Homo floresiensis
Homo floresiensis | |
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Isang bungo ng Homo floresiensis, mula sa American Museum of Natural History | |
Klasipikasyong pang-agham (disputed) | |
Kaharian: | |
Kalapian: | |
Hati: | |
Orden: | |
Pamilya: | |
Tribo: | |
Sari: | |
Espesye: | †H. floresiensis
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Pangalang binomial | |
†Homo floresiensis Brown et al., 2004
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Flores sa Indonesia, naka-pula |
Ang Homo floresiensis ("Taong Flores" na pinalayawang "hobbit" at "Flo") ay isang ekstintong espesye ng genus na homo.Natuklasan ito noong 2003 sa isla ng Flores sa Indonesia. Ang mga hindi kumpletong kalansay ng mga 9 na indibidwal ay nakuha kabilang ang isang kumpletong bungo.[1][2] Ang hominin na ito ay kapansin-pansin para sa maliit nitong katawan at utak. Posibleng ito ay nabuhay hanggang noong mga 12,000 taon na ang nakalipas.[3]. Ang mga nakuhang bagay katabi ng mga labing ito ang mga kasangkapang bato na mula 94,000 hanggang 13,000 taon ang nakaraan.
Ang mga nakatuklas nito na sina Mike Morwood at mga kasamahan nito ay nagmungkahi na ang mga iba't ibang mga katangian nito na parehong primitibo at hinalaw ay tumutukoy sa mga indibidwal na ito bilang kabilang sa isang bagong species na H. floresiensis sa loob ng tribo ng Hominini.[1][3] Iminungkahi rin ng mga nakatuklas nito na ang H. floresiensis ay kasabay na nabuhay ng mga Homo sapiens sa Flores.[4]
Ang mga alinlangan na ang mga labi nito ay bumubuo ng isang bagong species ay madaling isinaad ng paleontologong Indonesian na si Teuku Jacob na nagmungkahing ang bungo ng LB1 ay ng isang mikrosepalikong modernong tao. Ang dalawang pag-aaral ng mga paleontologong sina Dean Falk at ang kanyang mga kasamahan (2005, 2007) ay tumakwil sa posibilidad na ito.[5][6][7] Ang pag-aaral nina Falk et al. (2005) ay itinakwil nina Martin et al. (2006) at Jacob et al. (2006) ngunit ipinagtanggol nina Morwood (2005) at Argue, Donlon et al. (2006). Siniyasat ng morpologong si Jungers ang bungo at nagsaad na ang kalansay ay hindi nagpapakita ng anumang bakas ng sakit.
Ang dalawang mga pag-aaral na ortopediko na inilimbag noong 2007 ay nagmumungkahi ng ebidensiya na sumusuporta sa mga labing ito bilang may katayuang species na H. floresiensis..[8][9][10][11] Noong 2009, ang publikasyon ng pagsisisyasat na kladistiko at pag-aaral ng mga komparatibong sukat ng katawan ay karagdagan pang sumusuporta na ang H. floresiensis at Homo sapiens ay hiwalay na mga species.[12][13]
Natagpuan sa isang pag-aaral(2013) na gumamit ng mga 3-D geometric morphometrics na ang LB1 ay nagpapakita ng mas malaking mga apinidad sa sampol ng fossil ng tao kesa sa mga may sakit na modernong tao. Ang mga karagdagan pang katangian nito ay eksklusibong nag-uugnay ng LB1 sa fossil na Homo.[14] Ang H. floresiensis ay maaaring nag-ebolb mula sa Homo erectus ayon sa pag-aaral ng mga siyentipikong Hapones.[15] Iminungkahi nina Brown et al. na ang Homo erectus ay nag-ebolb tungo sa isang mas maliit na katawan dahil sa kapaligiran na may limitadong pagkain sa pamamagitan ng insular dwarfism[1] na isang anyo ng speciation na napagmasdan sa ibang mga species sa islang Flores kabilang ang ilang mga species ng proboscidean genus Stegodon. Ang isang unanong species na stegodont na Stegodon sondaari ay naging ekstinto noong mga 850,000 taong nakakaraan at pinalitan ng isa pang species ng normal na sukat na Stegodon florensis na nag-ebolb naman sa isang anyong unano na Stegodon florensis insularis na naglaho noong 12,000 taong nakakalipas.[16][17]
Mga sanggunian
[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Brown et al. 2004
- ↑ Morwood, Brown et al. 2005
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Morwood, Soejono et al. 2004
- ↑ McKie, Robin (Pebrero 21, 2010). "How a hobbit is rewriting the history of the human race". The Guardian. Nakuha noong Pebrero 23, 2010.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - ↑ Falk et al. 2005
- ↑ Falk et al. 2007
- ↑ FSU News 2007
- ↑ Tocheri et al. 2007
- ↑ New Scientist 2007-09-20
- ↑ Larson et al. 2007 (preprint online Naka-arkibo 2011-06-13 sa Wayback Machine.)
