SARS-CoV-2: Pagkakaiba sa mga binago

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Ang '''SARS-CoV-2''' (mula sa {{lang-en|'''Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2'''}}),<ref name="CoronavirusStudyGroup" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51466362|title=Coronavirus disease named Covid-19|date=11 February 2020|work=[[BBC News Online]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215204154/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51466362 | archive-date=15 February 2020 | url-status=live | access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref> na dating kilala bilang '''''2019 novel coronavirus''''', '''2019-nCoV''' at '''Wuhan birus''',<ref name=WHO21Jan2020>{{cite report | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | year = 2020 | title = Surveillance case definitions for human infection with novel coronavirus (nCoV): interim guidance v1, January 2020 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | hdl = 10665/330376 | id = WHO/2019-nCoV/Surveillance/v2020.1 | hdl-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Healthcare Professionals: Frequently Asked Questions and Answers | website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) | date=11 February 2020 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/faq.html | access-date=15 February 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214023335/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/faq.html | archive-date=14 February 2020 | url-status=live }}</ref> ay isang ''positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinacdc.cn/dfdt/201912/t20191226_209404.html|title=中国疾病预防控制中心|publisher=[[Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention]]|location=People's Republic of China|language=Chinese|accessdate=9 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206072618/http://www.chinacdc.cn/dfdt/201912/t20191226_209404.html|archive-date=6 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":xinhuanet9Jan2020">{{cite news|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/09/c_138690570.htm|title=New-type coronavirus causes pneumonia in Wuhan: expert|accessdate=9 January 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109084208/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/09/c_138690570.htm|archive-date=9 January 2020|agency=Xinhua|location=People's Republic of China}}</ref><ref name=":gisaid">{{cite web|url=https://platform.gisaid.org/epi3/start/CoV2020|title=CoV2020|website=GISAID EpifluDB|url-status=live|accessdate=12 January 2020|url-access=registration|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112130540/https://platform.gisaid.org/epi3/start/CoV2020|archive-date=12 January 2020}}</ref> Ito ay nakakahawa sa tao at ang sanhi ng [[COVID-19|sakit na coronavirus]] (COVID-19 strain).<ref name="Chan24Jan2020">{{Cite journal |title=A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster |vauthors=Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KK, Chu H, Yang J, Xing F, Liu J, Yip CC, Poon RW, Tsoi HW, Lo SK, Chan KH, Poon VK, Chan WM, Ip JD, Cai JP, Cheng VC, Chen H, Hui CK, Yuen KY | display-authors=3 |date=January 2020|journal=Lancet |volume= 395|issue= 10223|pages= 514–523|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9 |pmid=31986261 }}</ref>
Ang '''SARS-CoV-2''' (mula sa {{lang-en|'''Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2'''}}),<ref name="CoronavirusStudyGroup" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51466362|title=Coronavirus disease named Covid-19|date=11 February 2020|work=[[BBC News Online]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215204154/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51466362 | archive-date=15 February 2020 | url-status=live | access-date=15 February 2020}}</ref> na dating kilala bilang '''''2019 novel coronavirus''''' ('''2019-nCoV''') at '''''Wuhan virus''''',<ref name=WHO21Jan2020>{{cite report | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | year = 2020 | title = Surveillance case definitions for human infection with novel coronavirus (nCoV): interim guidance v1, January 2020 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | hdl = 10665/330376 | id = WHO/2019-nCoV/Surveillance/v2020.1 | hdl-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Healthcare Professionals: Frequently Asked Questions and Answers | website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) | date=11 February 2020 | url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/faq.html | access-date=15 February 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214023335/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/faq.html | archive-date=14 February 2020 | url-status=live }}</ref> ay isang ''positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinacdc.cn/dfdt/201912/t20191226_209404.html|title=中国疾病预防控制中心|publisher=[[Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention]]|location=People's Republic of China|language=Chinese|accessdate=9 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206072618/http://www.chinacdc.cn/dfdt/201912/t20191226_209404.html|archive-date=6 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":xinhuanet9Jan2020">{{cite news|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/09/c_138690570.htm|title=New-type coronavirus causes pneumonia in Wuhan: expert|accessdate=9 January 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109084208/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/09/c_138690570.htm|archive-date=9 January 2020|agency=Xinhua|location=People's Republic of China}}</ref><ref name=":gisaid">{{cite web|url=https://platform.gisaid.org/epi3/start/CoV2020|title=CoV2020|website=GISAID EpifluDB|url-status=live|accessdate=12 January 2020|url-access=registration|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112130540/https://platform.gisaid.org/epi3/start/CoV2020|archive-date=12 January 2020}}</ref> Ito ay nakakahawa sa tao at ang sanhi ng [[COVID-19]].<ref name="Chan24Jan2020">{{Cite journal |title=A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster |vauthors=Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KK, Chu H, Yang J, Xing F, Liu J, Yip CC, Poon RW, Tsoi HW, Lo SK, Chan KH, Poon VK, Chan WM, Ip JD, Cai JP, Cheng VC, Chen H, Hui CK, Yuen KY | display-authors=3 |date=January 2020|journal=Lancet |volume= 395|issue= 10223|pages= 514–523|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9 |pmid=31986261 }}</ref>


