L, Nonis M, Onder G, Palmisano L, Petrosillo N, Pezzotti P, Pricci F, Punzo O, Puro V, Raparelli V, Rezza G, Riccardo F, Rota MC, Salerno P, Serra D, Siddu A, Stefanelli P, Tamburo De Bella M, Tiple D, Unim B, Vaianella L, Vanacore N, Vichi M, Villani ER, Brusaferro S|display-authors= 6|title=Characteristics of COVID-19 patients dying in Italy Report based on available data on April 2th, 2020|url=https://www.epicentro.iss.it/en/coronavirus/bollettino/Report-COVID-2019_2_april_2020.pdf|date=3 April 2020|publisher=[[Istituto Superiore di Sanità]]|access-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ayon din sa ulat, panggitnang oras sa pagitan ng paglitaw ng sintomas at kamatayan ay sampung araw, na kung saan nagugol ang limang araw sa ospital. Gayunpaman, ang mga pasyenteng nailipat sa ICU ay may panggitnang oras ng pitong araw sa pagitan ng pagsasaospital at kamatayan.<ref name="ISSCharacteristics" /> Sa isang pagsusuri ng mga unang kaso, ang panggitnang oras sa pagitan ng paglitaw ng unang sintomas at kamatayan ay 14 araw, na may buong saklaw ng anim hanggang 41 araw.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang W, Tang J, Wei F | title = Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China | journal = Journal of Medical Virology | volume = 92 | issue = 4 | pages = 441–47 | date = April 2020 | pmid = 31994742 |doi=10.1002/jmv.25689 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Sa isang pagsusuri ng [[National Health Commission|Pambansang Komisyon sa Kalusugan]] (NHC) ng Tsina, ang mga kalalakihan ay may antas ng kamatayan na 2.8%, habang ang mga kababaihan ay may antas ng kamatayan na 1.7%.<ref name="WM2020Feb26">{{cite web |title=Coronavirus Age, Sex, Demographics (COVID-19) |url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-age-sex-demographics/ |website=www.worldometers.info |access-date=26 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227112932/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-age-sex-demographics/ |archive-date=27 February 2020 |url-status=live | name-list-format = vanc}}</ref> Ipinapakita ng mga eksaminasyong [[Histopathology|histopatolohikal]] ng sampol ng baga pagkatapos ng kamatayan ang [[diffuse alveolar damage|nakakalat na pinsala sa supot-hangin]] na may [[exudate|kata]]s ng cellular fibromyxoid sa dalawang baga. Naobserbahan ang mga biral na [[cytopathic effect|sitopatikong]] pagbabao sa mga [[pneumocytes|pneumocyte]]. Nakahawig ang larawan ng baga sa [[acute respiratory distress syndrome|sindrom ng matalas na sakit sa palahingahan]] (ARDS).<ref name="WHOReport24Feb2020" /> Sa 11.8% ng mga iniulat na namatay ng Pambansang Komisyon sa Kalusugan ng Tsina, naitala ang pinsala sa puso sa pamamagitan ng napataas na antas ng [[Troponin I|troponin]] o atake sa puso.<ref name="Zheng Ma Zhang Xie p." /> Maaari ring maapektuhan ang mortalidad ang pagkakaroon ng mga yamang medikal at [[socioeconomics|sosyoekonomika]] ng rehiyon.<ref name="Ji Ma Peppelenbosch Pan 2020 p.">{{cite journal | vauthors=Ji Y, Ma Z, Peppelenbosch MP, Pan Q | title=Potential association between COVID-19 mortality and health-care resource availability | journal=Lancet Global Health | volume= 8| date=February 2020 | issue=4 | pages=e480 | pmid=32109372 | doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30068-1 | doi-access=free }}</ref> Magkakaiba ang mga tantya ng mortalidad mula sa kondisyon dahil sa mga pagkakaiba-iba ng mga rehiyon ,<ref name="pmid32159317">{{cite journal | vauthors = Li XQ, Cai WF, Huang LF, Chen C, Liu YF, Zhang ZB, Yuan J, Li TG, Wang M | display-authors = 6 | title = [Comparison of epidemic characteristics between SARS in2003 and COVID-19 in 2020 in Guangzhou] | language = Chinese | journal = Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi | volume = 41 | issue = 5 | pages = 634–637 | date = March 2020 | pmid = 32159317 | doi = 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200228-00209 }}</ref> ngunit dahil rin sa mga hamon sa [[Metodo|pamamaraan]]. Ang kakulangan sa pagbilang ng mga mahinahong kaso ay maaaring humantong sa pagmamalabis ng antas ng kamatayan.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jung SM, Akhmetzhanov AR, Hayashi K, Linton NM, Yang Y, Yuan B, Kobayashi T, Kinoshita R, Nishiura H | display-authors = 6 | title = Real-Time Estimation of the Risk of Death from Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection: Inference Using Exported Cases | journal = Journal of Clinical Medicine | volume = 9 | issue = 2 | page = 523 | date = February 2020 | pmid = 32075152 | doi = 10.3390/jcm9020523 | pmc = 7074479 }}</ref> Gayunpaman, maaaring mangahulugan ng pagmamaliit ng antas ng kamatayan ang katotohanan na ang mga namatay ay resulta ng mga kasong nahawa sa nakaraan.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chughtai A, Malik A | title = Is Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) case fatality ratio underestimated? | journal = Global Biosecurity | date = March 2020 | volume = 1 | issue = 3 | doi = 10.31646/gbio.56 | doi-broken-date = 19 March 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Baud D, Qi X, Nielsen-Saines K, Musso D, Pomar L, Favre G | title = Real estimates of mortality following COVID-19 infection. | journal = The Lancet Infectious Diseases | date = March 2020 | doi = 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30195-X | pmid = 32171390 | pmc = 7118515 }}</ref>

