Ateismo

Sa pinakamalawak nitong kahulugan, ang ateismo ay ang hindi paniniwala sa Diyos o mga diyos.

Depinisyon[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]

Ang ateismo ay ang panininindigang hindi totoong mayroong mga diyos,^[1] o ang pagtatanggi sa teismo.^[2] Sa mas malawak na kaisipan, ito ang kawalan ng paniniwala sa pagkakaroon ng mga diyos.^[3]

Nagmula ang katawagang ateismo mula sa Griyegong ἄθεος (atheos), na mapanirang katawagan para sa sinumang inaakalang naniniwala sa mga bulaang mga diyos, walang mga diyos, o mga doktrinang na taliwas sa mga naitatag na relihiyon. Sa paglaganap ng malayang kaisipan, pagtatanong na may pag-aalinlangan, at ang sumunod na pagtaas ng pagpuna sa relihiyon, kumitid ang sakop sa paglapat ng katawagan. Lumitaw noong ika-18 siglo ang unang mga indibiduwal na nagsabing sila'y mga "ateista". Ngayon, mga 2.3% ng populasyon ng mundo ang naghahayag na ateista sila, habang may 11.9% naman ang nagsasabing hindi sila teista.^[4] Hanggang 65% ng mga Hapon ang nagsasabing sila'y ateista, agnostiko, o walang paniniwala; at hanggang 48% naman sa Rusya.^[5] Ang mga bahagdan naman ng mga ganoong tao sa mga kasapi ng Unyong Europeo ay nasa pagitan ng 6% (Italya) at 85% (Sweden).^[5]

Mga sanggunian[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]

↑ Rowe, William L. (1998). "Atheism". Sa Edward Craig (pat.). Ensiklopedya ng Pilosopiya ng Routledge.
↑
Ginagamit ang teismo dito sa halos sa pangkalahatang gamit nito, na ang paniniwala sa isa o higit pa na diyos. Nangangahulugang ito na ang ateismo ay ang pagtanggi sa paniniwala na mayroon ibang kahit anong diyos, kahit pa na hinango pa ang karagdagang pagtitibay sa walang diyos.
- Nielsen, Kai (2009). "Atheism". Encyclopædia Britannica. Nakuha noong 2007-04-28. "Atheism, in general, the critique and denial of metaphysical beliefs in God or spiritual beings.... a more adequate characterization of atheism consists in the more complex claim that to be an atheist is to be someone who rejects belief in God for [reasons that depend] on how God is being conceived."
- Edwards, Paul (1967). "Atheism". The Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Bol. Bol. 1. Collier-MacMillan. pa. 175. Sipi: On our definition, an 'atheist' is a person who rejects belief in God, regardless of whether or not his reason for the rejection is the claim that 'God exists' expresses a false proposition. People frequently adopt an attitude of rejection toward a position for reasons other than that it is a false proposition. It is common among contemporary philosophers, and indeed it was not uncommon in earlier centuries, to reject positions on the ground that they are meaningless. Sometimes, too, a theory is rejected on such grounds as that it is sterile or redundant or capricious, and there are many other considerations which in certain contexts are generally agreed to constitute good grounds for rejecting an assertion
↑
Minumungkahi sa maikling artikulo sa religioustolerance.org sa Definitions of the term "Atheism" Naka-arkibo 2020-01-02 sa Wayback Machine. na walang pangkalahatang kasunduan sa kahulugan ng katawagan. Binuod ni Simon Blackburn ang situwasyon sa The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy: "Atheism. Either the lack of belief in a god, or the belief that there is none." Nililista ng karamihan sa talasalitaan (tingnan ang pagtanong sa OneLook para sa "atheism") ang isa sa maraming makikitid na mga kahulugan.
- Runes, Dagobert D.(patnugot) (1942 edisyon). Dictionary of Philosophy. New Jersey: Littlefield, Adams & Co. Philosophical Library. ISBN 0064634612. Sipi: (a) the belief that there is no God; (b) Some philosophers have been called "atheistic" because they have not held to a belief in a personal God. Atheism in this sense means "not theistic". The former meaning of the term is a literal rendering. The latter meaning is a less rigorous use of the term though widely current in the history of thought {{cite book}}: Pakitingnan ang mga petsa sa: |year= (tulong) - entrada ni Vergilius Ferm
↑ "Worldwide Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-2005". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2005. Nakuha noong 2007-04-15.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns" Naka-arkibo 2009-08-22 sa Wayback Machine., The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, patnugot ni Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2005.

[1] Rowe, William L. (1998). "Atheism". Sa Edward Craig (pat.). Ensiklopedya ng Pilosopiya ng Routledge.