Ang SARS-CoV-2 ay may malaking pagkakahawig sa mga coronavirus na nanggagaling sa paniki (na mayroong sootomiyang pinagmulan),<ref name="NatureZhou" /><ref name="LancetNowcasting">{{cite journal|vauthors=Perlman S|date=January 2020|title=Another Decade, Another Coronavirus|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=382|issue=8|pages=760–762|doi=10.1056/NEJMe2001126|pmid=31978944}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite journal |vauthors=Benvenuto D, Giovanetti M, Ciccozzi A, Spoto S, Angeletti S, Ciccozzi M | display-authors=3 |title=The 2019-new coronavirus epidemic: Evidence for virus evolution|doi=10.1002/jmv.25688|journal=Journal of Medical Virology| volume=92 | issue=4 | pages=455–459 |date=January 2020|pmid=31994738 }}</ref> ngunit mayroon ding pagkakahawig sa mga coronavirus na galing sa balintong.<ref name=":0">{{cite report | vauthors=((World Health Organization)) | year=2020 | title=Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): situation report, 22 | publisher=[[World Health Organization]] | hdl=10665/330991 | hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/coronavirus-from-bats-to-pangolins-how-do-viruses-reach-us/a-52291570|title=Coronavirus: From bats to pangolins, how do viruses reach us?|last=Shield|first=Charli|date=7 February 2020|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|access-date=15 February 2020|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> Sa taksonomiyang pananaw, ang SARS-CoV-2 ay itinuturing bilang isang lahi ng uring ''[[severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus]]''.<ref name="CoronavirusStudyGroup" />
Ang SARS-CoV-2 ay may malaking pagkakahawig sa mga coronavirus na nanggagaling sa paniki (na mayroong sootomiyang pinagmulan),<ref name="NatureZhou" /><ref name="LancetNowcasting">{{cite journal|vauthors=Perlman S|date=January 2020|title=Another Decade, Another Coronavirus|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=382|issue=8|pages=760–762|doi=10.1056/NEJMe2001126|pmid=31978944}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite journal |vauthors=Benvenuto D, Giovanetti M, Ciccozzi A, Spoto S, Angeletti S, Ciccozzi M | display-authors=3 |title=The 2019-new coronavirus epidemic: Evidence for virus evolution|doi=10.1002/jmv.25688|journal=Journal of Medical Virology| volume=92 | issue=4 | pages=455–459 |date=January 2020|pmid=31994738 }}</ref> ngunit mayroon ding pagkakahawig sa mga coronavirus na galing sa balintong.<ref name=":0">{{cite report | vauthors=((World Health Organization)) | year=2020 | title=Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): situation report, 22 | publisher=[[World Health Organization]] | hdl=10665/330991 | hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/coronavirus-from-bats-to-pangolins-how-do-viruses-reach-us/a-52291570|title=Coronavirus: From bats to pangolins, how do viruses reach us?|last=Shield|first=Charli|date=7 February 2020|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|access-date=15 February 2020|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> Sa taksonomiyang pananaw, ang SARS-CoV-2 ay itinuturing bilang isang lahi ng uring ''[[severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus]]''.<ref name="CoronavirusStudyGroup" />