Itinaas ang mga ikinababahala ukol sa pangmatagalang [[sequela]]e ng sakit. Natuklasan ng [[Hong Kong Hospital Authority|Awtoridad ng Ospital ng Hong Kong]] ang pagbaba ng 20% hanggang 30% sa kapasidad ng baga sa mga iilang tao na gumaling sa sakit, at iminumungkahi ng mga iskinan na baga ang pinsala sa sangkap.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cheung |first1=Elizabeth |name-list-format=vanc |title=Some recovered Covid-19 patients may have lung damage, doctors say |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3074988/coronavirus-some-recovered-patients-may-have |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |language=en |date=13 March 2020 |access-date=15 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315172445/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3074988/coronavirus-some-recovered-patients-may-have |archive-date=15 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Antas ng nasawing kaso (%) ayon sa edad at bansa
|-
!Edad
!0–9
!10–19
!20–29
!30–39
!40–49
!50–59
!60–69
!70–79
!80-89
!90+
|-
|Tsino noong pagsapit ng 11 Pebrero<ref name="Epidemiology2020Feb17">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yanping Z, et al.|collaboration=The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team|title=The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19)—China, 2020|url=http://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/id/e53946e2-c6c4-41e9-9a9b-fea8db1a8f51|journal=China CDC Weekly|volume=2|issue=8|pages=113–122|date=17 February 2020|publisher=[[Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention]]|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219142101/http://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/id/e53946e2-c6c4-41e9-9a9b-fea8db1a8f51|archive-date=19 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{shade|align=center|0.0}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.2}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.2}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.2}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.4}}
|{{shade|align=center|1.3}}
|{{shade|align=center|3.6}}
|{{shade|align=center|8.0}}
|colspan="2" {{shade|align=center|14.8}}
|-
|Dinamarka noong pagsapit ng 8 Abril<ref name="SSIReport">{{cite report|url=https://files.ssi.dk/COVID19-overvaagningsrapport-08042020-zm92|title=COVID-19 i Danmark: Epidemiologisk overvågningsrapport den 8. april 2020|date=8 April 2020|publisher=[[Statens Serum Institut]]|language=Danish|access-date=9 April 2020|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 Abril 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412023124/https://files.ssi.dk/COVID19-overvaagningsrapport-08042020-zm92}}</ref>
|colspan="6" {{shade|align=center|0.2}}
|{{shade|align=center|3.4}}
|{{shade|align=center|11.9}}
|{{shade|align=center|20.8}}
|{{shade|align=center|32.4}}
|-
|Italya noong pagsapit ng 6 Abril<ref name="ISSReport">{{cite report|url=https://www.epicentro.iss.it/coronavirus/bollettino/Bollettino-sorveglianza-integrata-COVID-19_6-aprile-2020.pdf|title=Epidemia COVID-19. Aggiornamento nazionale 6 aprile 2020|last=|first=|date=6 April 2020|publisher=[[Istituto Superiore di Sanità]]|issue=|doi=|location=Rome|volume=|language=Italian|pmid=|access-date=7 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{shade|align=center|0.1}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.0}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.1}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.4}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.8}}
|{{shade|align=center|2.3}}
|{{shade|align=center|8.4}}
|{{shade|align=center|22.7}}
|{{shade|align=center|30.6}}
|{{shade|align=center|26.8}}
|-
|Olanda noong pagsapit ng 6 Abril<ref name="RIVMReport">{{cite report|url=https://www.rivm.nl/sites/default/files/2020-04/COVID-19_WebSite_rapport_20200406_1005_1.pdf|title=Epidemiologische situatie COVID-19 in Nederland 06 april 2020|date=6 April 2020|publisher=[[Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment|Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milie]]|location=Bilthoven|language=Dutch|access-date=6 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{shade|align=center|0.0}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.0}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.1}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.1}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.4}}
|{{shade|align=center|1.2}}
|{{shade|align=center|6.2}}
|{{shade|align=center|16.0}}
|{{shade|align=center|25.1}}
|{{shade|align=center|22.0}}
|-
|Timog Korea noong pagsapit ng 7 Abril<ref name="KCDCReport">{{cite report|url=https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030|title=The updates on COVID-19 in Korea as of 7 April|date=7 April 2020|publisher=[[Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|access-date=9 April 2020|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 Mayo 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517200554/https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030}}</ref>
