Linus Pauling

Linus Pauling
Si Pauling noong 1962
Kapanganakan	28 Pebrero 1901(1901-02-28) Portland Oregon Estados Unidos ng Amerika (Multnomah County, Oregon, Estados Unidos ng Amerika)
Kamatayan	18 Agosto 1994 (California, Pacific States Region)
Mamamayan	Estados Unidos ng Amerika
Nagtapos	California Institute of Technology Pamantasang Estatal ng Oregon
Trabaho	kimiko, pisiko, Esperantista, propesor ng unibersidad, biyokimiko, kristalograpo, biyopisiko
Opisina	propesor (1969–1974)
Anak	Peter Pauling
Pirma

Si Linus Carl Pauling (28 Pebrero 1901 – 19 Agosto 1994) ay isang Amerikanong chemist, biochemist, aktibista para sa kapayapaan, manunulat, at tagapagturo. Siya ay naglathala ng mahigit 1200 artikulo at aklat, kung saan humigit- kumulang 850 sa mga ito ay may kinalaman sa mga paksang siyentipiko.  Tinagurian umano siya ng New Scientist bilang isa sa 20 dakilang siyentista ng panahon, at noong 2000, siya ay kinilala bilang ika-16 na pinakamahalagang siyentista sa kasaysayan. Si Pauling ay isa mga tagapagtatag ng larangan ng quantum chemistry at molecular biology. 

Dahil sa kanyang ambag sa agham, si Pauling ay pinagkalooban ng Nobel Prize sa Kimika noong 1954. Sa taong 1962, dahil naman sa kanyang pangkapayapaan na aktibismo, siya ay napagkalooban ng Nobel Peace Prize. Ito ang nagbigay daan sa kanya bilang ang kaisa-isang taong tumanggap ng dalawang Nobel Prize nang walang kahati. Isa siya sa apat lamang na indibidwal na nagtamo ng mahigit sa isang Nobel Prize (ang iba ay sina Marie Curie, John Bardeen, at Frederick Sanger). Isa rin siya sa dalawang tao lamang na nakatanggap ng nasabing gantimpala sa iba’t-ibang larangan; ang isa ay si Marie Curie. Pinag-aralan din ni Pauling ang istruktura ng DNA, isang problema na nalutas nina James Watson at Francis Crick.

Sa mga sumunod na taon, itinaguyod niya ang orthomolecular medicine, megavitamin therapy, dietary supplements, at ang pag-inom ng maraming dosis ng bitamina C, ngunit wala sa mga ito ang natanggap sa mainstream scientific community.

Si Linus Pauling.

Talambuhay

Si Pauling ay ipinanganak noong Pebrero 28, 1901, sa Portland, Oregon. Ang kanyang ama, si Herman Pauling, ay isang durugista na may lahing Aleman, at ang kanyang ina, si Lucy Pauling, ay may pinagmulang lahing Ingles-Eskoses. Si Linus ay pumasok sa mga paaralan sa Condon at Portland, pagkatapos ay nag-aral sa Oregon State College, nakakuha ng batsilyer ng agham sa inhenyeriyang kemikal noong 1922. Nagturo siya sa kolehiyo at kalaunan ay naging Teaching Fellow sa California Institute of Technology, kung saan nakakuha siya ng Ph. D. sa kemistri noong 1925.

