Posporo (elemento)

Phosphorus, ₀₀P
Phosphorus
Bigkas	/ˈfɒsfərəs/ (FOS-fər-əs)
Allotropes	puti, pula, biyoleta, itim at iba pa (mga alotropo ng posporo)
Appearance	Colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black
Standard atomic weight Ar°(P)
	30.973761998±0.000000005; 30.974±0.001 (pinaikli);
Abundance
in the Earth's crust	5.2 (taking silicon as 100)
Phosphorus sa talahanayang peryodiko
	silicon ← phosphorus → sulfur
Group	15
Period	3
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 5
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Density (near r.t.)	white: 1.823 g·cm−3; red: ≈ 2.2–2.34 g·cm−3; violet: 2.36 g·cm−3; black: 2.69 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	white: 0.66 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporisation	white: 51.9 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	white: 23.824 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (isang katamtamang asidikong oksido)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.19
Ionisation energies	1st: 1011.8 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1907 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2914.1 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Covalent radius	107±3 pm
Van der Waals radius	180 pm
	Mga linyang espektral ng phosphorus
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordiyal
Crystal structure	body-centred cubic (bcc)
Thermal conductivity	white: 0.236 W/(m⋅K) ; black: 12.1 W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic ordering	white, red, violet, black: diamagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	−20.8·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)
Bulk modulus	white: 5 GPa; red: 11 GPa
CAS Number	7723-14-0 (red); 12185-10-3 (white)
History
Discovery	Hennig Brand (1669)
Recognised as an element by	Antoine Lavoisier (1777)
Isotopes of phosphorus t; b;
	Template:infobox phosphorus isotopes does not exist
	Kategorya: Phosphorus; tingnan; usapan; baguhin; \| references

Ang posporo (Ingles: phosphorus) ay isang elementong kimikal sa talahanayang peryodiko na sinasagisag ng simbolong P at nagtataglay ng atomikong bilang 15.

Isang multivalent na hindi metal na kabilang sa grupo ng nitroheno, ang posporo ay kadalasang matatagpuan sa mga di-organikong batong phosphate. Ang Elementong posporo ay may dalawang uring laganap - puting posporo at pulang posporo. Bagamat ang ibig-sanihin ng salitang "phosphorescence" ay lumiwanag matapos ang pag-ilaw, mula sa salitang posporo, ang ilaw ng posporo ay nagmumula sa pag-o-oksihena ng puti-(ngunit di pula)-ng posporo at dapat tinatawag na chemiluminescence.

Dahil sa mataas nitong reaktibidad, ang posporo ay hindi kailanman nahahanap bilang malayang elemento sa kalikasan ng Daigdig. Ang kaunaunahang uri ng posporo (puting posporo, noong 1669) ay naglabas ng mahinang ilaw matapos matamaan ng oksiheno— kaya't binansagan itong (mula sa mitolohiyang Griyego) Φωσφόρος, na ang ibig-sabihin ay "tagadala ng liwanag" (wikang Latin: Lucifer), na sinasagisag ang "Tala ng Umaga", ang planetang Venus.

Ang posporo ay bahagi ng DNA, RNA, ATP, pati na ang lipidong-posporo na bahagi ng mga cell membranes. Ito ay isang esensyal na elemento para sa lahat ng buhay na cell. Karaniwan din itong makikita sa mga pataba, pulbura, kremang pansipilyo, pestecide, mga sabon panglaba, at siyempre, sa mga posporo mismo.

Mga sanggunian

↑ "Standard Atomic Weights: Phosphorus" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2013.
↑ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
↑ Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; King, R. Bruce; Schaefer, Iii; Schleyer, Paul v. R.; Robinson, Gregory H. (2008). "Carbene-Stabilized Diphosphorus". Journal of the American Chemical Society (sa wikang Ingles). 130 (45): 14970–1. doi:10.1021/ja807828t. PMID 18937460.
↑ Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.
↑ Lide, D. R., pat. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (ika-86th (na) edisyon). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2011-03-03. Nakuha noong 2018-09-26.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
↑ cf. "Memoir on Combustion in General" Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences 1777, 592–600. from Henry Marshall Leicester and Herbert S. Klickstein, A Source Book in Chemistry 1400–1900 (New York: McGraw Hill, 1952)
↑ Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Phosphorus" (sa wikang Ingles). CIAAW. 2013.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[3] Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; King, R. Bruce; Schaefer, Iii; Schleyer, Paul v. R.; Robinson, Gregory H. (2008). "Carbene-Stabilized Diphosphorus". Journal of the American Chemical Society (sa wikang Ingles). 130 (45): 14970–1. doi:10.1021/ja807828t. PMID 18937460.

[4] Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry (sa wikang Ingles). 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.

[5] Lide, D. R., pat. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (ika-86th (na) edisyon). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2011-03-03. Nakuha noong 2018-09-26.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[6] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[7] . "Memoir on Combustion in General" Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences 1777, 592–600. from Henry Marshall Leicester and Herbert S. Klickstein, A Source Book in Chemistry 1400–1900 (New York: McGraw Hill, 1952)

[8] Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry. 45 (17): 6864–74. doi:10.1021/ic060186o. PMID 16903744.

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