|{{shade|align=center|0.0}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.0}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.0}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.1}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.1}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.7}}
|{{shade|align=center|2.0}}
|{{shade|align=center|8.3}}
|colspan="2" {{shade|align=center|20.0}}
|-
|Espanya noong pagsapit ng 7 Abril<ref name="MSCBSReport">{{cite report|url=https://www.mscbs.gob.es/profesionales/saludPublica/ccayes/alertasActual/nCov-China/documentos/Actualizacion_69_COVID-19.pdf|title=Actualización nº 67. Enfermedad por el coronavirus (COVID-19).|date=8 April 2020|publisher=[[Ministry of Health (Spain)|Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social]]|language=Spanish|access-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
|{{shade|align=center|0.3}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.2}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.2}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.2}}
|{{shade|align=center|0.3}}
|{{shade|align=center|1.0}}
|{{shade|align=center|3.1}}
|{{shade|align=center|9.9}}
|{{shade|align=center|19.2}}
|{{shade|align=center|22.7}}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Antas ng nasawing kaso (%) ayon sa edad sa Estados Unidos
|-
!Edad
!0–19
!20–44
!45–54
!55–64
!65–74
!75–84
!85+
|-
|Estados Unidos noong pagsapit ng 16 Marso<ref name="CDCMMWR18Mar2020">{{cite journal|author=CDC COVID-19 Response Team|title=Severe Outcomes Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)—United States, February 12 – March 16, 2020|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6912e2.htm|journal=[[Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report]]|volume=69|issue=12|pages=343–346|date=18 March 2020|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control]]|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6912e2|pmid=32214079|access-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322021219/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6912e2.htm|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
|style="text-align:center;"|0.0
|style="text-align:center;"|0.1–0.2
|style="text-align:center;"|0.5–0.8
|style="text-align:center;"|1.4–2.6
|style="text-align:center;"|2.7–4.9
|style="text-align:center;"|4.3–10.5
|style="text-align:center;"|10.4–27.3
|-
| colspan="8" |Paalala: Kabilang sa nakababang hangganan ang lahat ng mga kaso. Hindi kasama sa nakatataas na hangganan ang mga kaso na kulang sa datos.
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Tantya ng antas ng nasawing nahawa at probabilidad ng matinding kurso ng sakit (%) ayon sa edad batay sa mga kaso mula sa Tsina<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Verity|first=Robert|last2=Okell|first2=Lucy C|last3=Dorigatti|first3=Ilaria|last4=Winskill|first4=Peter|last5=Whittaker|first5=Charles|last6=Imai|first6=Natsuko|last7=Cuomo-Dannenburg|first7=Gina|last8=Thompson|first8=Hayley|last9=Walker|first9=Patrick G T|last10=Fu|first10=Han|last11=Dighe|first11=Amy|date=30 March 2020|title=Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis|journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases|doi=10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30243-7|pmid=32240634|doi-access=free|issn=1473-3099}}</ref>
|-
!
!0–9
!10–19
!20–29
!30–39
!40–49
!50–59
!60–69
!70–79
!80+
|-
!Matinding sakit
|{{shade|align=center|0.0}}<br /><small>(0.0–0.0)</small>
|{{shade|align=center|0.04}}<br /><small>(0.02–0.08)</small>
|{{shade|align=center|1.0}}<br /><small>(0.62–2.1)</small>
|{{shade|align=center|3.4}}<br /><small>(2.0–7.0)</small>
|{{shade|align=center|4.3}}<br /><small>(2.5–8.7)</small>
|{{shade|align=center|8.2}}<br /><small>(4.9–17)</small>
|{{shade|align=center|11}}<br /><small>(7.0–24)</small>
|{{shade|align=center|17}}<br /><small>(9.9–34)</small>
|{{shade|align=center|18}}<br /><small>(11–38)</small>
|-
!Namatay
|{{shade|align=center|0.0016}}<br /><small>(0.00016–0.025)</small>
|{{shade|align=center|0.0070}}<br /><small>(0.0015–0.050)</small>
|{{shade|align=center|0.031}}<br /><small>(0.014–0.092)</small>
|{{shade|align=center|0.084}}<br /><small>(0.041–0.19)</small>
|{{shade|align=center|0.16}}<br /><small>(0.076–0.32)</small>
|{{shade|align=center|0.60}}<br /><small>(0.34–1.3)</small>
|{{shade|align=center|1.9}}<br /><small>(1.1–3.9)</small>
|{{shade|align=center|4.3}}<br /><small>(2.5–8.4)</small>
|{{shade|align=center|7.8}}<br /><small>(3.8–13)</small>
|-
|colspan=10| Tinatantya ang kabuuang antas ng nasawing nahawa sa 0.66% (0.39–1.3). Ang antas ng nasawing nahawa ay nasawi sa bawat kabuuan ng nahawang tao, na rikonosi man o may anumang sintomas. Ang mga nakapanaklong na bilang ay 95% [[credible interval|kapani-paniwalang agwat]] para sa mga tantya.
|}