Ang SARS-CoV-2 ang sanhi ng [[Pandemya ng COVID-19]], na isang [[Kagipitan ng Pampublikong Kalusugang May Pandaigdigang Pakundangan]] (PHEIC) na nagmula sa [[Wuhan]], Tsina.<ref name="NYT 20200130">{{cite news | title=W.H.O. Declares Global Emergency as Wuhan Coronavirus Spreads | first1=Sui-Lee | last1=Wee | first2=Donald G. | last2=McNeil Jr. | first3=Javier C. | last3=Hernández | author-link2=Donald McNeil Jr. | website=[[The New York Times]] | date=30 January 2020 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/30/health/coronavirus-world-health-organization.html | access-date=30 January 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130195011/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/30/health/coronavirus-world-health-organization.html | archive-date=30 January 2020 | url-status=live | name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> Dahil dito, ang virus ay tinatawag din sa impormal na katawagan na "''Wuhan coronavirus''".<ref name="HuangNPR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/01/22/798277557/how-does-wuhan-coronavirus-compare-to-mers-sars-and-the-common-cold|title=How Does Wuhan Coronavirus Compare with MERS, SARS and the Common Cold?|last=Huang|first=Pien|date=22 January 2020|website=[[NPR]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202094021/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/01/22/798277557/how-does-wuhan-coronavirus-compare-to-mers-sars-and-the-common-cold|archive-date=2 February 2020|access-date=3 February 2020|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref><ref name="Fox2020">{{cite journal|last1=Fox|first1=Dan|year=2020|title=What you need to know about the Wuhan coronavirus|journal=Nature|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-00209-y|issn=0028-0836|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref>
Ang SARS-CoV-2 ang sanhi ng [[pandemya ng COVID-19]], na isang [[Kagipitan ng Pampublikong Kalusugang May Pandaigdigang Pakundangan]] (PHEIC) na nagmula sa [[Wuhan]], Tsina.<ref name="NYT 20200130">{{cite news | title=W.H.O. Declares Global Emergency as Wuhan Coronavirus Spreads | first1=Sui-Lee | last1=Wee | first2=Donald G. | last2=McNeil Jr. | first3=Javier C. | last3=Hernández | author-link2=Donald McNeil Jr. | website=[[The New York Times]] | date=30 January 2020 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/30/health/coronavirus-world-health-organization.html | access-date=30 January 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130195011/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/30/health/coronavirus-world-health-organization.html | archive-date=30 January 2020 | url-status=live | name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> Dahil dito, ang virus ay tinatawag din sa impormal na katawagan na "''Wuhan coronavirus''".<ref name="HuangNPR">{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/01/22/798277557/how-does-wuhan-coronavirus-compare-to-mers-sars-and-the-common-cold|title=How Does Wuhan Coronavirus Compare with MERS, SARS and the Common Cold?|last=Huang|first=Pien|date=22 January 2020|website=[[NPR]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202094021/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/01/22/798277557/how-does-wuhan-coronavirus-compare-to-mers-sars-and-the-common-cold|archive-date=2 February 2020|access-date=3 February 2020|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref><ref name="Fox2020">{{cite journal|last1=Fox|first1=Dan|year=2020|title=What you need to know about the Wuhan coronavirus|journal=Nature|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-00209-y|issn=0028-0836|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref>


