Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Estados Unidos

Supreme Court of the United States
Itinatag	1789
Bansa	Estados Unidos
Lokasyon	Washington, D.C.
Mga koordinado	38°53′26″N 77°00′16″W
Paraang komposisyon	Nominasyon ng Pangulo ng Estados Unidos na may pagkukumpirma ng Senador ng Estados Unidos
Pinagmulan ng kapangyarihan	Saligang batas ng Estados Unidos
Tagal ng termino ng hukom	Panghabangbuhay
Bilang ng mga posisyon	9, ayon statute
Website	supremecourt.gov
Punong Hustisya ng Estados Unidos
Currently	John Roberts
Since	Setyembre 29, 2005

Estados Unidos
Ang artikulong ito ay bahagi ng seryeng: Politika at pamahalaan ng ang Estados Unidos
Pamahalaang pederal Saligang Batas Pagbubuwis
Tagapagbatas Kongreso Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan Ispiker Mga pinuno ng partido Mga distritong kongresyonal Senado Panulong pro tempore Mga pinuno ng partido
Tagapagpaganap Pangulo Pangalawang pangulo Gabinete Mga ahensiyang pederal
Tagapaghukom Mga hukumang pederal Kataas-taasang Hukuman Mga hukuman ng paghahabol Mga hukumang pandistrito
Mga halalan Mga halalang pampanguluhan Mga halalang midterm Mga halalang off-year
Mga partidong politikal Democratic Republican Third parties
Pederalismo Pamahalaang estado Mga gobernador Legislatures (Talaan) Mga hukumang estado Lokal na pamahalaan
Atlas

Ang Korte Suprema ng Estados Unidos o Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Estados Unidos pinakamataas na hukuman sa Estados Unidos. Ito ay may huli (at malaking diskresyonaryong) apeladong hurisdiksiyon sa lahat ng mga korteng pederal ng Estados Unidos at sa mga kaso ng korte ng estado na kinasasangkutan ng mga isyu ng batas pederal sa isang maliit na saklaw ng mga kaso. Ang Korte na nagpupulong sa Gusali ng Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Estados Unidos sa Washington, D.C. ay binubuo ng Punong Hustisya ng Estados Unidos at mga walong kaugnay na hustisya na hinihirang ng Pangulo ng Estados Unidos at kinumpirma ng Senado ng Estados Unidos. Kapag nahirang, ang mga hustisya ay may tenure na pam buhay malibang magbitiw, magretiro o inalis pagkatapos ng impeachment.

Mga kasapi

Mga kasalukuyang Hustisya

Pangalan	Ipinanganak	Hinirang ni	Boto ng pagkukumpirma ng Senado	Edas sa pagkakahirang	Unang araw / Tagal ng serbisyo	Mga nakaraang posisyon
Roberts, JohnJohn Roberts (Chief Justice)	Enero 27, 1955 (age &0000000000000069.00000069) in Buffalo, New York	Bush, George W.George W. Bush	78–22	50	Setyembre 29, 2005 18 taon, 7 buwan	Circuit Judge, Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (2003–2005); Pribadong pagsasanay (1993–2003); Professor, Georgetown University Law Center (1992–2005); Principal Deputy Solicitor General (1989–1993);Pribadong pagsasanay(1986–1989); Associate Counsel to the President (1982–1986); Special Assistant to the Attorney General (1981–1982)
Scalia, AntoninAntonin Scalia	Marso 11, 1936 (age &0000000000000088.00000088) in Trenton, New Jersey	Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan	98–0	50	Setyembre 26, 1986 37 taon, 7 buwan	Circuit Judge, Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (1982–1986); Propesor, University of Chicago Law School (1977–1982); Assistant Attorney General (1974–1977); Propesor, University of Virginia School of Law (1967–1974); Private practice (1961–1967)
Kennedy, AnthonyAnthony Kennedy	Hulyo 23, 1936 (age &0000000000000087.00000087) sa Sacramento, California	Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan	97–0	51	Pebrero 18, 1988 36 taon, 2 buwan	Circuit Judge, Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (1975–1988); Professor, McGeorge School of Law, University of the Pacific (1965–1988); Private practice (1963–1975)
Thomas, ClarenceClarence Thomas	Hunyo 23, 1948 (age &0000000000000075.00000075) in Pin Point, Georgia	Bush, George H. W.George H. W. Bush	52–48	43	Oktubre 23, 1991 32 taon, 6 buwan	Circuit Judge, Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (1990–1991); Chairman, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (1982–1990); legislative assistant for Missouri Senator John Danforth (1979–1981); employed by Monsanto Company Inc. (1977–1979); Assistant Attorney General in Missouri under State Attorney General John Danforth (1974–1977)
Ginsburg, Ruth BaderRuth Bader Ginsburg	Marso 15, 1933 (age &0000000000000091.00000091) in New York, New York	Clinton, BillBill Clinton	96–3	60	Agosto 10, 1993 30 taon, 9 buwan	Circuit Judge, Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit (1980–1993); General Counsel, American Civil Liberties Union (1973–1980); Professor, Columbia Law School (1972–1980); Professor, Rutgers University School of Law (1963–1972)
Breyer, StephenStephen Breyer	Agosto 15, 1938 (age &0000000000000085.00000085) in San Francisco, California	Clinton, BillBill Clinton	87–9	56	Agosto 3, 1994 29 taon, 9 buwan	Chief Judge, Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (1990–1994); Circuit Judge, Court of Appeals for the First Circuit (1980–1990); Professor, Harvard Law School (1967–1980)
Alito, SamuelSamuel Alito	Abril 1, 1950 (age &0000000000000074.00000074) in Trenton, New Jersey	Bush, George W.George W. Bush	58–42	55	Enero 31, 2006 18 taon, 3 buwan	Circuit Judge, Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (1990–2006); Professor, Seton Hall University School of Law (1999–2004); U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey (1987–1990); Deputy Assistant Attorney General (1985–1987); Assistant to the Solicitor General (1981–1985); Assistant U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey (1977–1981)
Sotomayor, SoniaSonia Sotomayor	Hunyo 25, 1954 (age &0000000000000069.00000069) in New York, New York	Obama, BarackBarack Obama	68–31	55	Agosto 8, 2009 14 taon, 9 buwan	Circuit Judge, Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (1998–2009); District Judge, District Court for the Southern District of New York (1992–1998); Private practice (1984–1991); Assistant District Attorney, New York County, New York (1979–1984)
Kagan, ElenaElena Kagan	Abril 28, 1960 (age &0000000000000064.00000064) in New York, New York	Obama, BarackBarack Obama	63–37	50	Agosto 7, 2010 13 taon, 9 buwan	Solicitor General of the United States (2009–2010); Dean of Harvard Law School (2003–2009); Professor, Harvard Law School (2001–2003); Visiting Professor, Harvard Law School (1999–2001); Associate White House Counsel (1995–1999); Deputy Director of the Domestic Policy Council (1995–1999); Professor, University of Chicago Law School (1995); Associate Professor, University of Chicago Law School (1991–1995)