=== Muling pagkahawa ===
Noong pagsapit ng Marso 2020, hindi alam kung nakabibigay ang nakaraang pagkahawa ng epektibong at pangmatagalang [[Immunity (medical)|imyunidad]] sa mga taong gumaling sa sakit.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.immunology.org/news/bsi-open-letter-government-sars-cov-2-outbreak-response|title=BSI open letter to Government on SARS-CoV-2 outbreak response | publisher= British Society for Immunology|website= immunology.org|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200314221816/https://www.immunology.org/news/bsi-open-letter-government-sars-cov-2-outbreak-response|archive-date=14 March 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Malamang na magkakaroon ng imyunidad ayon sa gawi ng mga ibang coronavirus,<ref>{{cite news| url= https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/coronavirus-immunity-reinfection-get-covid-19-twice-sick-spread-relapse-a9400691.html |title= Can you get coronavirus twice or does it cause immunity?|date=13 March 2020|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200314211439/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/coronavirus-immunity-reinfection-get-covid-19-twice-sick-spread-relapse-a9400691.html|archive-date=14 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ngunit naiuat ang mga kasong gumaling sa COVID-19 at saka nagpositibo sa coronavirus sa dakong huli.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-03-13/china-japan-korea-coronavirus-reinfection-test-positive|title=They survived the coronavirus. Then they tested positive again. Why?|date=13 March 2020|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314220822/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-03-13/china-japan-korea-coronavirus-reinfection-test-positive|archive-date=14 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.caixinglobal.com/2020-02-26/14-of-recovered-covid-19-patients-in-guangdong-tested-positive-again-101520415.html|title=14% of Recovered Covid-19 Patients in Guangdong Tested Positive Again| publisher= Caixin Global|website= caixinglobal.com|language=en|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200303181249/https://www.caixinglobal.com/2020-02-26/14-of-recovered-covid-19-patients-in-guangdong-tested-positive-again-101520415.html|archive-date=3 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Omer2020">{{cite journal |last1=Omer |first1=SB |last2=Malani |first2=P |last3=del Rio |first3=C |title=The COVID-19 Pandemic in the US A Clinical Update |journal=JAMA |date= 6 April 2020 |doi=10.1001/jama.2020.5788}}</ref> Pinaniniwalaan na ang mga ganitong kaso ay mga pagpapalala ng namamalaging impeksyon sa halip ng muling pagkahawa.<ref name="Omer2020"/>