==Pinagmulan==
==Pinagmulan==

Pagbabago noong 12:33, 12 Setyembre 2021


Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Electron micrograph of SARS-CoV-2 virions
Electron micrograph ng SARS-CoV-2 virion's
Larawan ng isang SARS-CoV-2 virion
Larawan ng isang SARS-CoV-2 virion
Klasipikasyon ng mga virus e
(walang ranggo): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kaharian: Orthornavirae
Kalapian: Pisuviricota
Hati: Pisoniviricetes
Orden: Nidovirales
Pamilya: Coronaviridae
Sari: Betacoronavirus
Subgenus: Sarbecovirus
Espesye:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
Strain:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Kasingkahulugan Tsina SARS-CoV-2

2019-nCoV

Ang SARS-CoV-2 (mula sa Ingles: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2),[1][2] na dating kilala bilang 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) at Wuhan virus,[3][4] ay isang positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus.[5][6][7] Ito ay nakakahawa sa tao at ang sanhi ng COVID-19.[8]

Ang SARS-CoV-2 ay may malaking pagkakahawig sa mga coronavirus na nanggagaling sa paniki (na mayroong sootomiyang pinagmulan),[9][10][11] ngunit mayroon ding pagkakahawig sa mga coronavirus na galing sa balintong.[12][13] Sa taksonomiyang pananaw, ang SARS-CoV-2 ay itinuturing bilang isang lahi ng uring severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus.[1]

Ang SARS-CoV-2 ang sanhi ng pandemya ng COVID-19, na isang Kagipitan ng Pampublikong Kalusugang May Pandaigdigang Pakundangan (PHEIC) na nagmula sa Wuhan, Tsina.[14] Dahil dito, ang virus ay tinatawag din sa impormal na katawagan na "Wuhan coronavirus".[15][16]

Pinagmulan

Wuhan is located in Daigdig
Wuhan
Wuhan
Wuhan (Daigdig)
Pangunahing artikulo: SARS

Ang SARS-CoV-2 ay may kahalintulad sa nagdaang SARS 2002 at ang Coronabirus 2019 na kumakalat sa buong mundo, Ang Virus strain na ito ay unang napagalaman sa buwan ng Setyembre 2019 sa mga lungsod ng Milan at Turin sa Italya, bago pa noong Disyembre 2019 sa Wuhan, Tsina ayon sa pag aaral ng "Italian National Cancer Institute", Ang pagsusuri na ito ay lumabas noong Pebrero 21, 2020, Ang mga bagong pagsusuri ay nakuhaan ng sample para sa lung cuncer screening trial noong Setyembre 2019 at Marso 2020, 959 indibidwal na boluntaryo ang sumabak sa 11% na trial upang maka buo ng coronabirus antibodies bago mag Pebrero.[17][18]

Ang bagong coronabirus na umiikot sa bansang Italya, Europa ay unang nakita noong Setyembre 2019 ayon sa (INT) National Cancer Institute sa siyudad ng "Milan", "Italya" ay nag papakita ng signal na ang COVID-19 ay kumalat bago pa sa Tsina sa maagang kaisipan.[19][20]

Sinabi ng World Health Organization na ang new coronabirus at COVID-19 ay ang respiratory disease ay sanhi nito. bago pa mapagalaman ang pagkalat na unang naitala sa "Wuhan", "Tsina" noong Disyembre 2019.[21][22]

Mga kilalang baryante

Karagdagang impormasyon: Mga baryante ng SARS-CoV-2
Baryant Lineage Kowd Deskripsyon
1. SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant 20C/501Y.V2, B.1.351 lineage B

Ang baryant na ito ay nakita sa Timog Aprika baryante ng SARS-CoV-2 na nag sanhi ng COVID-19 sa buong mundo ito ay natagpuan sa isang baybayin ng "Nelson Mandela" sa lalawigan ng "Eastern Cape" ay naiulat noong 18 Disyembre 2020.