- ↑ Guardian 2007-09-21
- ↑ Argue, Morwood et al. 2009
- ↑ Jungers and Baab 2009
- ↑ http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130710182420.htm
- ↑ http://royalsociety.org/news/2013/homo-floresiensis/
- ↑ Morwood and van Oosterzee 2007: 8, 169
- ↑ Van Den Bergh, G. D.; Rokhus Due Awe; Morwood, M. J.; Sutikna, T.; Jatmiko; Wahyu Saptomo, E. (Mayo 2008). "The youngest Stegodon remains in Southeast Asia from the Late Pleistocene archaeological site Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia". Quaternary International. 182 (1): 16–48. Bibcode:2008QuInt.182...16V. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.001. Nakuha noong 2011-11-27.
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Mga sanggunian
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(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) (paid content) - Argue, D.; Donlon, D., Groves, C. and Wright, R. (2006). "Homo floresiensis: Microcephalic, pygmoid, Australopithecus, or Homo?". Journal of Human Evolution. 51 (4): 360–374. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.04.013. PMID 16919706.
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ignored (tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link) - Argue, Debbie; Morwood, M.; Sutikna, T.; Jatmiko; Saptomo, W. (2009). "Homo floresiensis: A cladistic analysis". Journal of Human Evolution. Online Only as of Aug 4, 09. (5): 623–639. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.05.002.
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(tulong) - Tocheri, M.W.; Orr, CM; Larson, SG; Sutikna, T; Jatmiko; Saptomo, EW; Due, RA; Djubiantono, T; Morwood, MJ (Setyembre 21, 2007). "The Primitive Wrist of Homo floresiensis and Its Implications for Hominin Evolution". Science. 317 (5845): 1743. Bibcode:2007Sci...317.1743T. doi:10.1126/science.1147143. PMID 17885135.
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(tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Weber, George. "Lonely islands: The Andamanese (Ch. 5)". Andaman Association. Inarkibo mula sa ang orihinal noong 2012-07-10. Nakuha noong 2012-09-14.
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Mga karagdagang babasahin
[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]- Goldenberg, Linda (2007). Little People and a Lost World: An Anthropological Mystery. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Twenty-First Century Books. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-8225-5983-2. OCLC 62330789.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Gordon, A. D.; Nevell, L.; Wood, B. (2008). "The Homo floresiensis cranium (LB1): Size, scaling, and early Homo affinities". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 105 (12): 4650–4655. doi:10.1073/pnas.0710041105. ISSN 0027-8424.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Vannucci, R. C.; Barron, T. F.; Holloway, R. L. (2011). "Craniometric ratios of microcephaly and LB1, Homo floresiensis, using MRI and endocasts". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (34): 14043–14048. doi:10.1073/pnas.1105585108. ISSN 0027-8424.
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This citation will be automatically completed in the next few minutes. You can jump the queue or expand by hand - Holliday, Trenton W.; Franciscus, Robert G. (2009). "Body size and its consequences: Allometry and the lower limb length of Liang Bua 1 (Homo floresiensis)". Journal of Human Evolution. 57 (3): 223–228. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.04.007. ISSN 0047-2484.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Lieberman, Daniel E. (2009). "Palaeoanthropology: Homo floresiensis from head to toe". Nature. 459 (7243): 41–42. doi:10.1038/459041a. ISSN 0028-0836.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Montgomery, Stephen H; Capellini, Isabella; Barton, Robert A; Mundy, Nicholas I (2010). "Reconstructing the ups and downs of primate brain evolution: implications for adaptive hypotheses and Homo floresiensis". BMC Biology. 8 (1): 9. doi:10.1186/1741-7007-8-9. ISSN 1741-7007.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - Larson, S.G.; Jungers, W.L.; Tocheri, M.W.; Orr, C.M.; Morwood, M.J.; Sutikna, T.; Awe, Rokhus Due; Djubiantono, T. (2009). "Descriptions of the upper limb skeleton of Homo floresiensis". Journal of Human Evolution. 57 (5): 555–570. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.06.007. ISSN 0047-2484.
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: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link) - doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.08.008
This citation will be automatically completed in the next few minutes. You can jump the queue or expand by hand - "What is the Hobbit?" A review of the state of debate regarding the status of H. Floresiensis, circa 2006, from the open access journal Public Library of Science, Biology