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Padron:Infobox lead

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Lead, 82Pb
A small gray metal cube surrounded by three gray metal nuggets in front of a light gray background
Lead
Bigkas /ˈlɛd/ (led)
Appearancemetallic gray
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Pb)
  • [206.14207.94]
  • 207.2±1.1 (pinaikli)[1][2]
Lead sa talahanayang peryodiko
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Sn

Pb

Fl
thalliumleadbismuth
Atomikong bilang (Z)82
Group14
Period6
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4
Physical properties
Phase at STPsolido
Melting point600.61 K ​(327.46 °C, ​621.43 °F)
Boiling point2022 K ​(1749 °C, ​3180 °F)
Density (at 20° C)11.348 g/cm3[3]
when liquid (at m.p.)10.66 g/cm3
Heat of fusion4.77 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization179.5 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity26.650 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 978 1088 1229 1412 1660 2027
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−4, −2, −1, 0,[4] +1, +2, +3, +4 (isang anpoterong oksido)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.33 (in +4), 1.87 (in +2)
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 715.6 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1450.5 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3081.5 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 175 pm
Covalent radius146±5 pm
Van der Waals radius202 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Mga linyang espektral ng lead
Other properties
Crystal structureface-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4)
Lattice constant
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for lead
a = 494.99 pm (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal expansion28.73×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[3]
Thermal conductivity35.3 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity208 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility−23.0×10−6 cm3/mol (at 298 K)[5]
Young's modulus16 GPa
Shear modulus5.6 GPa
Bulk modulus46 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod1190 m/s (at r.t.) (annealed)
Poisson ratio0.44
Mohs hardness1.5
Brinell hardness38–50 MPa
CAS Number7439-92-1
History
DiscoveryMiddle East (7000 BCE)
Symbol"Pb": from Latin na plumbum
Isotopes of lead
Main isotopes[6] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
202Pb synth 5.25×104 y ε 202Tl
204Pb 1.40% stable
205Pb trace 1.73×107 y ε 205Tl
206Pb 24.1% stable
207Pb 22.1% stable
208Pb 52.4% stable
209Pb trace 3.253 h β 209Bi
210Pb trace 22.20 y β 210Bi
211Pb trace 36.1 min β 211Bi
212Pb trace 10.64 h β 212Bi
214Pb trace 26.8 min β 214Bi
Isotopic abundances vary greatly by sample[7]
Kategorya Kategorya: Lead
| references
Pb · Lead
Tl ←

ibox Tl

iso82 Pb  [e]
IB-Pb [e]
IBisos [e]
→ Bi

ibox Bi

indexes by PT (page)
child table, as reused in {IB-Pb}
Main isotopes of lead
Main isotopes[6] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
202Pb synth 5.25×104 y ε 202Tl
204Pb 1.40% stable
205Pb trace 1.73×107 y ε 205Tl
206Pb 24.1% stable
207Pb 22.1% stable
208Pb 52.4% stable
209Pb trace 3.253 h β 209Bi
210Pb trace 22.20 y β 210Bi
211Pb trace 36.1 min β 211Bi
212Pb trace 10.64 h β 212Bi
214Pb trace 26.8 min β 214Bi
Isotopic abundances vary greatly by sample[7]
  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Allotropes (demo)
Group (demo)
Period (demo)
Block (demo)
Standard atomic weight
  most stable isotope
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2021-12-24)
See also Kategorya:Infobox element data sets (0)

Talababa

  1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Lead" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  4. Pb(0) carbonyls have been observered in reaction between lead atoms and carbon monoxide; see Ling, Jiang; Qiang, Xu (2005). "Observation of the lead carbonyls PbnCO (n=1–4): Reactions of lead atoms and small clusters with carbon monoxide in solid argon". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 122 (3): 034505 (sa wikang Ingles). 122 (3): 34505. Bibcode:2005JChPh.122c4505J. doi:10.1063/1.1834915. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID 15740207. {{cite journal}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (tulong)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  5. Weast, Astle & Beyer 1983, p. E110.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
  7. 7.0 7.1 Meija et al. 2016.