2. Cluster 5 FVI-spike Δ Ay mula sa Danish State Serum Institute ay isang baryant ng SARS-CoV-2 na sanhi ng COVID-19 na nadiskubre sa Hilagang Jutland, Denmark na pinaniniwalaan nag mutate ito sa mga minks papunta sa mga tao sa isang via mink farms noong ika 4 Nobyembre 2020. Nag sagawa ng culling para sa mga minks upang hindi kumalat ang nasabing Cluster 5 baryant.
3. SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant B.1.1.7 A Ay isa sa tatlong baryant ng SARS-CoV-2 na sanhi ng COVID-19 na unang nakita noong Disyembre 2020. Na siyang pagglaganap ng "Pandmeya ng COVID-19 sa United Kingdom", Ang baryant na ito ay nakita sa mga lungsod ng London at Kent sa Inglatera.
4. SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant lineage P.1 Γ Ay kabilang sa mga baryante ng SARS-CoV-2 na unang nakita sa Manaus, Brazil noong Mayo 2020 ito ay nakakapagtala ng "fatality", 2,000 na katao sa isang iraw at mahigit 100,000 infected person sa isang araw, ang baryante na ito ay isa sa mga deadly variants ng "SARS-CoV-2".
5. SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant P.1 ζ Ay isa sa mga baryante ng "SARS-CoV-2" o COVID-19 na unang nakita sa lungsod ng Rio de Janeiro sa Brazil ay dumagdag na nagpahirap sa bansa.
6. Lineage B.1.1.317 N/A N/A Ang baryante na nakita sa Brisbane, Australia na nagpataas ng kaso sa mga bansang New Zealand kabilang ang Australia at ilang mga islang bansa sa rehiyon ng Oceania.
7. SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant B.1.525 η Ay isa sa mga baryant ng SARS-CoV-2 na nakita sa Lagos, Nigeria sa Aprika kabilang ang 501.V2 sa Timog Aprika.
8. SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant B.1.526 ι Ay isa mga baryant ng COVID-19 na nakita sa estado ng Bagong York sa Amerika.
9. SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant CAL.20C ε Ay isa sa mga bagong baryant na nakita sa Los Angeles ito ay tinawag na California Variant na siyang dahilan ng pagsipa ng kaso ng COVID-19 sa California kasama ang Lineage P.1 at B.1.1.7 na nanalasa sa Estados Unidos.
10. SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant P.3 Θ Ang P.3 baryant o Philippine baryant ay ang kamag-anak ng P.1 sa Brazil na nagmutate sa Gitnang Kabisayaan sa Pilipinas na unang nakita sa Tokyo, Japan isang Pilipino na nagtungo sa Tokyo ang nag positibo sa COVID-19.
11. SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant B.1.617.2 Δ Ang B.1.617.2 ay isa pang bagong baryant o Indyan baryant bukod sa Lineage B.1.617.
12. SARS-CoV-2 Delta Plus variant B.1.617.2+ δ Ang B.1.617.2+ - ay ang panibagong baryante ay bersyon ng Delta baryant o Nepal baryant na unang nakita sa India, ay mas lalong mapanganib at nakakahawa.
13. SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant B.1.617 κ Ang B.1.617 ay ang pangalawang baryant na nakita sa India, at ang pangalawang baryante na nag pahirap sa bansa, at ang mga bansang tinamaan nito ay ang Pransya at Malaysia simula sa katapusan buwan ng Abril. ito ay nag dobleng mutasyon sa kapitolyo ng New Delhi sa Indya.
14. SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant C.37 Λ Ang C.37 ay unang nakita sa bansang Peru noong Agosto 2020 at kinumpirma ito ng WHO sa hanay ng mga baryant noong Hunyo 14, 2021.