==Kasaysayan==

Ipinapalagay na ang birus ay likas at [[zoonosis|nagmumula sa hayop]],<ref name="NM-20200317">{{cite journal |vauthors=Andersen KG, Rambaut A, Lipkin WI, Holmes EC, Garry RF |title=The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0820-9 |date=17 March 2020 |journal=[[Nature Medicine]] |pages=1–3 |doi=10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9 |issn=1546-170X |access-date=18 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318001738/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0820-9 |archive-date=18 March 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> sa pamamagitan ng [[spillover infection|impeksyong ligwak]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nautil.us/issue/83/intelligence/the-man-who-saw-the-pandemic-coming|title=The Man Who Saw the Pandemic Coming|last=Berger|first=Kevin|name-list-format=vanc|date=12 March 2020|website=Nautilus|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315180124/http://nautil.us/issue/83/intelligence/the-man-who-saw-the-pandemic-coming|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Hindi alam ang pinagmulan nito ngunit noong pagsapit ng Disyembre 2019 halos lahat ng pagkalat ng impeksyon ay sa pamamagitan ng mga tao.<ref name="Epidemiology2020Feb17">{{cite journal|vauthors=Yanping Z, et al.|collaboration=The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team|title=The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19)—China, 2020|url=http://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/id/e53946e2-c6c4-41e9-9a9b-fea8db1a8f51|journal=China CDC Weekly|volume=2|issue=8|pages=113–122|date=17 February 2020|publisher=[[Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention]]|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219142101/http://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/id/e53946e2-c6c4-41e9-9a9b-fea8db1a8f51|archive-date=19 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Heymann Shindo 2020 pp. 542–45">{{cite journal | vauthors=Heymann DL, Shindo N | title=COVID-19: what is next for public health? | journal=Lancet | volume=395 | issue=10224 | date=February 2020 | pmid=32061313 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30374-3 | doi-access=free | pages=542–45 }}</ref> Naganap ang unang di-opisyal na naiulat na impeksyon noong 17 Nobyembre sa  [[2019–20 coronavirus pandemic in Hubei|Wuhan, Tsina]].<ref name=Davidson13March2020>{{cite news |author= Davidson, Helen |date= 13 March 2020 |title= First Covid-19 case happened in November, China government records show—report |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/13/first-covid-19-case-happened-in-november-china-government-records-show-report |work= The Guardian |access-date= 21 March 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200320235432/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/13/first-covid-19-case-happened-in-november-china-government-records-show-report |archive-date= 20 March 2020 |url-status= live }}</ref> Isiniwalat ng isang pagsusuri ng unang 41 kaso ng kumpirmadong COVID-19, na inilathala noong Enero 2020 sa ''The Lancet'', ang pinakaunang petsa ng paglitaw ng sintomas bilang 1{{nbsp}}Disyembre 2019.<ref name=WuMarch2020>{{Cite journal|last=Wu|first=Yi-Chi|last2=Chen|first2=Ching-Sung|last3=Chan|first3=Yu-Jiun|date=March 2020|title=The outbreak of COVID-19: An overview|journal=Journal of the Chinese Medical Association|language=en-US|volume=83|issue=3|pages=217–220|doi=10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000270|issn=1726-4901}}</ref><ref name="Wang24Jan2020">{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=C. |last2=Horby |first2=P. W. |last3=Hayden |first3=F. G. |last4=Gao |first4=G. F. |title=A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern |journal=[[Lancet (journal)|Lancet]] |volume=395 |issue=10223 |pages=470–473 |date=February 2020 |pmid=31986257 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30185-9/abstract}} {{free access}}</ref><ref name="AutoDW-67">{{Cite journal |last=Cohen |first=Jon |date=January 2020 |title=Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally |url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/01/wuhan-seafood-market-may-not-be-source-novel-virus-spreading-globally |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |doi=10.1126/science.abb0611}}</ref> Iniulat ng mga opisyal na pahayagan mula sa WHO ang unang paglitaw ng sintomas bilang 8{{nbsp}}Disyembre 2019.<ref name=Davidson13March2020/>

== Tingnan din ==

* [[Talahulugan kaugnay sa pandemyang COVID-19]]
* [[Pandemya ng COVID-19 sa Pilipinas]]
* [[Influenza]]

== Talababa ==
{{notelist}}

[[Kategorya:2020 sa Asya]]

== Sanggunian ==
{{reflist}}

<!-- Still no mention in ICD. Please provide source.  {{medical resources| ICD10 = {{ICD10|U07.1}}}} -->
<includeonly>{{Respiratory pathology}}
{{Viral diseases}}
{{Health in the People's Republic of China}}
{{COVID-19}}
</includeonly>

{{Authority control}}
[[Kategorya:COVID-19]]
[[Kategorya:Pandemya ng COVID-19|*]]
[[Kategorya:Sakit]]
[[Kategorya:Nakakahawang sakit]]
[[Kategorya:Virus]]
[[Kategorya:Mga sakit mula sa Tsina]]