Court demographics

Pangunahing artikulo: Demographics of the Supreme Court of the United States

The Court currently has six male and three female justices. One justice is African American, one is Latino, and two are Italian-Americans; six justices are Roman Catholics, and three are Jewish. The average age is 78 taon, 5 buwan, and every current justice has an Ivy League background. Four justices are from the state of New York, two from New Jersey, two from California, and one from Georgia.

In the 19th century, every justice was a Caucasian male, and concerns about diversity focused on geography, to represent all regions of the country, rather than ethnic, religious, or gender diversity. Thurgood Marshall became the first African American Justice in 1967, and Sandra Day O'Connor became the first female Justice in 1981. O'Connor, whose appointment fulfilled Ronald Reagan's campaign promise to place a woman on the Court, was later joined by Ruth Bader Ginsburg, appointed by Bill Clinton in 1993. Marshall was succeeded by Clarence Thomas in 1991, who is the second African American to serve on the Supreme Court. After O'Connor had in 2006 been succeeded by Samuel Alito, Ginsburg was in 2009 joined by Sonia Sotomayor, the first Latino justice, and in 2010 by Elena Kagan, so that there were three female justices.

Most justices have been Protestants, including thirty-five Episcopalians, nineteen Presbyterians, ten Unitarians, five Methodists, and three Baptists. The first Catholic justice was Roger Taney in 1836, and 1916 saw the appointment of the first Jewish justice, Louis Brandeis. In recent years this situation has reversed: after the retirement of Justice Stevens in June 2010, the Court is without a Protestant for the first time in its history.

Retired justices

There are currently three living retired justices of the Supreme Court of the United States: John Paul Stevens, Sandra Day O'Connor, and David Souter. As retired justices, they no longer participate in the work of the Supreme Court, but may be designated for temporary assignments to sit on lower federal courts, usually the United States Courts of Appeals. Such assignments are formally made by the Chief Justice, on request of the Chief Judge of the lower court and with the consent of the retired Justice. In recent years, Justice O'Connor has sat with several Courts of Appeals around the country, and Justice Souter has frequently sat on the First Circuit, the court of which he was briefly a member before joining the Supreme Court.

The status of a retired Justice is analogous to that of a Circuit or District Judge who has taken senior status, and eligibility of a Supreme Court Justice to assume retired status (rather than simply resign from the bench) is governed by the same age and service criteria.

Justices sometimes strategically plan their decisions to leave the bench, with personal, institutional, and partisan factors playing a role. The fear of mental decline and death often motivates justices to step down. The desire to maximize the Court's strength and legitimacy through one retirement at a time, when the Court is in recess, and during non-presidential election years suggests a concern for institutional health. Finally, especially in recent decades, many justices have timed their departure to coincide with a compatible president holding office to ensure that a like-minded successor would be appointed.

Name	Born	Appt. by	Retired under	Conf. vote	Age at appt.	First day	Date of retirement
John Paul Stevens	Abril 20, 1920 (age &0000000000000104.000000104) in Chicago, Illinois	Gerald Ford	Barack Obama	98–0	55	December 19, 1975	June 29, 2010
Sandra Day O'Connor	Marso 26, 1930 (age &0000000000000094.00000094) in El Paso, Texas	Ronald Reagan	George W. Bush	99–0	51	September 25, 1981	January 31, 2006
David Souter	Setyembre 17, 1939 (age &0000000000000084.00000084) in Melrose, Massachusetts	George H. W. Bush	Barack Obama	90–9	51	Oktubre 9, 1990	June 29, 2009

Mga sanggunian

Ang lathalaing ito na tungkol sa Politika at Estados Unidos ay isang usbong. Makatutulong ka sa Wikipedia sa pagpapalawig nito.