Talasanggunian

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Gorbalenya, Alexander E. (11 February 2020). "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus – The species and its viruses, a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group". bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/2020.02.07.937862. License:CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (tulong)
  2. ↑ "Coronavirus disease named Covid-19". BBC News Online. 11 February 2020. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 15 February 2020. Nakuha noong 15 February 2020.
  3. ↑ World Health Organization (2020). Surveillance case definitions for human infection with novel coronavirus (nCoV): interim guidance v1, January 2020 (Ulat). World Health Organization. hdl:10665/330376. WHO/2019-nCoV/Surveillance/v2020.1.
  4. ↑ "Healthcare Professionals: Frequently Asked Questions and Answers". U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 11 February 2020. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 14 February 2020. Nakuha noong 15 February 2020.
  5. ↑ "中国疾病预防控制中心" (sa Tsino). People's Republic of China: Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 6 February 2020. Nakuha noong 9 January 2020.
  6. ↑ "New-type coronavirus causes pneumonia in Wuhan: expert". People's Republic of China. Xinhua. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 9 January 2020. Nakuha noong 9 January 2020.
  7. ↑ "CoV2020". GISAID EpifluDB. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 12 January 2020. Nakuha noong 12 January 2020.
  8. ↑ Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, et al. (January 2020). "A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster". Lancet. 395 (10223): 514–523. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9. PMID 31986261.
  9. ↑ Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. (February 2020). "A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin". Nature: 1–4. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7.
  10. ↑ Perlman S (January 2020). "Another Decade, Another Coronavirus". New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (8): 760–762. doi:10.1056/NEJMe2001126. PMID 31978944.
  11. ↑ Benvenuto D, Giovanetti M, Ciccozzi A, et al. (January 2020). "The 2019-new coronavirus epidemic: Evidence for virus evolution". Journal of Medical Virology. 92 (4): 455–459. doi:10.1002/jmv.25688. PMID 31994738.
  12. ↑ World Health Organization (2020). Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): situation report, 22 (Ulat). World Health Organization. hdl:10665/330991.
  13. ↑ Shield, Charli (7 February 2020). "Coronavirus: From bats to pangolins, how do viruses reach us?". Deutsche Welle. Nakuha noong 15 February 2020. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (tulong)
  14. ↑ Wee, Sui-Lee; McNeil Jr., Donald G.; Hernández, Javier C. (30 January 2020). "W.H.O. Declares Global Emergency as Wuhan Coronavirus Spreads". The New York Times. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 30 January 2020. Nakuha noong 30 January 2020. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (tulong)
  15. ↑ Huang, Pien (22 January 2020). "How Does Wuhan Coronavirus Compare with MERS, SARS and the Common Cold?". NPR. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2 February 2020. Nakuha noong 3 February 2020. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (tulong)
  16. ↑ Fox, Dan (2020). "What you need to know about the Wuhan coronavirus". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00209-y. ISSN 0028-0836. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (tulong)
  17. ↑ https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3094130/italys-earliest-coronavirus-strains-did-not-arrive-china-study
  18. ↑ https://www.dnaindia.com/world/news-covid-19-traced-in-italy-in-november-2019-new-research-probes-when-coronavirus-infections-really-began-2861266
  19. ↑ https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2020-11-19/researchers-say-study-on-covid-19-in-italy-doesnt-dispute-virus-origins
  20. ↑ https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-09/covid-19-was-in-italy-in-late-november-2019-new-report-shows
  21. ↑ https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/11/coronavirus-italy-covid-19-pandemic-europe-date-antibodies-study
  22. ↑ https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3113444/coronavirus-italian-scientists-find-perfect-match-wuhan-strain

Further reading

  • World Health Organization (2020). Laboratory testing of human suspected cases of novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection: interim guidance, 10 January 2020 (Ulat). World Health Organization. hdl:10665/330374. WHO/2019-nCoV/laboratory/2020.1.
  • World Health Organization (2020). WHO R&D Blueprint: informal consultation on prioritization of candidate therapeutic agents for use in novel coronavirus 2019 infection, Geneva, Switzerland, 24 January 2020 (Ulat). World Health Organization. hdl:10665/330680. WHO/HEO/R&D Blueprint (nCoV)/2020.1.
  • Habibzadeh, Parham; Stoneman, Emily K. (February 2020). "The Novel Coronavirus: A Bird's Eye View". Int J Occup Environ Med. 11 (2): 65–71. doi:10.15171/ijoem.2020.1921. PMID 32020915. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (tulong)

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