Mga publikasyon

Mga aklat

• ——; Wilson, E. B. (1985) [Originally published in 1935]. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics with Applications to Chemistry. Reprinted by Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-64871-2.
• —— (1939). The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals. Cornell University Press.
• —— (1947). General Chemistry: An Introduction to Descriptive Chemistry and Modern Chemical Theory. Freeman.
  • Greatly revised and expanded in 1947, 1953, and 1970. Reprinted by Dover Publications in 1988.
• ——; Hayward, Roger (1964). "The Architecture of Molecules". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 51 (5). San Francisco: Freeman: 977–84. Bibcode:1964PNAS...51..977P. doi:10.1073/pnas.51.5.977. ISBN 978-0-7167-0158-3. PMC 300194. PMID 16591181.
  • Manuscript notes and typescripts (clear images)
• —— (1958). No more war!. Dodd, Mead & Co. ISBN 978-1-124-11966-3.
• —— (1977). Vitamin C, the Common Cold and the Flu. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-0360-0.
• —— (1987). How to Live Longer and Feel Better. Avon. ISBN 978-0-380-70289-3.
• Cameron, E.; —— (1993). Cancer and Vitamin C: A Discussion of the Nature, Causes, Prevention, and Treatment of Cancer With Special Reference to the Value of Vitamin C. Camino. ISBN 978-0-940159-21-1.
• —— (1998). Linus Pauling On Peace: A Scientist Speaks Out on Humanism and World Survival. Rising Star Press. ISBN 978-0-933670-03-7.
• Hoffer, Abram; —— (2004). Healing Cancer: Complementary Vitamin & Drug Treatments. Toronto: CCNM Press. ISBN 978-1-897025-11-6.
• Ikeda, Daisaku; —— (2008). A Lifelong Quest for Peace: A Dialogue. Richard L. Gage (ed., trans.). London: I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-889-1.

Mga artikulo sa dyornal

• —— (1927). "The Theoretical Prediction of the Physical Properties of Many-Electron Atoms and Ions. Mole Refraction, Diamagnetic Susceptibility, and Extension in Space". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 114 (767): 181–211. Bibcode:1927RSPSA.114..181P. doi:10.1098/rspa.1927.0035.
• —— (1929). "The Principles Determining the Structure of Complex Ionic Crystals". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 51 (4): 1010–1026. Bibcode:1929JAChS..51.1010P. doi:10.1021/ja01379a006.
• —— (1931). "The Nature of the Chemical Bond. I. Application of Results Obtained from the Quantum Mechanics and from a Theory of Paramagnetic Susceptibility to the Structure of Molecules". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 53 (4): 1367–1400. Bibcode:1931JAChS..53.1367P. doi:10.1021/ja01355a027.
• —— (1931). "The Nature of the Chemical Bond. II. The One-Electron Bond and the Three-Electron Bond". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 53 (9): 3225–3237. Bibcode:1931JAChS..53.3225P. doi:10.1021/ja01360a004.
• —— (1932). "The Nature of the Chemical Bond. III. The Transition from One Extreme Bond Type to Another". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 54 (3): 988–1003. Bibcode:1932JAChS..54..988P. doi:10.1021/ja01342a022.
• —— (1932). "The Nature of the Chemical Bond. IV. The Energy of Single Bonds and the Relative Electronegativity of Atoms". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 54 (9): 3570–3582. Bibcode:1932JAChS..54.3570P. doi:10.1021/ja01348a011.
• ——; Wheland, G. W. (1933). "The Nature of the Chemical Bond. V. The Quantum-Mechanical Calculation of the Resonance Energy of Benzene and Naphthalene and the Hydrocarbon Free Radicals" (PDF). The Journal of Chemical Physics. 1 (6): 362. Bibcode:1933JChPh...1..362P. doi:10.1063/1.1749304. Inarkibo (PDF) mula sa orihinal noong October 9, 2022.
• —— (1935). "The Structure and Entropy of Ice and of Other Crystals with Some Randomness of Atomic Arrangement". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 57 (12): 2680–2684. Bibcode:1935JAChS..57.2680P. doi:10.1021/ja01315a102.
• —— (1940). "A Theory of the Structure and Process of Formation of Antibodies*". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 62 (10): 2643–2657. Bibcode:1940JAChS..62.2643P. doi:10.1021/ja01867a018.
• —— (1947). "Atomic Radii and Interatomic Distances in Metals". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 69 (3): 542–553. Bibcode:1947JAChS..69..542P. doi:10.1021/ja01195a024.
• ——; Itano, H. A.; Singer, S. J.; Wells, I. C. (1949). "Sickle Cell Anemia, a Molecular Disease". Science. 110 (2865): 543–548. Bibcode:1949Sci...110..543P. doi:10.1126/science.110.2865.543. PMID 15395398. S2CID 31674765.
• ——; Corey, R. B.; Branson, H. R. (1951). "The structure of proteins: Two hydrogen-bonded helical configurations of the polypeptide chain". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 37 (4): 205–11. Bibcode:1951PNAS...37..205P. doi:10.1073/pnas.37.4.205. PMC 1063337. PMID 14816373.

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