Aluminyo

Aluminium, ₁₃Al
Aluminium
Bigkas	aluminium: /ˌæl(j)ʊˈmɪniəm/; (AL-(y)uu-MIN-ee-əm); aluminum: /əˈljuːmɪnəm/; (ə-LEW-min-əm);
Alternative name	Aluminum (U.S., Canada)
Appearance	Silvery gray metallic
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Al)
	26.9815384±0.0000003; 26.982±0.001 (pinaikli);
Aluminium sa talahanayang peryodiko
	magnesium ← aluminium → silicon
Atomikong bilang (Z)	13
Group	13
Period	3
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 3
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solido
Melting point	933.47 K (660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F)
Boiling point	2743 K (2470 °C, 4478 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	2.699 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	2.375 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	10.71 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	284 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.20 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3 (isang anpoterong oksido)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.61
Ionization energies	1st: 577.5 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1816.7 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2744.8 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 143 pm
Covalent radius	121±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	184 pm
	Mga linyang espektral ng aluminium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordiyal
Crystal structure	face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4)
Lattice constant	a = 404.93 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	22.87×10−6/K (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	237 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	26.5 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	+16.5×10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	70 GPa
Shear modulus	26 GPa
Bulk modulus	76 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	(rolled) 5000 m/s (at r.t.)
Poisson ratio	0.35
Mohs hardness	2.75
Vickers hardness	160–350 MPa
Brinell hardness	160–550 MPa
CAS Number	7429-90-5
History
Naming	from alumine, obsolete name for alumina
Prediction	Antoine Lavoisier (1782)
Discovery	Hans Christian Ørsted (1824)
Named by	Humphry Davy (1812)
Isotopes of aluminium t; b;
ε16%	26Mg
γ	–
	Kategorya: Aluminium; tingnan; usapan; baguhin; \| references

Ang aluminyo (Ingles: aluminum) ay isang elementong kimikal sa talahanayang peryodiko na sinasagisag ng simbolong Al at nagtataglay ng atomikong bilang 13.

(atomikong timbang = 26.98, punto ng pagkatunaw = 660.2 °C, punto ng pagkulo = 2,467 °C, ispesipikong grabidad = 2.69, V = 3, simbolo: Al, malaking A na sinundan ng maliit na L) ay isang metalikong elemento na maputi ang kulay at katulad ng pilak. Ito ang elementong itinuturing na pinakarami ang bilang sa balat ng lupa, bagaman natatagpuang nakalangkap sa iba pang mga elemento. Natuklasan ito ni Hans Christian Ørsted noong 1825. Ginagamit ito sa pag-gawa ng mga kasangkapang magagaan, hindi kalawangin, at matitibay o matitigas, katulad halimbawa ng sa kaldero at sa bubong ng bahay.^[10]

Talababa

↑ Davy's 1812 written usage of the word aluminum was predated by other authors' usage of aluminium. However, Davy is often mentioned as the person who named the element; he was the first to coin a name for aluminium: he used alumium in 1808. Other authors did not accept that name, choosing aluminium instead. See below for more details.

Mga sanggunian

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Aluminium" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Unstable carbonyl of Al(0) has been detected in reaction of Al₂(CH₃)₆ with carbon monoxide; see Sanchez, Ramiro; Arrington, Caleb; Arrington Jr., C. A. (Disyembre 1, 1989). "Reaction of trimethylaluminum with carbon monoxide in low-temperature matrixes". American Chemical Society (sa wikang Ingles). 111 (25): 9110-9111. doi:10.1021/ja00207a023.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition (sa wikang Ingles). 35 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ D. C. Tyte (1964). "Red (B2Π–A2σ) Band System of Aluminium Monoxide". Nature (sa wikang Ingles). 202 (4930): 383. Bibcode:1964Natur.202..383T. doi:10.1038/202383a0. S2CID 4163250.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Lide, D. R. (2000). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds" (PDF). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (ika-81st (na) edisyon). CRC Press. ISBN 0849304814.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Mougeot, X. (2019). "Towards high-precision calculation of electron capture decays". Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 154 (108884). doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108884.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
↑ Gaboy, Luciano L. Aluminum, aluminyo - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com.

[8] Davy's 1812 written usage of the word aluminum was predated by other authors' usage of aluminium. However, Davy is often mentioned as the person who named the element; he was the first to coin a name for aluminium: he used alumium in 1808. Other authors did not accept that name, choosing aluminium instead. See below for more details.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Aluminium" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[Arblaster_2018-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[4] Unstable carbonyl of Al(0) has been detected in reaction of Al₂(CH₃)₆ with carbon monoxide; see Sanchez, Ramiro; Arrington, Caleb; Arrington Jr., C. A. (Disyembre 1, 1989). "Reaction of trimethylaluminum with carbon monoxide in low-temperature matrixes". American Chemical Society (sa wikang Ingles). 111 (25): 9110-9111. doi:10.1021/ja00207a023.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[5] Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition (sa wikang Ingles). 35 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[6] D. C. Tyte (1964). "Red (B2Π–A2σ) Band System of Aluminium Monoxide". Nature (sa wikang Ingles). 202 (4930): 383. Bibcode:1964Natur.202..383T. doi:10.1038/202383a0. S2CID 4163250.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[7] Lide, D. R. (2000). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds" (PDF). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (ika-81st (na) edisyon). CRC Press. ISBN 0849304814.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[NUBASE2020-9] Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[branch-10] Mougeot, X. (2019). "Towards high-precision calculation of electron capture decays". Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 154 (108884). doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108884.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)

[Gaboy-11] Gaboy, Luciano L. Aluminum, aluminyo - Gabby's Dictionary: Praktikal na Talahuluganang Ingles-Filipino ni Gabby/Gabby's Practical English-Filipino Dictionary, GabbyDictionary.com.

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