[2] Ginagamit ang teismo dito sa halos sa pangkalahatang gamit nito, na ang paniniwala sa isa o higit pa na diyos. Nangangahulugang ito na ang ateismo ay ang pagtanggi sa paniniwala na mayroon ibang kahit anong diyos, kahit pa na hinango pa ang karagdagang pagtitibay sa walang diyos.
Nielsen, Kai (2009). "Atheism". Encyclopædia Britannica. Nakuha noong 2007-04-28. "Atheism, in general, the critique and denial of metaphysical beliefs in God or spiritual beings.... a more adequate characterization of atheism consists in the more complex claim that to be an atheist is to be someone who rejects belief in God for [reasons that depend] on how God is being conceived."

Edwards, Paul (1967). "Atheism". The Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Bol. Bol. 1. Collier-MacMillan. pa. 175. Sipi: On our definition, an 'atheist' is a person who rejects belief in God, regardless of whether or not his reason for the rejection is the claim that 'God exists' expresses a false proposition. People frequently adopt an attitude of rejection toward a position for reasons other than that it is a false proposition. It is common among contemporary philosophers, and indeed it was not uncommon in earlier centuries, to reject positions on the ground that they are meaningless. Sometimes, too, a theory is rejected on such grounds as that it is sterile or redundant or capricious, and there are many other considerations which in certain contexts are generally agreed to constitute good grounds for rejecting an assertion

[3] Nielsen, Kai (2009). "Atheism". Encyclopædia Britannica. Nakuha noong 2007-04-28. "Atheism, in general, the critique and denial of metaphysical beliefs in God or spiritual beings.... a more adequate characterization of atheism consists in the more complex claim that to be an atheist is to be someone who rejects belief in God for [reasons that depend] on how God is being conceived."

[4] Edwards, Paul (1967). "Atheism". The Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Bol. Bol. 1. Collier-MacMillan. pa. 175. Sipi: On our definition, an 'atheist' is a person who rejects belief in God, regardless of whether or not his reason for the rejection is the claim that 'God exists' expresses a false proposition. People frequently adopt an attitude of rejection toward a position for reasons other than that it is a false proposition. It is common among contemporary philosophers, and indeed it was not uncommon in earlier centuries, to reject positions on the ground that they are meaningless. Sometimes, too, a theory is rejected on such grounds as that it is sterile or redundant or capricious, and there are many other considerations which in certain contexts are generally agreed to constitute good grounds for rejecting an assertion

[3] Minumungkahi sa maikling artikulo sa religioustolerance.org sa Definitions of the term "Atheism" Naka-arkibo 2020-01-02 sa Wayback Machine. na walang pangkalahatang kasunduan sa kahulugan ng katawagan. Binuod ni Simon Blackburn ang situwasyon sa The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy: "Atheism. Either the lack of belief in a god, or the belief that there is none." Nililista ng karamihan sa talasalitaan (tingnan ang pagtanong sa OneLook para sa "atheism") ang isa sa maraming makikitid na mga kahulugan.
Runes, Dagobert D.(patnugot) (1942 edisyon). Dictionary of Philosophy. New Jersey: Littlefield, Adams & Co. Philosophical Library. ISBN 0064634612. Sipi: (a) the belief that there is no God; (b) Some philosophers have been called "atheistic" because they have not held to a belief in a personal God. Atheism in this sense means "not theistic". The former meaning of the term is a literal rendering. The latter meaning is a less rigorous use of the term though widely current in the history of thought {{cite book}}: Pakitingnan ang mga petsa sa: |year= (tulong) - entrada ni Vergilius Ferm

[6] Runes, Dagobert D.(patnugot) (1942 edisyon). Dictionary of Philosophy. New Jersey: Littlefield, Adams & Co. Philosophical Library. ISBN 0064634612. Sipi: (a) the belief that there is no God; (b) Some philosophers have been called "atheistic" because they have not held to a belief in a personal God. Atheism in this sense means "not theistic". The former meaning of the term is a literal rendering. The latter meaning is a less rigorous use of the term though widely current in the history of thought {{cite book}}: Pakitingnan ang mga petsa sa: |year= (tulong) - entrada ni Vergilius Ferm

[Britannica_demographics-4] "Worldwide Adherents of All Religions by Six Continental Areas, Mid-2005". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2005. Nakuha noong 2007-04-15.

[Zuckerman-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Zuckerman, Phil. "Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns" Naka-arkibo 2009-08-22 sa Wayback Machine., The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, patnugot ni Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2005.

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